Tuesday, 1 July 2025

Index

Judy Garland
Giuseppe Garibaldi
James A. Garfield
Ava Gardner
Greta Garbo
Mahatma Gandhi
Vasco da Gama
Galileo Galilei
Galen
Thomas Gainsborough


Yuri Gagarin
Clark Gable
Elizabeth Fry
Robert Frost
Betty Friedan
Sigmund Freud
Morgan Freeman
Frederick the Great
Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
Frederick Barbarossa
Benjamin Franklin
Anne Frank
Pope Francis
Francis of Assisi


Francis II of France
Francis I of France
George Fox
Stephen Foster
Jodie Foster
Frederick Forsyth
George Foreman
Henry Ford
Harrison Ford
Gerald Ford
Jane Fonda
Errol Flynn
Ian Fleming
Alexander Fleming
Michael Flatley
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ella Fitzgerald
Charles Grandison Finney
Millard Fillmore
Henry Fielding
Fibonacci
Enzo Ferrari


Roger Federer
Guy Fawkes
Gabriel Fauré
William Faulkner
Michael Faraday
Douglas Fairbanks
Max Factor
Peter Carl Fabergé
Leonhard Euler
Ethelred the Unready
Pablo Escobar
Erasmus
Eminem
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Duke Ellington
Queen Elizabeth II
Elizabeth I


Jim Elliot
T. S. Eliot
John Eliot
George Eliot
Elijah (Biblical character)
Edward Elgar
Eleanor of Aquitaine
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Albert Einstein
Billie Eilish
Paul Ehrlich
Jonathan Edwards (theologian)
Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh
King Edward VIII
King Edward VII
King Edward VI of England
Edward V of England
Edward IV of England
Edward III of England
Edward II of England
Edward I of England


Edward the Confessor
Edward the Black Prince
Saint Edmund
Edmund I
Thomas Edison
Anthony Eden
Mary Baker Eddy
Clint Eastwood
Wyatt Earp
Amelia Earhart
Bob Dylan
Antonín Dvořák
Saint Dunstan
John Boyd Dunlop
Alexandre Dumas
Daphne du Maurier
John Dryden
Alfred Dreyfus
Francis Drake
Drake
Arthur Conan Doyle
Frederick Douglass


Alec Douglas-Home
Fyodor Dostoevsky
John Donne
Domitian
Saint Dominic
Novak Djokovic
Dorothea Dix
Benjamin Disraeli
Walt Disney
Christian Dior
Diocletian
Joe DiMaggio
Marlene Dietrich
Rudolf Diesel
Emily Dickinson
Charles Dickens


Leonardo DiCaprio
Diana, Princess of Wales
Sergei Diaghilev
René Descartes
Johnny Depp
Frederick Delius
Edgar Degas
Daniel Defoe
Claude Debussy
James Dean
Robert De Niro
Catherine de Medici
Charles de Gaulle
Doris Day
Charles G. Dawes
Humphry Davy
Sammy Davis Jr.
Bette Davis


Saint David
King David
Charles Darwin
Dante Alighieri
Daniel (biblical figure)
Matt Damon
Salvador Dalí
Dalai Lama
Gottlieb Daimler
Roald Dahl
Louis Daguerre
Cyrus the Great
Cyril and Methodius
Georges Cuvier
George Armstrong Custer
Marie Curie
Billy Crystal
Johan Cruyff
Tom Cruise
Russell Crowe
Fanny Crosby
Bing Crosby
Thomas Cromwell
Oliver Cromwell
Davy Crockett
Francis Crick
Michael Crichton
Joan Crawford


Thomas Crapper
Thomas Cranmer
William Cowper
Kevin Costner
Sergio Costa
Bill Cosby
Hernán Cortés
Aaron Copland
Nicolaus Copernicus
Gary Cooper
Bradley Cooper
Calvin Coolidge
Sam Cooke
Thomas Cook
Captain James Cook


Constantine the Great
John Constable
Joseph Conrad
Sean Connery
Confucius
Commodus
Christopher Columbus
Saint Columba
William Colgate
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
William "Buffalo Bill" Cody
William Cobbett
Kurt Cobain
Clovis I
George Clooney
Robert Clive
Hillary Clinton
Bill Clinton
Grover Cleveland
Cleopatra
Claudius


William Clark
Eric Clapton
Tom Clancy
André-Gustave Citroën
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
Cicero
Winston Churchill
John Chrysostom
Saint Christopher
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Agatha Christie
Frédéric Chopin
Thomas Chippendale
Julia Child
Louis Chevrolet
Maurice Chevalier
G. K. Chesterton
Anton Chekhov
Geoffrey Chaucer
Ray Charles
Charles VIII of France
Charles VII of France
Charles VI of France
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles III


Charles II of England
Charles I of England
Charlemagne
Charlie Chaplin
Coco Chanel
Raymond Chandler
Jackie Chan
Neville Chamberlain
Paul Cézanne
Miguel de Cervantes
Saint Cecilia
William Caxton
Henry Cavendish
Edith Cavell
Catherine the Great
Catherine, Princess of Wales
Catherine of Siena
Catherine of Aragon
Fidel Castro
Butch Cassidy
Johnny Cash


Giacomo Casanova
George Washington Carver
Caravaggio
Enrico Caruso
Edmund Cartwright
Barbara Cartland
Louis-François Cartier
Jacques Cartier
Jimmy Carter
Rachel Carson
Johnny Carson
Lewis Carroll
Willis Carrier
Jim Carrey
Sabrina Carpenter
Andrew Carnegie


Thomas Carlyle
William Carey
Mariah Carey
Marie-Antoine Carême
Federico Caprilli
Truman Capote
Al Capone
King Canute
Albert Camus
Queen Camilla
James Cameron
David Cameron
John Calvin
Maria Callas
James Callaghan
Caligula
Calamity Jane
Michael Caine
Julius Caesar


Caedmon
John Cadbury
Frances Xavier Cabrini
John Cabot
Lord Byron
William Byrd
George W. Bush
George H. W. Bush
Richard Burton
Edgar Rice Burroughs
Aaron Burr
Robert Burns
Frances Hodgson Burnett
Edmund Burke
John Bunyan
Warren Buffet
The Buddha
James Buchanan
Kobe Bryant
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Beau Brummell
Robert Browning


Elizabeth Browning
James Brown
Gordon Brown
Capability Brown
Phillips Brooks
Mel Brooks
Louise Brooks
Garth Brooks
Rupert Brooke
Emily Brontë
Charlotte Brontë
Benjamin Britten
Leonid Brezhnev
Bertolt Brecht
Eva Braun
Richard Branson
Marlon Brando
Louis Braille
Johannes Brahms
Tycho Brahe
Don Bradman
Ray Bradbury
Robert Boyle
David Bowie
Clara Bow
Boudicca


Sandro Botticelli
Ian Botham
Alexander Borodin
Norman Borlaug
Lucrezia Borgia
Cesare Borgia
Björn Borg
William Booth
John Wilkes Booth
Daniel Boone
Bono
Bonnie Prince Charlie
Saint Boniface
Pope Boniface VIII
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Usain Bolt
Simon Bolivar
Anne Boleyn
Humphrey Bogart
Boethius
Giovanni Boccaccio
Enid Blyton
Amelia Bloomer
Charles Blondin
Mel Blanc
William Blake
Tony Blair
Elizabeth Blackwell
Antoinette Brown Blackwell
Blackbeard
Georges Bizet
Otto Von Bismarck
László Bíró
Clarence Birdseye
Osama bin Laden
Billy the Kid
Simone Biles
Steve Biko
Justin Bieber
Joe Biden


Jeff Bezos
Beyoncé
John Betjeman
George Best
Chuck Berry
Yogi Berra
Leonard Bernstein
Sarah Bernhardt
Tim Berners-Lee
Bernard of Clairvaux
Saint Bernadette
Hector Berlioz
Irving Berlin
Ingrid Bergman
Karl Benz
Jeremy Bentham
E. F. Benson
James Gordon Bennett Sr.
St. Benedict of Nursia
Pope Benedict XVI
Giovanni Belzoni
Saul Bellow
Hilaire Belloc
Alexander Graham Bell
Isabella Beeton
Ludwig van Beethoven
Lyman Beecher
Henry Ward Beecher
Catherine Beecher
The Venerable Bede
David Beckham
Samuel Beckett
Thomas Becket
Boris Becker
Franz Beckenbauer
Sidney Bechet
William Beaumont
Warren Beatty
John Bartram
Clara Barton
Karl Barth
J. M. Barrie
P. T. Barnum
Thomas John Barnardo
Brigitte Bardot
Samuel Barber
Saint Barbara
Joseph Banks
Lucille Ball
Arthur Balfour
Stanley Baldwin
James Baldwin
Josephine Baker
John Logie Baird
Douglas Bader
Robert Baden-Powell
Roger Bacon
Francis Bacon
Johann Sebastian Bach
Lauren Bacall


Charles Babbage
Gladys Aylward
Gene Autry
Jane Austen
Marcus Aurelius
Augustus
St. Augustine of Canterbury
St. Augustine of Hippo
Saint Audrey
W. H. Auden
Clement Attlee
Attila the Hun
Charles Atlas
Rowan Atkinson
Æthelstan
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
John Jacob Astor
Philip Astley
Fred Astaire
H. H. Asquith
Isaac Asimov
Ashoka the Great
Laura Ashley
Francis Asbury
King Arthur
Chester A. Arthur
Benedict Arnold
Neil Armstrong


Louis Armstrong
Lance Armstrong
Edwin Howard Armstrong
Giorgio Armani
Richard Arkwright
Aristotle
Aristophanes
Elizabeth Arden
Archimedes
Jeffrey Archer
Yasser Arafat
Thomas Aquinas
Johnny Appleseed
Nicolas Appert
Marcus Gavius Apicius
Mark Antony
Susan B. Anthony
Anthony of Padua
Anthony the Great
Anselm of Canterbury
Saint Ansgar
Anne, Queen of Great Britain
Anne, Princess Royal
Anne Of Cleves
Maya Angelou
Saint Andrew

Thursday, 25 September 2014

Judy Garland

NAME Judy Garland was born Frances Ethel Gumm on June 10, 1922, in Grand Rapids, Minnesota. She was later given her famous stage name by MGM.

WHAT FAMOUS FOR She is best known as a legendary actress and singer, especially for her role as Dorothy Gale in The Wizard of Oz (1939), and for her powerful voice, emotive performances, and troubled personal life that became part of Hollywood lore.

BIRTH Judy Garland was born Frances Ethel Gumm on June 10, 1922, in Grand Rapids, Minnesota. She was the youngest of three daughters born to Frank Avent Gumm and Ethel Marian (Milne) Gumm. Her parents had initially considered terminating the pregnancy when Ethel learned she was expecting in fall 1921, but ultimately decided to proceed after medical advice. 

FAMILY BACKGROUND Judy's parents were both vaudeville performers. Her father, Frank Avent Gumm, owned and managed the local movie theater in Grand Rapids, where the family frequently performed between film showings.

Her mother, Ethel Marian (Milne) Gumm, was an ambitious woman gifted in playing various musical instruments and served as piano accompanist for the performances. Ethel saw tremendous potential in her youngest daughter and became her driving stage mother. 

Judy had two older sisters: Mary Jane (nicknamed Suzy/Suzanne) and Dorothy Virginia.

The family was of English descent, with some Scottish and Irish heritage. Unfortunately, Judy's family life was troubled, largely due to her father's closeted homosexuality and alleged affairs with young men, which forced the family to relocate multiple times. Her parents' marriage was tumultuous, with frequent separations and reconciliations.

CHILDHOOD Judy made her stage debut at age two singing "Jingle Bells" at her father's theater, and had to be forcibly removed from the stage after singing it seven times. 

Garland in a costume for her debut performance

By age four, she was performing regularly with her sisters as "The Gumm Sisters". 

In 1926, when Judy was four, the family moved to California after rumors about her father's affairs came to light. This relocation marked the end of what Judy later described as "the first four years of my life were the happiest I ever had". From that point, her mother became increasingly focused on making her daughters stars. Judy later described her mother as "the real Wicked Witch of the West" due to her controlling and demanding behavior. 

Tragically, Ethel began giving Judy pills around age 8-10 to help her maintain energy for performances and sleep afterward. The family faced financial instability and sometimes lived out of their automobile.

EDUCATION Judy Garland’s formal education was often disrupted by her demanding performance schedule. She attended several schools in Los Angeles, including Lawler's Professional School (1929–1931), Bancroft Junior High, and University High School. Before joining MGM, she also studied at the Hollywood School of Dance.

In 1937, she graduated from Bancroft and briefly enrolled at University High, but her academic pursuits quickly took a backseat to her rising showbiz career. Much of her schooling was done on the MGM lot, where she took classes alongside other child stars like Mickey Rooney. Her heavy workload in acting, singing, and dancing meant college was never really an option.

Garland reportedly had a fondness for social studies and was an avid reader. She especially loved The Wizard of Oz, ghost stories, and poetry, and often enjoyed writing stories of her own.

CAREER RECORD 

1929 Judy's professional career began in 1929 when she appeared with her sisters in The Big Revue.

1935 At age 13, she signed a seven-year contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer after Louis B. Mayer heard her sing. 

1936 Her first major film was Pigskin Parade 

1939 Her breakthrough came with The Wizard of Oz (1939), which made her an international star. 

1950 MGM released her from her contract in 1950 due to her unreliability and health issues. She then focused on concert performances,

193-64  She starred in The Judy Garland Show on television 

APPEARANCE Judy Garland was notably petite, standing just under 5 feet tall—officially listed at 4 feet 11 inches, though some sources rounded her height to 5 feet. Her small stature often posed challenges in Hollywood, where costume designers had to carefully tailor her outfits to balance her appearance alongside taller co-stars. Her weight fluctuated throughout her life, ranging from 98 to 155 pounds according to studio records, with her measurements during her peak years around 33-22-34.

Despite being within a healthy range for her height, MGM executives fixated on her appearance, frequently criticizing her weight and placing her on extreme diets. At times, they referred to her cruelly as a "fat little pig with pigtails." To maintain a youthful image, the studio routinely strapped down her chest and cinched her waist with corsets.

Garland had a sweet, round face and once described herself with characteristic candor as having "crooked teeth, straight black hair, and the wrong kind of nose." Studio heads attempted to mold her into a more marketable image, even experimenting with cosmetic alterations to make her resemble Shirley Temple. 

Garland in a publicity photo for Pigskin Parade (1936)

Years of stress, prescription drug use, and smoking took a toll, and by the time of her death at 47, many remarked that she looked far older than her age.

FASHION Judy Garland’s style journey spanned from wholesome Americana to timeless Hollywood glamour. Her most iconic look remains the blue-and-white gingham dress and ruby slippers she wore as Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz—an outfit forever etched into pop culture history.

As she matured into a celebrated stage and screen performer, her fashion embraced elegance and sophistication. Garland favored strapless gowns for concerts and red-carpet appearances, often paired with classic updos, kitten heels, floral prints, and the occasional feather boa. One of her most memorable looks—a periwinkle gown worn in A Star Is Born (1954)—later inspired Lady Gaga’s ensemble at the 2019 Golden Globes.

Offstage, Garland preferred a more understated wardrobe, frequently wearing neutral tones and classic cuts. While many of her contemporaries adopted the flashy trends of the '60s, Garland remained true to a refined, timeless aesthetic. Her stage costumes, however, were often dazzling creations—sequined gowns designed to shimmer under concert spotlights and amplify her larger-than-life presence. (1)

CHARACTER Judy Garland possessed a deeply complex personality, shaped by vulnerability, resilience, and a profound emotional intensity. Onstage and off, she had an engaging presence and a spontaneous approach to performing that made her feel unmistakably real. Colleagues often remarked on her ability to connect with audiences on a raw, emotional level—her performances seemed to give voice to feelings others couldn’t express.

Beneath the sparkle, though, lay deep insecurities. As her career progressed, she could be demanding and at times difficult to work with—traits often amplified by exhaustion, personal struggles, and the relentless pressure of show business.

Even as a child, Garland showed signs of a compulsive drive—an urgent need for approval and affection that never fully left her. Those who knew her best described her as someone who communicated for the audience, giving voice to pain, longing, and joy in a way that made people feel seen and understood.

SPEAKING VOICE Judy Garland’s speaking voice was noted for its earnest, wide-eyed quality—an innocence that conveyed youthfulness and emotional sincerity to audiences. She spoke with a distinctive Midwestern American accent, marked by clear diction and a natural warmth. While her speech carried traces of the "Transatlantic accent" favored by many Golden Age Hollywood stars, hers was subtler and less affected than some of her more polished contemporaries.

In later years, some observers noted that she occasionally slurred her words when speaking, though Garland was quick to point out that her thoughts remained sharp and unclouded. Like her singing, her speaking voice was rich in emotional authenticity. In interviews, she was articulate, reflective, and often disarmingly honest. When telling stories—especially those laced with humor—she became animated, using playful vocal inflections and comic timing that revealed her innate talent for performance in any setting.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Judy Garland was celebrated not only for her voice and dramatic talent but also for her razor-sharp wit and flair for outrageous storytelling. Her humor was often self-deprecating and delightfully irreverent—she had a particular fondness for fart jokes and physical comedy, which could leave her and those around her in fits of laughter. 

Garland had a natural gift for timing and mimicry, often doing pitch-perfect impressions of people she knew. She could spin everyday mishaps—like battles with stubborn inanimate objects—into comedy gold. Her stories ranged from the absurd, such as Marlene Dietrich’s alleged album of nothing but applause, to colorful tales from her vaudeville days, featuring larger-than-life characters like “Happy Harry.”

Her humor wasn’t just for show—it often acted as a shield. She used comedy as a way to deflect pain or lighten the weight of more serious topics, masking vulnerability with punchlines. Those close to her admired her comic brilliance, but also recognized when the mask slipped. As Garland herself once put it, there came a time when it was “high time to cut the comedy” and speak her truth.

RELATIONSHIPS Judy Garland had a complex personal life marked by five marriages and numerous relationships.

David Rose Her first husband was composer David Rose whom she married in a spontaneous ceremony in Las Vegas when she was just 19. During this marriage, she was forced to have an abortion when she became pregnant. They divorced in 1944.

Vincente Minnelli  Her second husband was director Vincente Minnelli with whom she had her first child, Liza Minnelli. They had a lavish wedding at the Lee Mansion in Beverly Hills, California on June 15, 1945 but divorced in 1951.

Sidney Luft: Her longest marriage was to producer Sidney Luft (1952-1965), lasting 13 years. They tied a knot in a private ceremony in Hollister, California. They had two children: Lorna Luft (born 1952) and Joey Luft (born 1955). It was also arguably her most tumultuous marriage.

Mark Herron Her fourth marriage was to actor and tour promoter Mark Herron. They wed in Las Vegas, Nevada, in the early hours of November 14, 1965. It lasted two years.

Mickey Deans: Her final marriage was to musician Mickey Deans in a small ceremony at Chelsea Register Office, London, on March 15, 1969, just three months before her death. At the time of her marriage to Deans, she reportedly said, "Finally, finally, I am loved".

Mickey Deans and Garland at their London wedding in March 1969 by Allan Warren

All of her marriages were reportedly stormy and troubled, often complicated by her substance abuse and mental health issues. 

She maintained close friendships with many in Hollywood, including Mickey Rooney and Frank Sinatra, and had a particularly devoted fan base, especially within the LGBTQ+ community.

MONEY AND FAME Despite her extraordinary fame and success, Judy Garland faced ongoing financial struggles throughout her life. Though she earned $150,000 per film at the height of her MGM career and was making $1,000 a week by the time she turned 20, much of her income was controlled or mismanaged by others. She began at MGM on just $100 a week, and as her star rose, so did the financial pressures. Managers and agents reportedly embezzled large sums from her, with Garland later saying she had been “robbed blind.”

Her wealth was further eroded by a series of costly divorces, mounting medical bills, and chronic mismanagement of her finances. Despite being one of the most recognizable entertainers in the world, Garland was frequently in debt and forced to work relentlessly to support herself and her children. In her final years, during her 1968–1969 concert run in London, she was in a state of financial distress—relying on advances, loans, and last-minute performances just to make ends meet.

Her increasingly fragile health and reputation for being unreliable made it harder to find steady work, compounding her financial instability. For Garland, the glamour of stardom was often overshadowed by the harsh reality of having to perform simply to survive.

FOOD AND DRINK Judy Garland’s relationship with food was shaped by a lifetime of studio interference and body image pressures. From a young age, MGM subjected her to harsh, restrictive diets in an effort to control her appearance. By the time she was 18, her daily intake was reduced to little more than chicken soup, black coffee, and a staggering 80 cigarettes, along with prescription appetite suppressants. Studio executives were known to physically take food away from her if they thought she was eating too much.

Constantly hungry, Garland often fantasized about indulgent treats—especially chocolate sundaes topped with pecans and whipped cream. One of her favorite meals, however, was a wholesome vegetable salad first prepared by her mother. The dish included lettuce hearts, cubed celery, watercress, grated carrots, sliced tomatoes, seeded and quartered olives, chopped endive, and cooked green peas, all tossed by hand in a tangy French-style dressing of olive oil, vinegar, salt, paprika, minced garlic, and a touch of sugar—Garland insisted on mixing it herself, preferring hands to wooden utensils.

As she grew older, her eating habits became increasingly erratic. Periods of binge eating often followed intense dieting, contributing to a cycle of physical and emotional turmoil. Her third husband, Sid Luft, noted her love for hearty comfort food, particularly dishes like spaghetti. The constant battle with weight—fueled by diet pills and unrealistic expectations—played a significant role in her struggles with substance abuse. Combined with heavy alcohol use in later years, these habits took a serious toll on her health and ultimately contributed to her untimely death. (2)

MOVIE CAREER Judy Garland’s movie career is one of those great Hollywood tales that reads like a cross between a fairy tale and a cautionary pamphlet. Over the course of more than 30 feature films, she went from precocious vaudeville kid to one of the most luminous musical stars the world has ever seen—all while navigating studios, stage mothers, starvation diets, and a professional schedule that would make even caffeine tremble.

Garland signed with MGM at the age of 13, a decision that, like most things in her life, would prove both fortuitous and quietly harrowing. Her screen debut came with Pigskin Parade (1936), a football comedy of such fluffy inconsequence that no one expected it to produce a voice like hers—a voice that could knock your socks off and iron them flat at the same time.

Then came The Wizard of Oz (1939), and everything changed. At just 16, Garland was plopped into gingham, paired with a lion, a tin man, and a scarecrow, and instructed to sing a ballad about somewhere over the rainbow. It turned out to be one of cinema’s most iconic moments. The rainbow never stood a chance.

Garland in a publicity photo for The Wizard of Oz (1939)

What followed was a decade of nonstop musical cheer—at least on the screen. Off-screen, MGM kept her on a diet that made a celery stick look indulgent and fed her a steady cocktail of amphetamines and anxiety. Yet somehow, Garland glowed. She starred in a flurry of classic MGM musicals, including:

Babes in Arms (1939)

Strike Up the Band (1940)

Ziegfeld Girl (1941)

For Me and My Gal (1942)—Gene Kelly’s screen debut, lucky man

Girl Crazy (1943)

Meet Me in St. Louis (1944)—where she sang “The Trolley Song” and made public transportation sound like a romantic adventure

The Harvey Girls (1946)

Easter Parade (1948)—with Fred Astaire, because who else?

Summer Stock (1950)—Gene Kelly again, and a stage number with a battered tuxedo and a pile of newspapers that should be studied in film schools and possibly worshipped.

Garland wasn’t just all show tunes and smiles. She proved herself in straight roles too, notably in The Clock (1945), where she didn’t sing a note and still held the screen with heart-thumping presence.

After leaving MGM in 1950—under a haze of exhaustion, pill dependency, and a general desire to stay alive—Garland staged one of the great comebacks in A Star Is Born (1954). Her role as Esther Blodgett (aka Vicki Lester) was so heartbreakingly good it earned her an Academy Award nomination. She didn’t win, of course, but neither did justice that year.

Her later film appearances were fewer but still potent. She nabbed another Oscar nomination for Judgment at Nuremberg (1961), voiced a cat in Gay Purr-ee (1962), and gave her final on-screen performance in I Could Go on Singing (1963), a film that now feels both prophetic and impossibly poignant.

Along the way, Garland worked with a murderers’ row of Hollywood legends—Mickey Rooney, Gene Kelly, Fred Astaire, James Mason—most of whom were a few inches taller and many pounds heavier, but none of whom outshone her.

She received two Oscar nominations (and deserved a dozen), and was awarded a special Academy Juvenile Award in 1939 for being the only teenager who could hold up an entire film studio while wearing pigtails.

Garland’s filmography remains a masterclass in show business magic—equal parts brilliance and burnout. She made musicals matter, turned heartbreak into art, and left behind a legacy so big it still echoes down Hollywood Boulevard. That she did all this while barely clearing five feet tall makes it even more remarkable.

If there’s a yellow brick road in cinema history, Judy Garland paved it—with glitter, guts, and a heartbreakingly beautiful voice.

SINGING CAREER Judy Garland's singing career spanned nearly five decades and included vaudeville, movies, radio, concert halls, and television—sometimes all at once—and somehow managed to produce not just memorable performances but whole chapters in the history of 20th-century popular music. If there was a way to sing to an audience, Garland found it—and did it better than anyone else.

Garland got her start at the tender age of two-and-a-half—an age when most children can’t be trusted to operate a spoon—singing with her sisters as The Gumm Sisters in the family vaudeville act. Even then, people noticed. Her voice had a maturity and emotional weight that defied the fact she still had baby teeth.

By 13, she was signed to MGM, where her extraordinary contralto voice—rich, brassy, and somehow heartbreakingly human—cut through studio gloss like a foghorn in a cathedral.

If you only know Judy Garland from The Wizard of Oz, you’re not alone. That performance of “Over the Rainbow” in 1939 became her calling card and has remained stubbornly lodged in the public consciousness ever since. 

But that was just the beginning. Garland went on to star in one golden-age musical after another—Meet Me in St. Louis, Summer Stock, Easter Parade—each bursting with original songs that became standards simply by passing through her vocal cords. “The Trolley Song,” “The Man That Got Away,” “Get Happy”—these weren’t just performances, they were public service announcements from the Department of Emotion.

On record, she was just as commanding. Between 1936 and 1947, she recorded more than 90 tracks for Decca, and from 1955 to 1965, she made a dozen lush, orchestrated albums for Capitol Records, working with the best arrangers in the business—Nelson Riddle and Gordon Jenkins among them. Imagine handing your heartbreak to a full orchestra and somehow making it swing. That was Garland’s gift.

After her break with MGM—largely due to exhaustion and the minor issue of being treated like a performing machine—Garland reinvented herself as a live performer. Her 1951 tour of Britain and Ireland was met with standing ovations and actual weeping, and her comeback at New York’s Palace Theatre was such a triumph that the theatre briefly renamed itself “The House That Judy Built.” She even got a special Tony Award for the trouble.

Then came Carnegie Hall, 1961. If you’ve never heard Judy at Carnegie Hall, do yourself a favor: find it, sit down, and prepare to be emotionally walloped. It’s widely regarded as one of the greatest live albums of all time. It won five Grammys, including Album of the Year, and has never gone out of print. Think about that—never. Not even in the CD clearance bin era.

In 1963, she got her own CBS variety show—The Judy Garland Show—which was critically adored and nominated for four Emmys before being unceremoniously canceled after one season. This is widely considered one of the dumbest decisions in television history, second only to giving Chevy Chase a talk show.

What made Garland’s voice so unforgettable wasn’t just the power—though it could rattle windows—or the technical polish, which was extraordinary. It was the way she sang like she’d lived the lyrics. Every note felt personal, every phrase had a little story tucked inside. She didn’t sing at you, she sang to you—and somehow, for you.

She could deliver torch songs with aching vulnerability, belt out showstoppers with floor-shaking intensity, and phrase a line so naturally it felt like she was making it up on the spot. Even her breathing was expressive. You got the sense that when Judy Garland sang, nothing else in the universe dared to make a sound.

Garland kept singing through the 1960s, even as her health declined and personal struggles piled up like unpaid hotel bills. There were television specials, more concerts, a few brilliant moments, and many heartbreaking ones. But the voice—weathered though it was—never stopped reaching people.

Frank Sinatra, a man not known for understatements, once said, “She will have a mystic survival. She was the greatest. The rest of us will be forgotten, but never Judy.”

He was right. Judy Garland didn’t just sing songs—she made them into landmarks. She gave her voice to the lonely, the hopeful, the dreamers, and the down-and-out. And somehow, in doing that, she made all of us feel just a little more human.

MUSIC AND ARTS Judy Garland possessed a strong contralto voice celebrated for its emotional depth and versatility. Her singing style was described as brassy, powerful, effortless and resonant, with the ability to "aim straight at our central nervous systems". She was known for her extraordinary ability to convey emotion through song, making each song uniquely hers without taking anything away from the original. 

Garland won two Grammy Awards for her 1961 album Judy at Carnegie Hall - for Album of the Year and Best Solo Vocal Performance. Six of her recordings have been inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. 

She was a triple threat (singer, dancer, actress) who excelled in all areas, leaving behind a legacy of timeless performances that continue to influence artists today.

LITERATURE Judy Garland was an avid reader despite her interrupted formal education and enjoyed writing stories herself. 

As a student of great poets, she was especially drawn to Shelley, Keats, and Browning. Garland wrote and published her own poetry, creating a book titled Thoughts and Poems around 1939-1940. This collection contained eight poems with themes of loss, love, and questioning reality, and showed a classical influence, possibly from Homer's works. Her poems were described as "raw yet whimsical". 

Throughout Garland's career, she made recordings in preparation for a memoir, but the project never materialized. She had planned to title her memoirs Ho-Hum. 

NATURE Her Bel Air home featured lush lawns, extensive gardens, and an orchard. The Hollywood Hills property included bamboo, banana-leaf trees, and tropical plants. Her later Malibu home was beachfront property where she lived with her family. 

PETS Judy Garland developed a close relationship with Terry, the Cairn Terrier who played Toto in The Wizard of Oz. Terry was seriously injured during filming when one of the Winkie guards accidentally stepped on her paw, and the dog spent two weeks recuperating at Judy Garland's residence. During this time, Garland developed such a close attachment to Terry that she offered to buy the dog from her trainer Carl Spitz, but he refused to sell. 

Terry as Toto, with Judy Garland

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Her schedule left little time for hobbies, but she loved music, movies, and spending time with her children. She wasn’t known for participating in sports.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Judy Garland was baptized and raised an Episcopalian, thanks in part to her godfather, a man so devoted (and wealthy) that he reportedly funded the establishment of an Episcopal church in Grand Rapids simply because there wasn’t one. That’s the kind of godparenting that sets the bar unreasonably high.

But Garland’s relationship with religion was complicated and not easily defined. When asked in a 1967 interview whether she was religious, she gave a classic Judy response: “I’m not a fanatically religious... do you mean, do I believe in God? Of course I believe in God.” It was the kind of answer that politely tiptoed around the question and hoped the interviewer would move on.

She never seemed entirely comfortable talking about religion in public, and there’s reason to think her personal experiences made the subject a bit thorny. Her father’s homosexuality, which caused scandal and forced the family to relocate more than once, may have strained her trust in religious institutions. Her maternal grandfather, a self-proclaimed agnostic who apparently had no qualms about declaring it loudly, likely added to her tendency toward a more questioning, less dogmatic faith.

Garland didn’t marry exclusively within her faith—two of her five husbands were Jewish—and she didn’t appear particularly bothered by that. Her outlook seemed less about rituals and more about behavior. “The real expression of your religious beliefs,” she once said, “is shown in the daily pattern of your life, in what you do.” In other words, be kind, be honest, do your best.

So while she clearly believed in God, she also maintained a distance from organized religion. (3)

POLITICS A lifelong Democrat with a strong sense of social justice, Garland was relatively active in liberal political circles and had a particular soft spot for underdogs, misfits, and anyone being unfairly picked on—which, all things considered, may have been a reflection of her own life story.

She was a member of the Hollywood Democratic Committee, which in those days was essentially a club for people who liked Franklin Roosevelt, unions, and singing patriotic medleys with conviction. She put her money where her ideals were too, contributing to campaigns for FDR, Henry Wallace, Adlai Stevenson, John F. Kennedy, and Robert Kennedy—all the heavy hitters of mid-century Democratic politics. If there was a cocktail fundraiser involving cigarettes, canapés, and civil liberties, Judy was probably there.

In 1947, at the height of postwar paranoia, Garland took a public stand against the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), which was busily attempting to root out communists in the film industry, one melodramatic subpoena at a time. On a national radio broadcast, she took the committee to task for its witch-hunt mentality, saying firmly: “We’re show business, yes—but we’re also American citizens… it’s something else again to say we’re not good Americans. We resent that.” Which was, in context, about as close as Hollywood got to a mic drop.

She also supported the Hollywood Ten (a group of screenwriters and directors blacklisted for refusing to cooperate with HUAC) and lent her voice to civil rights causes during the 1960s. Her politics would be considered solidly liberal even by modern standards—though it’s worth noting that some of her views, particularly around gender roles and dependency, might spark lively debates among present-day feminists.

Garland was also strikingly comfortable in LGBTQ+ spaces long before that was fashionable—or even safe. She frequented gay bars, had many gay friends, and appeared unbothered by what anyone thought about it. 

Her activism wasn’t the performative kind. It wasn’t about grand speeches or waving banners from balconies. It was consistent with the rest of her character—intensely emotional, instinctively empathetic, and drawn to the voices most likely to be drowned out. (3)

SCANDAL Judy Garland's life was marked by numerous scandals and controversies. The trouble started early. By the time she was a teenager, Judy had been fed a cocktail of amphetamines to wake her up, barbiturates to put her to sleep, and cigarettes to keep her waistline camera-ready. These were not prescriptions. They were studio policy. The net result was a lifelong dependence on substances that would eventually erode her health, reputation, and, occasionally, her memory of song lyrics mid-performance.

Her personal life—five marriages, five divorces—played out like a soap opera with musical numbers. Her first husband, David Rose, reportedly pressured her into an abortion, setting the tone for relationships that were often as emotionally turbulent as her onstage performances. Sid Luft, husband number three and sometimes manager, later claimed she attempted suicide at least 20 times—though in fairness, Luft was never known for understatement.

She could be, and often was, unreliable. Missed shows, late arrivals, and sudden cancellations were so common they practically became part of the ticket price. Audiences in London in 1969, fed up with delays and erratic performances, reportedly hurled bread rolls and cocktail glasses at the stage—surely not what MGM had in mind when it dreamed of global stardom for Dorothy Gale.

Then there were the lawsuits—so many lawsuits. Promoters sued her for walking out on contracts; venues fired her for failing to show up; and gossip columnists had an absolute field day chronicling every stumble. One particularly disturbing allegation came years after The Wizard of Oz wrapped, when Garland claimed she’d been groped by some of the actors playing munchkins. Whether or not those stories were exaggerated, they reflect the broader truth: Garland often lacked the basic protections that modern performers now expect—and deserve.

Her finances, too, were a slow-motion train wreck. Despite earning astronomical sums, she was frequently broke, her money siphoned away by mismanagement, manipulation, and a constant need to finance the lifestyle others expected of her. At various points, she owed more than she earned, and by the end of her life, even her grocery bills required loans.

Worst of all, perhaps, was the way the press turned her into a living tragedy. Every stumble became a headline; every moment of instability became a narrative about “poor Judy.” She hated this depiction, once lamenting, “I’m always being painted a more tragic figure than I am.” She wasn’t wrong. Garland could be funny, feisty, and wickedly sharp when she wasn’t being flattened into a cautionary tale.

MILITARY RECORD Garland's work at MGM during the 1940s included films that supported the war effort and boosted morale on the home front. She also performed at various USO-type events and military hospitals. 

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Judy Garland's health was severely compromised throughout most of her life due to drug abuse, eating disorders, and the pressures of stardom. Her health was a long, painful saga of pills, pressure, and punishing expectations.

The trouble started absurdly early. By the age of 8 or 9, she was already being handed amphetamines to pep her up for performances, then barbiturates to bring her back down again so she could sleep—usually in a studio dressing room, in a corset, under a pile of stress. By 17, she was thoroughly dependent on both. 

The list of ailments that followed reads less like a health chart and more like the inventory of a small hospital. The Los Angeles Times obituary noted she suffered from hepatitis, exhaustion, kidney troubles, nervous breakdowns, injuries from falls, near-fatal drug reactions, and the unending whiplash of yo-yo dieting. She was at various times declared overweight, underweight, or simply “inappropriate-looking” by people who apparently hadn’t looked in a mirror themselves in decades.

She made her first suicide attempt at age 28 and would try again more than once. Through it all, Garland kept performing—on stage, on film, on television—sometimes while so physically weakened she could barely stand. One colleague remarked that she seemed to function purely on willpower and adrenaline, like a jet engine fueled by applause.

The drinking didn’t help. Nor did the chain-smoking. By the time she was in her 40s, her liver was shot, her body was exhausted, and her face—once round and radiant—showed the kind of wear usually reserved for people twice her age. Her final years were spent in a cycle of hospitalizations, cancelled performances, and desperate attempts to stay afloat. (4)

HOMES Judy Garland lived in numerous residences throughout her life. Her first home was in Grand Rapids, Minnesota, where she was born. This childhood home is now a museum and can be visited. When she was four, the family moved to Lancaster, California. 

After signing with MGM at 13, she lived in various Los Angeles area homes. In 1938, at age 16, she and her mother commissioned architect Wallace Neff to build a custom Bel Air home. This East Coast traditional-style home spans 5,500 square feet with five bedrooms and seven bathrooms on 2.66 acres. 

From 1944-1948, she lived in a Hollywood Hills mansion designed by architect John Woolf. This Art Deco-style home later belonged to Sammy Davis Jr. and features five bedrooms, eight bathrooms, a pool house, and extensive gardens. 

She also owned a Malibu beachfront property on Las Tunas Beach built in 1947, where she lived with Vincente Minnelli and daughter Liza in the late 1940s and early 1950s. 

In her final years, she lived in London in a rented mews house in the Belgravia area. 

Her various homes reflected both her success and financial instability, as she often had to sell properties due to money troubles. Many of her former homes have been sold for millions of dollars and remain sought-after properties.

TRAVEL As a child, she toured across America with her sisters as The Gumm Sisters, performing in vaudeville theaters around the country. Her early travels included a working/vacation trip to California in 1926 when the family moved west. 

She made a promotional tour for Everybody Sing in 1938, visiting cities including Detroit, Chicago, Columbus, and her hometown of Grand Rapids, Minnesota. 

Her concert career involved extensive travel, including a critically acclaimed 1951 engagement at the London Palladium.

In 1964, Garland made a dramatic trip to Hong Kong while fleeing hostile press coverage from an Australian tour. During this Hong Kong visit, she was rushed to Canossa Hospital where she spent 15 hours in a coma after an overdose, and was briefly reported dead. It was during this trip that she met Peter Allen, who later married her daughter Liza Minnelli. 

She made her final concert appearance in Copenhagen, Denmark on March 25, 1969. 

DEATH Judy Garland died on June 22, 1969, at age 47 in London, England. She was found dead in the bathroom of her rented mews house in the Belgravia district by her fifth husband, Mickey Deans. The cause of death was ruled as "Barbiturate poisoning (quinabarbitone) incautious self-overdosage. Accidental" by London coroner Dr. Gavin Thurston. There was also evidence of cirrhosis of the liver from her alcohol abuse. The coroner stated: "This is quite clearly an accidental circumstance to a person who was accustomed to taking barbiturates over a very long time. She took more barbiturates than she could tolerate". She had been performing at London's Talk of the Town cabaret club in early 1969. Her death occurred just 12 days after her 47th birthday and three months after marrying Mickey Deans.

 There was no evidence she had committed suicide. She had attempted suicide multiple times throughout her life, but this final overdose was ruled accidental. Her daughter Liza Minnelli said of her mother's death: "When she died, I almost knew why... She let her guard down. She didn't die from an overdose. I think she just got tired".  (5)

Judy Garland’s funeral was held on June 27, 1969, five days after her death. The service took place at Campbell Funeral Chapel in New York City and was attended by around 1,500 mourners, with thousands more lining the streets outside. James Mason, her A Star Is Born co-star, gave the eulogy.

Initially, she was interred at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York. However, in 2017, her remains were moved by her family to Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Los Angeles, California, where she now rests in a pink-marble mausoleum specially designed by her children. Her new resting place is fittingly close to the heart of the industry that both made and unmade her.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Judy Garland's life and legacy have been extensively documented in various media:

1. Biographies: Numerous books, including Judy by David Shipman, Get Happy: The Life of Judy Garland by Gerald Clarke, and Judy Garland: The Secret Life of an American Legend by Sheridan Morley and Ruth Leon.

2. Biopics: Judy (2019), starring Renée Zellweger, who won an Academy Award for her portrayal.

Life with Judy Garland: Me and My Shadows (2001), a TV miniseries starring Judy Davis.

3. Documentaries: Many documentaries have explored her life, career, and struggles.

4. Stage Shows: Her life has inspired several stage productions, including End of the Rainbow.

ACHIEVEMENTS Academy Juvenile Award (1940): For her outstanding performance as Dorothy in The Wizard of Oz.

Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy (1955): For A Star Is Born.

Grammy Awards: Album of the Year and Best Female Vocal Performance (1962): For Judy at Carnegie Hall. and Lifetime Achievement Award (1997): Posthumously.

Tony Award (Special Award, 1952): For her contribution to the revival of vaudeville at the Palace Theatre.

Cultural Icon: Her rendition of "Over the Rainbow" became an anthem of hope and resilience, and she remains a beloved figure, particularly within the LGBTQ+ community.

Legendary Performer: Recognized as one of the greatest entertainers of all time, known for her unparalleled vocal talent and emotional depth.

Posthumous Honors: Inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame multiple times, and her recordings are preserved in the National Recording Registry.

Sources: (1) The Evening Standard (2) The Telegraph (3) Hollow Verse (4) Los Angeles Times (5) People