Tuesday 5 November 2024

Just Posted

Here's my most recently posted Trivial Biographies:

Joseph Conrad

Giovanni Belzoni
Sean Connery
Confucius
Commodus
G. K. Chesterton
Christopher Columbus
Saint Columba
William Colgate
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
William "Buffalo Bill" Cody

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Sunday 3 November 2024

Index

Joseph Conrad Sean Connery
Confucius
Commodus
Christopher Columbus
Saint Columba
William Colgate
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
William "Buffalo Bill" Cody
William Cobbett
Kurt Cobain
Clovis I
George Clooney
Robert Clive
Hillary Clinton
Bill Clinton
Grover Cleveland
Cleopatra
Claudius


William Clark
Eric Clapton
André-Gustave Citroën
Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus
Cicero
Winston Churchill
John Chrysostom
Saint Christopher
Christina, Queen of Sweden
Agatha Christie
Frédéric Chopin
Thomas Chippendale
Julia Child
Maurice Chevalier
G. K. Chesterton
Anton Chekhov
Geoffrey Chaucer
Ray Charles
Charles VIII of France
Charles VII of France
Charles VI of France
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles III


Charles II of England
Charles I of England
Charlemagne
Charlie Chaplin
Coco Chanel
Raymond Chandler
Jackie Chan
Neville Chamberlain
Paul Cézanne
Miguel de Cervantes
Saint Cecilia
William Caxton
Henry Cavendish
Edith Cavell
Catherine the Great
Catherine, Princess of Wales
Catherine of Aragon
Fidel Castro
Butch Cassidy
Johnny Cash


Giacomo Casanova
George Washington Carver
Caravaggio
Enrico Caruso
Edmund Cartwright
Barbara Cartland
Louis-François Cartier
Jacques Cartier
Jimmy Carter
Rachel Carson
Johnny Carson
Lewis Carroll
Jim Carrey
Sabrina Carpenter
Andrew Carnegie


Thomas Carlyle
William Carey
Mariah Carey
Truman Capote
Al Capone
King Canute
Albert Camus
Queen Camilla
David Cameron
John Calvin
Maria Callas
James Callaghan
Caligula
Michael Caine
Julius Caesar


Caedmon
John Cadbury
Lord Byron
William Byrd
George W. Bush
George H. W. Bush
Richard Burton
Edgar Rice Burroughs
Aaron Burr
Robert Burns
Edmund Burke
John Bunyan
Warren Buffet
The Buddha
James Buchanan
Kobe Bryant
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Beau Brummell
Robert Browning


Elizabeth Browning
James Brown
Gordon Brown
Capability Brown
Phillips Brooks
Mel Brooks
Louise Brooks
Garth Brooks
Rupert Brooke
Emily Brontë
Charlotte Brontë
Benjamin Britten
Leonid Brezhnev
Bertolt Brecht
Eva Braun
Richard Branson
Marlon Brando
Louis Braille
Johannes Brahms
Tycho Brahe
Don Bradman
Ray Bradbury
Robert Boyle
David Bowie
Clara Bow
Boudicca


Sandro Botticelli
Ian Botham
Alexander Borodin
Lucrezia Borgia
Cesare Borgia
Björn Borg
William Booth
John Wilkes Booth
Daniel Boone
Bono
Bonnie Prince Charlie
Saint Boniface
Pope Boniface VIII
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
Usain Bolt
Simon Bolivar
Anne Boleyn
Humphrey Bogart
Boethius
Giovanni Boccaccio
Enid Blyton
Amelia Bloomer
Mel Blanc
William Blake
Tony Blair
Elizabeth Blackwell
Antoinette Brown Blackwell
Blackbeard
Georges Bizet
Otto Von Bismarck
László Bíró
Clarence Birdseye
Osama bin Laden
Billy the Kid
Simone Biles
Steve Biko
Justin Bieber
Joe Biden


Jeff Bezos
Beyoncé
John Betjeman
George Best
Chuck Berry
Yogi Berra
Leonard Bernstein
Sarah Bernhardt
Tim Berners-Lee
Bernard of Clairvaux
Saint Bernadette
Hector Berlioz
Irving Berlin
Ingrid Bergman
Karl Benz
Jeremy Bentham
E. F. Benson
St. Benedict of Nursia
Pope Benedict XVI
Giovanni Belzoni
Saul Bellow
Hilaire Belloc
Alexander Graham Bell
Isabella Beeton
Ludwig van Beethoven


Lyman Beecher
Henry Ward Beecher
Catherine Beecher
The Venerable Bede
David Beckham
Samuel Beckett
Thomas Becket
Boris Becker
Franz Beckenbauer
Sidney Bechet
Warren Beatty
John Bartram
Clara Barton
Karl Barth
J. M. Barrie
P. T. Barnum
Thomas John Barnardo
Brigitte Bardot
Samuel Barber
Saint Barbara
Joseph Banks
Lucille Ball
Arthur Balfour
Stanley Baldwin
Josephine Baker
John Logie Baird
Douglas Bader
Robert Baden-Powell
Roger Bacon
Francis Bacon
Johann Sebastian Bach
Lauren Bacall


Charles Babbage
Gladys Aylward
Gene Autry
Jane Austen
Marcus Aurelius
Augustus
St. Augustine of Canterbury
St. Augustine of Hippo
Saint Audrey
Clement Attlee
Attila the Hun
Charles Atlas
Rowan Atkinson
Æthelstan
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
John Jacob Astor
Fred Astaire
H. H. Asquith
Isaac Asimov
Ashoka the Great
Laura Ashley
Francis Asbury
King Arthur
Chester A. Arthur
Benedict Arnold
Neil Armstrong


Louis Armstrong
Lance Armstrong
Edwin Howard Armstrong
Giorgio Armani
Richard Arkwright
Aristotle
Aristophanes
Elizabeth Arden
Archimedes
Jeffrey Archer
Yasser Arafat
Thomas Aquinas
Johnny Appleseed
Marcus Gavius Apicius
Mark Antony
Susan B. Anthony
Anthony of Padua
Anthony the Great
Anselm of Canterbury
Saint Ansgar
Anne, Queen of Great Britain
Anne, Princess Royal
Anne Of Cleves
Maya Angelou
Saint Andrew
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Tuesday 1 January 2013

Joseph Conrad

 NAME Joseph Conrad (born Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski)

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Joseph Conrad is celebrated as one of the greatest English novelists. A master of psychological realism, Conrad is renowned for his exploration of the human condition, particularly in the context of isolation, moral ambiguity, and the psychological impact of colonialism. His novels are characterized by their complex narratives, vivid imagery, and deep psychological insights.

BIRTH December 3, 1857, in Berdychiv, a town in present-day Ukraine that was part of the Kingdom of Poland before 1793 and was under Russian control at the time of his birth.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Conrad was born to Polish nobility with strong literary and patriotic ties. His parents, Apollo and Ewa Korzeniowski, were ardent supporters of Polish independence and were involved in revolutionary activities. His father was a writer and translator who influenced Conrad's later passion for literature.

CHILDHOOD Conrad’s early years were marked by political turbulence and personal loss. His parents’ activism led to their arrest and exile by Russian authorities. His mother died of tuberculosis when he was only seven, and his father died of the same disease when Conrad was eleven, leaving him orphaned at a young age.

EDUCATION Joseph Conrad's early education was primarily overseen by his father, Apollo Korzeniowski. As a young boy, Conrad was exposed to literature through his father, who translated works by Shakespeare and Victor Hugo. This early exposure to great literary works in Polish and French laid the foundation for Conrad's future as a writer.

Conrad's formal schooling was sporadic and limited: He briefly attended school in Krakow, Poland and also spent some time studying in Switzerland However, Conrad found traditional schooling boring and was not a particularly enthusiastic student. His uncle, Tadeusz Bobrowski, who became his guardian after his parents' deaths, attempted to provide him with a more structured education.

Due to his poor health and unsatisfactory performance in school, Conrad received a significant portion of his education through private tutoring. This individualized approach allowed for a more flexible curriculum, though it did not necessarily lead to academic excellence. Conrad reportedly excelled only in geography during this period.

Despite his irregular formal education, Conrad developed impressive linguistic abilities and became fluent in French with a correct accent. He also had some knowledge of Latin, German, and Greek

Much of Conrad's practical education came from his experiences as a sailor. At the age of 16, he left Poland to pursue a maritime career. His years at sea provided him with a wealth of knowledge about different cultures, geography, and human nature, which would later inform his writing.

CAREER RECORD 

1874 On October 13, 1874 Conrad's Uncle Tadeusz sent him to Marseilles, France, to start a career as a merchant sailor, He provided him with a monthly stipend of 150 francs.

1878 Conrad joined the British merchant marine, eventually becoming a captain and serving under the Red Ensign for fifteen years. His seafaring experiences deeply influenced his writing, particularly in Heart of Darkness and Lord Jim. 

1894 Conrad retired from the sea, largely due to health issues and the increasing pull of his literary ambitions.

1895 Conrad published his first novel, Almayer's Folly. His subsequent works, including Heart of Darkness, Lord Jim, and Nostromo, solidified his reputation as a major literary figure.

APPEARANCE Joseph Conrad was a man of striking physical presence. He was of medium height, but his build was robust and compact, giving him a solid and imposing stature. As he aged, his figure became more portly, adding to his distinctive appearance.

His face was characterized by strong features. A broad forehead hinted at his intellectual depth, while his deep-set eyes held a penetrating gaze. His thick, dark mustache was a prominent facial feature, contributing to his overall rugged and distinctive look.

Some observers, perhaps struck by the contrast between his physical strength and a certain grace, likened Conrad to "a trained baby elephant." This comparison, while unusual, captures the essence of his physical appearance: a sturdy, imposing figure with an underlying sense of poise and intelligence. 

Conrad in 1904 by George Charles Beresford

FASHION Conrad dressed elegantly but conservatively, often in styles that reflected his naval career, preferring simple, well-tailored attire rather than following fashion trends.

CHARACTER Described as introspective and intensely private, Conrad was a man of paradoxes. He was deeply empathetic yet skeptical, with a keen awareness of human failings. His difficult early life and seafaring years shaped his often philosophical and pessimistic worldview and his bouts of melancholy.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Though Conrad’s humor was subtle, he enjoyed wit and irony, often using humor to illustrate the absurdities of human nature and the contradictions of modern society.

Conrad uses wit to criticize imperialism, as seen in this quote from Heart of Darkness: "The conquest of the earth, which mostly means the taking it away from those who have a different complexion or slightly flatter noses than ourselves, is not a pretty thing when you look into it too much." This line employs subtle humor to highlight the absurdity and injustice of colonial practices.

Conrad repeatedly uses the phrase "dead hippo" in serious contexts, which creates a humorous effect due to the word's inherent silliness in English. For example, in Heart of Darkness, Marlow solemnly states, "you can't breathe dead hippo waking, sleeping, and eating, and at the same time keep your precarious grip on existence." The repetition of this phrase in grave situations creates a comical contrast.

RELATIONSHIPS Joseph Joseph married Jessie George, an Englishwoman, on March 24, 1896 in England. She was 23 years old at the time of their marriage and Conrad 38 years old. The couple had two sons together, named Borys and John.

This marriage marked a significant point in Conrad's personal life, as he settled into a more stable domestic situation after his years at sea.  Despite challenges in their marriage, especially regarding his health and financial instability, they remained together until his death.

Joseph Conrad had several notable friendships throughout his life, particularly with other writers and intellectuals. Ford Madox Ford was a close friend and collaborator. They worked together on the novel Romance (1904) and shared ideas about literary impressionism. Other prominent writer friends included John Galsworthy and H.G. Wells.

MONEY AND FAME Conrad struggled financially for much of his life. While he eventually achieved fame and critical acclaim, he often relied on advances from publishers and loans from friends to support his family. His gambling debts in his youth nearly led to disaster when, in 1878, he attempted suicide but was saved by his uncle, who helped pay off his debts.

FOOD AND DRINK  As a sailor, Conrad would have been accustomed to simple, hearty meals. Later, after settling in England, Conrad likely adapted to British cuisine of the late Victorian and Edwardian eras. His struggles with gout suggest he may have enjoyed rich foods and alcohol, as these were often associated with the condition.

MUSIC AND ARTS While not especially noted for an interest in music, Conrad had a deep appreciation for the arts, particularly visual art, admiring painters for their ability to capture complex, layered emotions in a single image.

LITERATURE Conrad measured the reviews of his books with a ruler, judging the quality of feedback by the length of the reviews. Despite this seemingly objective approach, he often felt deeply about literary criticism, valuing the respect of his peers. Writing in English, his third language, Conrad developed a unique narrative style that blended intricate language with profound psychological insight.

Joseph Conrad, a man who seemed to have wandered in from some exotic, far-flung corner of the British Empire, was actually a Polish fellow who didn’t speak a word of English until he was well into his twenties. A bit of a late bloomer, you might say. Yet, he not only learned the language but became one of its greatest masters, bringing a unique, foreign perspective to English literature.

Conrad’s stories and novels are filled with exotic locales, perilous sea voyages, and morally ambiguous characters. He had a knack for taking ordinary situations and turning them into gripping tales of human frailty and the darker side of the human soul. His writing style is often described as impressionistic, a kind of literary pointillism that paints vivid pictures with words.

While he was writing at the height of British imperial power, Conrad’s work often challenged the very foundations of the empire. His novels often exposed the darker side of colonialism, the psychological toll it took on both the colonizers and the colonized. He was a keen observer of human nature, a master of the psychological novel, and a writer who continues to fascinate and disturb readers to this day.

NATURE The natural world had a special place in Conrad’s work, especially the sea. His portrayal of nature often highlighted its unpredictable and dangerous beauty, reflecting his years as a seaman.

PETS While living in India, Conrad owned a pet monkey. However, he didn't keep the monkey for long after returning to England. The monkey's fate was sealed when it destroyed some of Conrad's papers, prompting the author to sell it

Conrad was known to have a pet bulldog, whom he was fond of, reflecting his somewhat rugged and stoic personality.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Aside from writing, Conrad enjoyed traveling, though his extensive maritime career somewhat lessened his enthusiasm for travel as a leisure activity. He also appreciated walks in nature, finding inspiration in quiet, scenic settings.

SCIENCE AND MATHS As a former sailor, Conrad possessed a sound knowledge of navigation and marine sciences, which he applied in his literary descriptions of sea life and maritime adventures.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Conrad's philosophy was characterized by religious skepticism, humanist ethics, a belief in absolute truth, and a focus on individual moral responsibility, all underpinned by a strong sense of skepticism towards dogmatic thinking. His writings reflect a deep awareness of human isolation, struggle, and moral ambiguity.


POLITICS Conrad was wary of politics, often expressing skepticism towards nationalist and imperialist agendas, despite his parents’ Polish patriotism. His ambivalence toward political ideology is visible in works like Nostromo, which critiques imperialism.

SCANDAL In March 1878, at the conclusion of his tenure in Marseilles, France, a 20-year-old Joseph Conrad faced a profound personal crisis. Struggling with significant gambling debts and battling depression, Conrad attempted to take his own life by shooting himself in the chest with a revolver. Fortunately, the attempt was unsuccessful, and he survived the ordeal. His uncle, Tadeusz Bobrowski, was swiftly summoned by a concerned friend and came to his rescue, paying off Conrad's debts and preventing further tragedy.

This harrowing event marked the end of Conrad's time in France. In April 1878, shortly after the suicide attempt, he transitioned to the British merchant marine, a move that would eventually pave the way for his illustrious literary career. In an effort to protect his reputation, Conrad later concealed the true nature of the incident, falsely attributing his injury to a duel—a fabrication likely influenced by the stigma surrounding suicide attempts within his Polish aristocratic and Catholic upbringing.

The reality of Conrad's suicide attempt remained hidden from the public eye until the 1950s, when a letter from his uncle detailing the incident was discovered. This revelation provided deeper insight into a pivotal moment in Conrad's life, highlighting the struggles he overcame and the resilience that would later be reflected in his profound literary works. 

MILITARY RECORD Though Conrad never served in the military, he held a fascination with the discipline and hierarchy inherent in naval life, often incorporating these themes into his novels.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Throughout his life, Conrad suffered from recurring health problems, including bouts of depression, exhaustion, and gout, which were exacerbated by the physical demands of his early seafaring career and later his intense writing schedule.

HOMES Conrad lived in various places in Poland and Ukraine as a child due to his family's political activism and exile. 

Nowy Świat 47, Warsaw, where Conrad lived with his parents in 1861 by Wistula

While Conrad traveled extensively during his seafaring years, he spent the latter part of his life (from 1896 onwards) primarily living in the Kent countryside in England, with his final decades spent in Bishopsbourne near Canterbury. His last home was called "Oswalds" in Bishopsbourne and the village hall is called "Conrad Hall" in his honour.

TRAVEL Conrad’s travels spanned continents, with his most significant journeys being the maritime adventures that inspired many of his novels. His journeys included voyages to Asia, Africa, and South America, which provided rich material for his storytelling.

DEATH Conrad died on August 3, 1924, at the age of 66 at his house, Oswalds, probably of a heart attack. He was buried in Canterbury Cemetery. His gravestone bears the words “Sleep after toyle, port after stormie seas,” a fitting tribute to his life.


APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Joseph Conrad’s works and life have influenced various forms of media, especially films, television, and even video games, thanks to his enduring themes of human nature, morality, and adventure. Here are some notable appearances and adaptations of his work:

1. Film Adaptations

Heart of Darkness (1939): Originally intended to be adapted by Orson Welles, this project was ultimately abandoned, but it later influenced other films, especially in terms of atmosphere and themes.

Apocalypse Now (1979): One of the most famous Conrad-inspired adaptations, Francis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now is a loose retelling of Heart of Darkness, set during the Vietnam War. In place of Conrad’s protagonist Marlow, Captain Willard searches for the elusive Colonel Kurtz, mirroring Marlow’s journey in Heart of Darkness.

The Secret Agent (1996): This film, starring Bob Hoskins, Patricia Arquette, and Gerard Depardieu, is a direct adaptation of Conrad’s novel The Secret Agent, exploring themes of political terrorism and anarchism.

Conrad’s work has influenced many filmmakers. The spaceship Nostromo in the 1979 sci-fi film Alien is named after the shipmate in his novel Nostromo, and the Sulaco in Aliens takes its name from the port town in the same novel.

2. Television Appearances

Heart of Darkness (1993): A made-for-TV film adaptation starring Tim Roth and John Malkovich, this more faithful adaptation of Heart of Darkness follows Conrad’s original story of Marlow’s journey into the Congo.

Nostromo (1996): Nostromo, Conrad’s novel set in a fictional South American country, was adapted into a BBC television miniseries, featuring an international cast, including Claudio Amendola and Colin Firth.

The 2014 BBC documentary-drama The Real Marigold Hotel briefly discusses Conrad’s life as part of a series on influential British writers, acknowledging his contribution to English literature despite not being a native English speaker.

3. Video Game Adaptations: 

Conrad’s influence extends into video games, with Heart of Darkness inspiring the atmospheric themes of psychological horror games like Spec Ops: The Line (2012), which follows a plot similar to Heart of Darkness with soldiers facing moral degradation in a foreign desert setting.

4. Music References

Musical References: Musicians and bands have referenced Conrad's works, especially Heart of Darkness, in song lyrics, often as metaphors for inner struggles or existential journeys.

ACHIEVEMENTS Conrad’s influence on English literature is profound. His works are lauded for their deep psychological insight and complex characters, and his achievements are especially remarkable given that he wrote in English, his third language. His unique perspective brought a fresh depth to themes of isolation, existentialism, and human morality, earning him a lasting place in literary history.

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Saturday 29 December 2012

Sean Connery

NAME Thomas Sean Connery

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Sean Connery is best known for his role as James Bond, originating the suave British secret agent on screen in Dr. No (1962) and solidifying the Bond character's legacy across seven films in the franchise. His career spanned six decades, making him a celebrated figure in cinema history.

BIRTH Connery was born on August 25, 1930, in Fountainbridge, Edinburgh, Scotland.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Raised in a working-class family, Connery's father was a lorry driver, and his mother was a cleaning lady. He grew up in poverty, which instilled in him a strong work ethic and sense of resilience. The family lived in an overcrowded tenement flat, and as a young child, Connery's cot was reportedly the bottom drawer of a cupboard.

CHILDHOOD Connery began working at an early age to support his family, taking on a milk delivery job around Edinburgh. One of his delivery stops was Fettes School, where, according to Bond creator Ian Fleming, Bond himself would later be "sent" following expulsion from Eton.

EDUCATION Connery's formal education was limited. He attended Tollcross elementary school, where he showed a remarkable aptitude for mathematics. At the age of 13, Connery left school to work full-time at a local dairy. Despite his short time in school, he developed a love for reading, particularly comic books

CAREER RECORD After leaving school, Connery took on various jobs to support himself and his family. These included working as a milkman for St. Cuthbert's Co-operative Society and, later, joining the Royal Navy at the age of 16. However, he was discharged three years later due to health issues.

Following his naval service, Connery worked a series of odd jobs, including lorry driver, lifeguard, laborer, artist's model, coffin polisher, bricklayer, and cement mixer.

At the age of 18, he began bodybuilding.

Connery transitioned to acting in the 1950s.

He gained international fame for his portrayal of James Bond in seven films.

Connery continued to have a successful acting career, starring in films such as The Untouchables, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, and The Rock.

APPEARANCE Sean Connery was a striking figure, standing at an impressive 6 feet 2 inches (188 cm) tall and weighing approximately 180 pounds (82 kg) during his prime. His tall, muscular build and ruggedly handsome features made him a captivating presence on screen.

As he aged, his distinctive features became even more pronounced. His eyebrows grew bushier, especially noticeable from the film Thunderball onwards. His dark hair, initially slicked back in his early Bond films like Dr. No and From Russia with Love, later transitioned to a side-parted style. To compensate for thinning hair, Connery wore wigs, particularly in later films, but embraced baldness in his private life.

This image of Sean Connery is from the collection of the ETH-Bibliothek 

FASHION Connery was renowned for his suave style, particularly his ability to effortlessly wear tailored suits. His tuxedo appearances, especially as James Bond, became iconic. In more casual settings, he favored a relaxed look, often seen in striped short-sleeved shirts, linen trousers, or even a pink dressing gown. Later in life, he occasionally incorporated elements of Scottish dress, such as tartan, into his red carpet attire.

CHARACTER Strong-willed, determined, and charismatic, Connery was known for his intense and commanding screen presence and his straightforward, no-nonsense personality. His early encounters with Edinburgh’s Valdor gang showcased his physical courage; he once fought off six gang members singlehandedly, earning their respect.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Connery possessed a dry, Scottish wit and wasn’t afraid to laugh at himself. He found humor in his life’s ironies, once saying about his experience in League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, "I made it… despite not understanding the script."

RELATIONSHIPS Connery was married twice. His first marriage was to Australian actress Diane Cilento who he wed on December 6, 1962. They divorced in 1973, after eleven years of marriage. Together, they had one son, Jason Connery, born in 1963. Years later, Cilento made allegations of abuse against Connery, which he vehemently denied.

Connery's first wife Diane Cilento in 1954

In 1970, Connery met Micheline Roquebrune, a Moroccan-French painter, at a golf tournament in Morocco. They married on May 6, 1975 and remained together until Connery's death in 2020. 

Their relationship was marked by a strong connection, despite language barriers. Connery often referred to Micheline as "an amazing woman" and "the love of my life." 

Micheline was a constant support for Connery, especially during his battle with dementia in his final years. She described him as a "gorgeous model of a man" after his passing.

MONEY AND FAME Despite his modest beginnings, Connery amassed significant wealth. He reportedly turned down a $400 million deal for the Gandalf role in Lord of the Rings because he didn’t understand it.

Connery was known for his shrewd business acumen and investments.

FOOD AND DRINK Connery was a fan of Scottish cuisine, often indulging in traditional dishes and fine Scotch whisky.

Connery was a connoisseur of fine wine, particularly enjoying red varieties. He was especially fond of Chilean Merlots, appreciating their value. His cellar also housed a selection of California wines, including some expensive vintages. During his time in Spain around 1975, he developed a taste for Vega Sicilia.

His passion for wine was further fueled by his annual trips to France with his friend David Murray. These visits allowed him to explore Murray's wine estates and sample a wide range of wines. Connery admired the French wine culture, noting the importance it held for everyone involved.

He was quick to point out that James Bond's wine expertise was a fictional creation developed by director Terence Young, rather than a reflection of his own knowledge at the time of filming.

MUSIC AND ARTS Sean Connery was a force of nature, a cinematic titan who roared onto the screen and redefined the spy genre. As the first man to play James Bond, he wasn’t just filling a role; he was carving it out of solid granite. With his brooding good looks, Scottish brogue, and that certain je ne sais quoi, he turned 007 into an icon. From the sleek sophistication of Dr. No to the outlandish adventure of You Only Live Twice, Connery owned the part.

But Connery wasn’t just a one-trick pony. He could do it all. He could be a brooding, tragic figure in The Hill, a cunning villain in Murder on the Orient Express, or a wise, world-weary mentor in Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. He was equally at home in highbrow dramas and popcorn blockbusters.

And let’s not forget his voice. That deep, gravelly rumble could turn a simple line of dialogue into a cinematic event. It was a voice that could soothe or intimidate, depending on the mood.

Connery was a true original, a man who left an indelible mark on the world of cinema. He was more than just an actor; he was a legend.

Connery had a lifelong interest in the arts, including music and painting, and his second wife, Micheline, is a painter.

LITERATURE Though he admitted to not fully understanding the Lord of the Rings trilogy, Connery held a love for literature, especially classic Scottish works. 

Later in life, concerned about his lack of education, Connery began reading classic literature, including works by Proust, Tolstoy, and Joyce

NATURE Connery maintained a deep connection to his Scottish heritage and countryside, which he celebrated in his tattoos reading “Scotland Forever” and “Mum and Dad.”

PETS Connery’s love for animals was expressed through various charitable efforts.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS In his youth, Connery was an avid bodybuilder and competed in the 1953 Mr. Universe competition. 

Before Hollywood came calling, he played football for Bonnyrigg Rose, a Scottish team. In fact, Manchester United's legendary manager, Matt Busby, offered him a contract, but Connery had other plans.

Golf became a lifelong passion, ignited by his role in Goldfinger. He took lessons, got hooked, and spent countless hours on the greens. Vancouver was a favorite golfing spot for him, with courses like Capilano, Furry Creek, Point Grey, and Shaughnessy seeing their fair share of his drives.

Tennis was another sport Connery followed closely. He was a regular at the U.S. Open, seen courtside in 2015 and 2017. 

Connery narrated the 1982 World Cup film.

Connery's dedication to fitness was evident throughout his life, which is perhaps why People magazine named him "sexiest man alive" in 1989, at the ripe old age of 59.

SCIENCE AND MATHS Connery's roles in spy films occasionally involved high-tech gadgets and scientific plotlines.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Connery valued loyalty and integrity and had strong personal convictions, shaped by his Scottish working-class roots and life experiences.

Connery was raised Catholic and took on roles that sometimes touched on religious themes, he did not publicly espouse a specific philosophical or theological stance. 

POLITICS Connery was a vocal advocate for Scottish independence and financially supported the Scottish National Party, reflecting his deep pride in his heritage.

SCANDAL Connery made controversial comments about slapping women, which were made in interviews in 1965 and 1987.

There were allegations of abuse from his first wife, Diane Cilento, which she wrote about in her 2006 

MILITARY RECORD Connery joined the Merchant Navy at 16 but had to leave due to stomach ulcers. He carried two tattoos from his time in the Navy, honoring Scotland and his parents.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Known for his fitness, Connery's muscular physique helped define the Bond character. In his later years, he suffered from dementia and ultimately passed away peacefully.

HOMES In his early years, he lived in Scotland, a place he always held dear. As his fame grew, he began spending time in the French Riviera, owning Villa Le Roc Fleuri on the Cap de Nice. This luxurious villa was his home for about 12 years during the 1970s and 1980s.

In the early 1980s, Connery relocated to Marbella, Spain, where he owned a stunning villa near the ocean. He enjoyed the Mediterranean lifestyle and the world-class golf courses in the area.

Eventually, Connery and his wife, Micheline Roquebrune, settled in the Bahamas full-time in the 1990s. They made their home in the exclusive Lyford Cay neighborhood on New Providence Island, where they remained until his passing in 2020.

Connery owned homes around the world, including a property in the Bahamas where he spent his final years.

TRAVEL Connery’s work took him worldwide, and he frequently traveled for film roles. He chose the Bahamas as his retirement sanctuary.

DEATH Connery passed away in his sleep on October 31, 2020, in Nassau, Bahamas. He had been struggling with dementia in his final years.

Connery's ashes were divided and scattered in two significant locations. A portion was scattered at sea near the Bahamas, where he spent his final years and passed away. The other portion was scattered in his native Scotland, fulfilling his final wish.

His widow, Micheline Roquebrune, expressed her intention to bring Connery back to Scotland, stating, "We are going to bring Sean back to Scotland. That was his final wish." The plan was to scatter his ashes near Fountainbridge, Edinburgh, where he was born. A memorial service was also planned for Scotland, to be held once coronavirus travel restrictions eased.

The scattering of ashes in Scotland reportedly took place in 2022, at various locations that Connery cherished.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Sean Connery’s portrayal of Bond influenced countless films and media portrayals of spies. He also inspired a unique media legacy, such as being pulled over by a British traffic officer named “Sergeant James Bond” and narrowly missing roles in The Silence of the Lambs and Skyfall.

ACHIEVEMENTS Connery won an Academy Award for The Untouchables (1987), along with two BAFTAs and three Golden Globes. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 2000 and remains an icon in both Hollywood and his native Scotland.

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Monday 24 December 2012

Confucius

NAME Confucius, born K'ung Fu-Tsu (meaning "The Master"), was a Chinese philosopher and teacher whose Latinized name "Confucius" became widely known.

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Confucius is best known for founding Confucianism, a philosophical system emphasizing moral values, family loyalty, and social harmony. His teachings influenced Chinese society deeply and continue to shape Eastern thought.

BIRTH Confucius was born on September 28, 551 BC, in the Lu state (modern-day Shandong Province), China.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Born into a once-noble but impoverished family, his father, Kong He, was seventy and a former military officer, while his mother, Yan Zhengzai, was only fifteen. His father had fled from the State of Song, and Confucius had nine older sisters and a disabled older brother. After his father died when Confucius was three, his mother raised him alone, despite being rejected by her husband's family and prohibited from attending his funeral.

CHILDHOOD Growing up in poverty, Confucius subsisted on a diet of rice and cabbage, with occasional pork and bean broth. He was a shy and lonely child, often playing with clay toys and flying kites. From a young age, he was drawn to rituals, arranging ritual vases on tables and showing respect for traditional practices.

EDUCATION Despite his humble origins, Confucius received an education in the Lu state, known for preserving Zhou dynasty traditions. This education laid the foundation for his lifelong devotion to the principles of governance, morality, and ritual.

CAREER RECORD At the age of 16, Confucius took on a minor administrative role, overseeing granaries. Confucius worked various government jobs in his early 20s, including as a bookkeeper and caretaker of sheep and horses

However, his true calling emerged at 22 when he established his own school, marking the beginning of his lifelong pursuit of knowledge and education.

Around 501 BC, at age 50, Confucius was appointed to the minor position of governor of a town in Lu state. He eventually rose to become Minister of Crime in Lu.  His effective governance, characterized by the suppression of crime and the promotion of morality, earned him recognition. However, political intrigue and jealousy led to his forced exile.

In 497 BC, at age 54, Confucius left his position and went into self-exile after a political disagreement. He traveled for about 12 years, seeking a ruler who would embrace his ideals and implement his vision for a just and harmonious society. Despite his tireless efforts, he was unable to find a leader who shared his commitment to virtue and good governance.

At age 68, Confucius returned to his home state of Lu at the invitation of the chief minister. In his later years, he sometimes acted as an advisor to government officials in Lu on matters of governance and crime

APPEARANCE Confucius, a towering figure in both philosophy and stature, was said to be exceptionally tall for his time. Ancient texts describe him as being 9 chi and 6 cun tall, which could translate to anywhere from 6'5" (1.9m) to 7'2" (2.2m). While these measurements may be exaggerated, they suggest a man of imposing physical presence.

Beyond his height, Confucius was reportedly quite strong physically. Some accounts claim he possessed extraordinary abilities, such as being able to lift heavy city gate bolts. This physical prowess, combined with his intellectual brilliance, made him a truly remarkable individual.

His distinctive appearance was marked by an unusually shaped head, with sides that rose higher than the center. He was also said to have large ears and wide eyes, features often associated with wisdom and insight in Chinese culture. In later life, he was depicted with a long beard, a symbol of age, experience, and wisdom.

Portrait by Qiu Ying (1494–1552), Ming dynasty

It's important to remember that most depictions of Confucius were created centuries after his death.  Therefore, artistic interpretations may not capture his exact appearance. However, these portrayals typically depict him as an older man with a beard, dressed in long scholarly robes, often holding a scroll or book. This image has come to represent wisdom and learning within Chinese culture.

FASHION As a boy, Confucius wore plain metal necklaces resembling a dog collar, a practice intended to fool evil spirits into leaving him unharmed.

Confucius believed that clothing played a vital role in social interactions. He championed the concept of proper attire, advocating for dress that reflected both your social status and the occasion . Put simply, he emphasized wearing clothes that were appropriate for your place in society and the event you were attending 

For everyday wear, Confucius likely donned the traditional scholarly robes of his time, known as hanfu. This ensemble likely comprised several layers:

Yi (衣): An open-fronted garment with a cross-collar 

Ru (襦): A shirt with a similar open cross-collar, worn underneath the yi 

Shan (衫): An open cross-collar jacket worn over the yi for added warmth 

Chang (裳): A type of skirt or lower garment that completed the outfit 

For more formal events, Confucius may have chosen a sim-ui, a long white ceremonial robe reaching his ankles . This specific garment symbolized his dedication to Confucian scholarship.

Confucius favored simplicity and practicality in his clothing choices. He preferred unadorned robes in basic colors like blue, yellow, red, white, and black. Flashier colors like purple were not his style. It's likely he wore a simple cloth cap on his head.

CHARACTER Confucius valued compassion and justice, believing that good governance required personal moral integrity. His teachings emphasized family bonds, loyalty, and moral rectitude. He was highly self-disciplined and attentive to rituals.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Confucius’ sense of humor was often subtle and rooted in wisdom. In one instance, he encountered a woman living in a tiger-prone area who said she preferred it to living under oppressive government. Confucius remarked to his disciples, “Remember that oppressive government is worse than a tiger.”

RELATIONSHIPS Confucius married at the age of 19 to a woman named Qiguan (亓官氏) or Qiguanshi. Together, they had three children: a son named Kong Li (孔鯉), also known as Boyu (12), and two daughters, one of whom likely passed away in childhood (1).

While specific details about their relationship are scarce, some sources suggest that their domestic life may not have been entirely harmonious. One possible bone of contention was that Confucius was particular about food presentation, which did not align with his wife’s cooking style. It's even speculated that Confucius and Qiguan may have eventually divorced, though this remains uncertain. Most scholars believe they did indeed separate at some point.

Beyond her surname, very little information is available about Qiguan's background or personal life (4).

Confucius valued strong interpersonal relationships and emphasized the importance of filial piety, respect for elders, and loyalty to one's family and community.

MONEY AND FAME Despite his later fame, Confucius lived humbly and was never driven by wealth or personal gain. Instead, he sought to find a ruler who would implement his vision for a just society.

He accepted valuable aid from some of his students but he also welcomed students who could only afford to pay a small fee. 

FOOD AND DRINK Confucius was meticulous about food. He believed meat should be cut in square pieces, served with the correct sauce, and rice should be white and finely minced. These ideals reflected his emphasis on ritual and order.

Confucius and his disciples were parched from their journey. One of his followers stumbled upon a hidden puddle of rainwater and, filled with kindness, scooped some water into his rice bowl to offer to his revered teacher.  Confucius, ever the philosopher, declined the offering. He gently explained, "This small amount of water is insufficient for one, let alone for all of us. Let us continue our journey and trust that we will find sustenance."

MUSIC AND ARTS Confucius stressed the importance of music, for the Chinese music of this time had ceremonial and religious functions important in state functions and worship

Confucius collected and curated traditional Chinese songs, dances, and music as part of his dedication to preserving Chinese culture. His compilation included 300 songs, ceremonial pieces, love songs, and work songs.

LITERATURE Confucius was a prolific writer and editor.. He spent much of his life compiling and editing the ancient Chinese holy writings. His work with these texts helped preserve and pass down the history, poetry, and teachings of earlier eras. The Analects, is a collection of his sayings and teachings.

The Analects (of Confucius) vol.2 Hachi-itsu.

Modern books, such as Confucius Lives Next Door by T.R. Reid, explore how Confucian values still influence societies today, particularly in East Asia, underscoring the enduring relevance of his teachings in contemporary culture.

NATURE Confucius had a profound respect for nature and often drew inspiration from the natural world. He believed that humans should live in harmony with nature.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Flying kites was one of Confucius’ childhood pastimes. As an adult, he was dedicated to ritual practices and scholarly pursuits rather than leisure activities. However, he may have enjoyed traditional Chinese pastimes such as calligraphy, painting, and playing the guqin (a traditional Chinese plucked string instrument).

SCIENCE AND MATHS While Confucius was not a scientist or mathematician in the modern sense, he valued the importance of practical knowledge and empirical observation, which are key principles in mathematics and science.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Confucius positioned himself as a transmitter of ancient wisdom rather than an originator of new ideas. He developed his philosophy during a tumultuous period of Chinese history, the Warring States period (481-221 BC), characterized by political instability and social unrest.

As a dedicated teacher, Confucius gathered a group of devoted disciples who accompanied him on his travels. He sought a wise ruler who would implement his vision of a just and harmonious society. His teachings, rooted in reason rather than supernatural beliefs, emphasized the importance of ethical behavior, social harmony, and good governance. Confucius believed that leaders had a moral obligation to govern justly and fairly, treating their subjects with compassion and respect.

His philosophy is encapsulated in timeless sayings such as:

"What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to others."

"When you meet someone better than yourself, turn your thoughts to becoming his equal. When you meet someone not as good as you are, look within and examine your own self."

"The people may be made to follow a course of action, but they may not be made to understand it."

Confucius also stressed the importance of personal cultivation, advocating for five virtues: gravity, generosity of soul, sincerity, earnestness, and kindness. These virtues, he believed, were essential for achieving a harmonious and virtuous life.

It's worth noting that during Confucius's lifetime, a significant event occurred in the history of Judaism: the return of the Jewish people from exile and the rebuilding of the Temple in Jerusalem. While geographically distant, both Confucius and the Jewish people were seeking to restore moral and social order in their respective societies.

It's important to note that Confucianism is a dynamic philosophy that has evolved over time. Later scholars expanded upon Confucius' original ideas, and the philosophy has had a profound and lasting impact on East Asian cultures.

POLITICS Confucius believed in governance led by virtue and justice rather than by force or punishment. He sought a ruler who would adopt his model for ethical and humane governance, though he never succeeded in finding one willing to fully embrace his philosophy.

One day, Confucius encountered an elderly woman weeping bitterly beside a grave. Curious, he inquired about the reason for her sorrow. The woman explained that a ferocious tiger had claimed the lives of her husband, father-in-law, and most recently, her only son. Puzzled, Confucius asked, "Why, then, do you choose to live in such a dangerous place?" The woman replied, "Because there is no oppressive government here." Confucius turned to his disciples and said, "Remember this, my children..."

SCANDAL During his tenure as a high-ranking official in the state of Lu, Confucius issued a controversial order for the arrest and execution of Sau-Zhen-Mau, a respected figure. While the reasons cited were vague, this action raised concerns about the potential for abuse of power. It's worth noting, however, that some historians dispute this account, attributing it to later embellishments.

The King of Lu, disapproving of Confucius's actions, publicly snubbed him during a significant ritual, a clear sign of disapproval. This incident, along with other political factors, led to Confucius's forced exile from his homeland.

MILITARY RECORD Confucius came from the shi class, which traditionally served as warriors and minor aristocrats. However, by his time, many shi had become itinerant advisors and teachers rather than active military personnel

Confucius's teachings emphasized moral and ethical governance rather than military prowess. He focused on virtue, social harmony, and proper conduct as the basis for good rulership

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Confucius likely maintained a healthy lifestyle through a balanced diet, regular exercise, and meditation.

Confucius was aware of various remedies and treated ailments with herbal medicine, using mulberry for inner ear issues, yam for fatigue, and buckbean root for the common cold.

HOMES  The actual residences where Confucius lived during his life are unknown. 

The most famous residence associated with Confucius is the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu, Shandong Province. However, this mansion was not Confucius' personal home, but rather the historical residence of his direct descendants. The extant structures of the Kong Family Mansion mainly date from the Ming and Qing dynasties, long after Confucius' time. Today, the Kong Family Mansion is a museum and part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site "Temple and Cemetery of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu". It comprises 152 buildings with 480 rooms, covering an area of 12,470 square metres.

TRAVEL Confucius, disillusioned with the political climate of his time, abandoned his political career in Lu at the age of fifty. He embarked on a twelve-year journey across China, seeking a ruler who would embrace his vision of a just and harmonious society. This period, known as "touring the kingdoms," was a challenging one. Confucius encountered mixed reactions from the various rulers he met. Some were indifferent to his teachings, while others outright rejected his ideas. Despite these setbacks, Confucius persevered, driven by his unwavering belief in the power of his philosophy to transform society.

DEATH Confucius's later years were marked by profound loss. He mourned the deaths of both his beloved son and several cherished disciples. He died in 479 BC aged 72, feeling he had failed to realize his vision for a just society.

Confucius was laid to rest on the banks of the Sishui River, north of Qufu City in Shandong Province. His initial burial site was a modest affair, consisting of an axe-shaped tomb and a brick platform for offerings. Over time, the reverence for Confucius grew, leading to the expansion of his burial site.

Starting from the Han Dynasty, emperors began to expand the cemetery, transforming it into a vast complex. Today, the Cemetery of Confucius, or Kong Lin, spans over 183 hectares and houses the graves of more than 100,000 of Confucius' descendants. This sacred site has undergone numerous renovations and expansions, with its perimeter wall eventually reaching a length of 7.5 kilometers.

In recognition of its historical and cultural significance, the Cemetery of Confucius was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994, alongside the Temple of Confucius and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Confucius’ life has been depicted in numerous books, films, and documentaries, illustrating his philosophical journey and his profound impact on Chinese culture. Here are a few ways Confucius has been represented in media:

1. Documentaries and Historical Dramas

Documentaries: Confucius appears in numerous documentaries focused on Eastern philosophy and Chinese history, such as Confucius: Words of Wisdom (2013) and Confucius Was a Foodie (2016), which explores Chinese culture and cuisine through the lens of Confucian values.

Historical Dramas: Confucius has been portrayed in historical films like Confucius (2010), starring Chow Yun-Fat, which dramatizes his life, his journey as a teacher, and the societal challenges he faced. This film blends fact with fiction to explore his philosophical journey and influence in ancient China.

2. Television Series and Educational Programs

Many educational shows, especially in China, have dedicated episodes to Confucian teachings, discussing concepts like ren (benevolence), li (ritual propriety), and xiao (filial piety). His teachings have been presented in children's programming and animated series, where the focus is on simplifying his ideas for a young audience.

In Western media, series on world religions and philosophy, like PBS’s Confucius and the Golden Rule, introduce Confucius and his values to viewers unfamiliar with his legacy.

3. Pop Culture References

Quotes and Parodies: Confucius’ aphorisms often appear in pop culture, sometimes humorously. His famous sayings are frequently quoted or paraphrased, sometimes in parody form (e.g., “Confucius say…” jokes).

Anime and Video Games: Confucius occasionally appears as a wise character or reference point in anime and video games, particularly in those featuring historical or mythological themes. Civilization VI includes Confucius as one of the "Great Philosophers" that players can recruit, showcasing his role as a cultural figure with unique bonuses for development.

ACHIEVEMENTS Confucius’ legacy endures through Confucianism, the state religion of China from 136 BC, and the guiding philosophy for millions for over 2,500 years. His teachings on ethics, family loyalty, and moral governance remain highly influential in China and beyond. 

His family, the Kongs, have the longest recorded pedigree chart in the world, with over 2 million descendants and a history preserved through 83 generations.

Sources Encarta Encyclopedia, Faber Book of Anecdotes

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