H. H. Asquith

NAME: H.H. Asquith (Herbert Henry Asquith) He was known as "Herbert" or "Bertie" within the family

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: H.H. Asquith is primarily known for his role as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1908 to 1916, during which he led the country through a significant period including the early years of World War I.

He was known as H. H. Asquith to the nation. As biographer Roy Jenkins puts it, there haven't been many bigwigs whose first monikers were such a mystery to the public.

BIRTH: Herbert Henry Asquith was born on September 12, 1852, in Morley, Yorkshire, England.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: Asquith was born into a middle-class family. His father, Joseph Dixon Asquith, was a wool merchant and manufacturer, while his mother, Emily Willans, was from a prosperous industrial family.

CHILDHOOD: Asquith grew up in a comfortable and intellectually stimulating environment. He was raised in Morley and later in Huddersfield, where he attended Huddersfield College.

Asquith (left) with his sister Emily and elder brother William, c. 1857

EDUCATION: He and his brother were educated at home by their parents until 1860, when father died suddenly. His grandfather, William Willans took charge of the family, moved them to a house near his own, and arranged for the boys' schooling. After a year at Huddersfield College they were sent as boarders to Fulneck School, a Moravian Church school near Leeds. In 1863 William Willans died, and the family came under the care of Emily's brother, John Willans. The boys went to live with him in London; when he moved back to Yorkshire in 1864 for business reasons, they remained in London and were lodged with various families. 

Asquith received his later education at the City of London School and Balliol College, Oxford. He excelled academically and was awarded various scholarships during his time at Oxford.

CAREER RECORD: Asquith had a distinguished career in law and politics. 

After graduating from Oxford, Asquith donned the barrister's robes and even dabbled in writing for a magazine called The Spectator (quite the liberal rag back then). By 1886, he was knee-deep in politics, winning a seat for East Fife – a constituency he'd hold onto tighter than a bulldog with a bone for over three decades.

Asquith's star power really started shining when he defended Irish nationalist leader Charles Stewart Parnell in a parliamentary investigation. Fast forward to 1892, and he'd become Home Secretary under Prime Minister William Gladstone. Fun fact: when Asquith took over the top job from Henry Campbell-Bannerman in 1908, King Edward VII was busy holidaying in Biarritz. Refusing to come back for the official handover due to "health reasons" (wink wink), Asquith had to travel all the way to France to get his premiership sealed with a royal handshake. Talk about awkward!

As Prime Minister, Asquith, the Liberal leader, championed a string of domestic reforms. We're talking old age pensions, national insurance, and even clipping the wings of the House of Lords.

He led Britain into the murky waters of World War I, but by 1916, after a string of military and political headaches, Asquith hung up his Prime Ministerial hat on December 5, 1916 and David Lloyd George took the reins.

 His political resume is:

Member of Parliament (1886-1918, 1920-1924)

Home Secretary (1892-1895)

Chancellor of the Exchequer (1905-1908)

Prime Minister (1908-1916)

Secretary of State for War (1914)

Leader of the Opposition (1916-1918)

APPEARANCE: Asquith was tall with a distinguished and somewhat stern countenance.

H.H. Asquith

FASHION: Asquith was known for his conservative and traditional style of dress, typically wearing formal attire befitting his status as a statesman.

CHARACTER: Asquith was known for his intellect, eloquence, and pragmatism. He was considered a skilled orator and a masterful political strategist. He was a strong leader, but sometimes seen as aloof.

SPEAKING VOICE H. H. Asquith's speaking voice was described as resonant and commanding, perfectly suited to his reputation as a formidable orator and parliamentary debater. His speeches were marked by clarity, precision, and a remarkable ability to marshal arguments logically and persuasively. Observers noted his "extraordinary and effortless command of the right word" and his ability to deliver speeches with lucidity and succinctness, often saying in fifty minutes what others might take over an hour to express.

Asquith's delivery was calm and measured, reflecting his composed demeanor. He avoided dramatic gestures or fiery rhetoric, instead relying on the sheer force of his arguments and his mastery of language to captivate audiences. His sentences were described as "orderly" and "disciplined," giving the impression of a meticulously organized mind at work. Despite his lack of emotional fervor, his speeches carried an intellectual weight that left a powerful impact on listeners.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Asquith had a dry wit and a sharp sense of humor, which he often displayed in his speeches and private conversations.  One example comes from his retort during a parliamentary debate when he famously quipped, "The Right Honourable Gentleman must wait and see." This phrase became so popular that it inspired a cartoon in Punch, where Asquith was depicted asking a ship officer why the vessel was pitching so much, only to receive the reply: "Well, you see, sir, it is all a question of Weight and Sea"—a pun on his famous phrase. 

RELATIONSHIPS: Asquith was married twice. he married Helen Kelsall Melland on April 23, 1877, in Manchester. Helen was the daughter of Frederick Melland, a physician, and the couple lived modestly in Hampstead due to their limited income at the time. Helen passed away in 1891. 

After Helen's death, Asquith married Margot Tennant on May 10, 1894, at St George's, Hanover Square in London. Margot was the youngest daughter of Sir Charles Tennant and brought him into her vibrant social world. Asquith's relationship with his second wife was often tumultuous but enduring. They had five children together.

Margot Asquith, painting by Philip de László, 1909

MONEY AND FAME: Asquith enjoyed both wealth and fame during his political career, but he was not particularly ostentatious or extravagant in his personal life.

FOOD AND DRINK: H. H. Asquith enjoyed fine dining and had a taste for luxury, which extended to his eating habits. He appreciated good food, often indulging in meals at aristocratic country houses and social gatherings. His lifestyle reflected his fondness for comfort and refinement, aligning with his enjoyment of "the good life"—which included good food, conversation, and company

Asquith was known to appreciate a good glass of wine or whiskey. His fondness for alcohol was well-known, earning him the nickname "Squiffy," and his relaxed attitude toward drinking disappointed some temperance advocates. Despite his liquid lunches, he still managed to pass some sobering legislation!  (2) 

MUSIC AND ARTS: Asquith had an appreciation for classical music and the arts, regularly attending concerts and cultural events in London.

LITERATURE: He was a voracious reader and had a deep appreciation for literature, particularly poetry and historical works.

NATURE: Asquith enjoyed spending time outdoors, whether walking in the countryside or relaxing in his garden.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Asquith was an avid golfer and enjoyed playing tennis and cricket in his leisure time.

Asquith loved bridge and would often play long into the night even during the First World War.

Asquith enjoyed intellectual games and lighthearted challenges. For instance, during leisure time on a yacht trip, he would organize competitions among his companions to list as many generals, poets, or historians as possible whose names began with specific letters. His playful nature in such activities showcased his ability to blend intellect with amusement.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: While Asquith's career was focused on law and politics, he maintained an interest in scientific and mathematical developments of his time.

PRIME MINISTER Herbert Henry Asquith, or H.H. to those too busy to say all the syllables, was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from April 5, 1908 to December 6, 1916—a period when Britain seemed determined to reinvent itself, usually at the most inconvenient possible moments.

Asquith’s time in office was a heady mix of high ideals, constitutional crises, and just a dash of looming global catastrophe. He arrived with a mind for reform and a fondness for cigars, and he left somewhere between worn out and steamrolled by history.

One of Asquith’s more commendable habits was trying to make Britain a kinder place. His government introduced things like old-age pensions and unemployment insurance, which had the radical effect of keeping people from starving to death. He also set up labour exchanges, which, despite sounding like somewhere you'd go to swap a plumber for a bricklayer, were actually a rather modern idea for helping people find work.

These reforms were part of the Liberal Party’s plan to drag Britain, inch by inch, into the 20th century—preferably without frightening the aristocracy.

In what must have been one of the least relaxing jobs in government, Asquith also had to wrestle with the House of Lords—a chamber made up largely of men who had inherited their seats along with several thousand acres and possibly a pet pheasant.

The Lords, not keen on this whole “democracy” idea, tried to block a budget. Asquith, in response, brought in the Parliament Act of 1911, which basically told the Lords to sit down, be quiet, and let the Commons get on with it. It was a major constitutional shift, and somehow he did it without anyone setting fire to Westminster.

He also took on the Herculean task of Irish Home Rule—an issue so eternally complicated it could have made Tolstoy give up and write limericks instead.

Despite furious opposition from Unionists and some industrial-strength political grumbling, Asquith pushed forward legislation to grant Ireland greater autonomy. It got further than most previous attempts, though not quite far enough to prevent later disaster.

In 1909, Asquith’s government introduced the "People's Budget," which was all about taxing the rich to fund social reforms and, slightly awkwardly, the military. It was the first proper attempt to use taxation to redistribute wealth, which understandably made the rich terribly upset, and gave newspapers plenty to shout about for months.

Then came 1914 and, with it, World War I. Asquith led Britain into the war following Germany’s invasion of Belgium, a decision that felt inevitable and yet carried consequences nobody could truly fathom. His strategy at first was to maintain “business as usual,” which, in retrospect, seems a curious way to respond to one of the deadliest wars in human history.

Unfortunately, war has a way of not playing along. Munitions ran low, Gallipoli went badly, and Asquith—never one for dramatic gestures—looked increasingly out of his depth. He eventually cobbled together a coalition government, but by 1916, under pressure from every direction, he resigned. His replacement, David Lloyd George, had the energy of a caffeinated badger and quickly became both the face of wartime Britain and Asquith’s enduring nemesis.

Asquith left behind a legacy that historians describe as “complicated,” which is history-speak for “well, some of it was good.” He laid the groundwork for the welfare state, limited the power of the Lords, and helped move Britain toward a more democratic society.

But his leadership during the war was widely criticised, and the Liberal Party more or less imploded shortly after he left office. Still, for a man whose middle name was Henry, he did rather a lot.

In the end, Asquith was a brilliant peacetime reformer and a reluctant wartime leader. He might not have been the man you’d choose to run a war, but if you needed someone to design a civilised society while making sharp, dry remarks over sherry—he was your chap.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Asquith was not particularly known for his philosophical or theological views, but he was a liberal in his political ideology and advocated for progressive social reforms.

SCANDAL: Asquith's career was marked by several scandals, including controversies surrounding his handling of military strategy during World War I and allegations of impropriety in his personal life.

Whispers swirled that Asquith enjoyed a tipple or two on the job. His political rival, Andrew Bonar Law, even quipped that "Asquith, when drunk, can make a better speech than any of us when sober." Ouch! They even gave him the rather unflattering nickname "Squiffy" because of his fondness for a drink.

MILITARY RECORD: The declaration of war on  August  4,1914 saw Asquith at the helm of a surprisingly unified Liberal Party. Even the opposition parties pledged cooperation. With the nation seemingly standing shoulder-to-shoulder, Asquith led Britain into the conflict, managing to avoid any major domestic unrest. It was a moment of national unity, and Asquith, the picture of stoic confidence, seemed the perfect man to guide them through the storm.

The war's early months saw Asquith's popularity surge. Past political squabbles faded into the background as the nation looked to their "steady, massive, self-reliant and unswerving" leader to secure victory. But Asquith, a master of navigating peacetime politics, wasn't quite prepared for the brutal realities of what would become known as total war. By war's end, he'd be out of office for good, and his party would never again hold a majority government. The Great War, it seemed, demanded a different kind of leadership than the one Asquith embodied.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Asquith maintained good health for much of his life but experienced health issues later in his career, including heart trouble.

HOMES: Asquith lived in various residences throughout his life, including a family home in Huddersfield and 10 Downing Street during his tenure as Prime Minister.

TRAVEL: Asquith traveled extensively for diplomatic and political purposes during his time in office, both domestically and internationally.

DEATH: After suffering three strokes, H.H. Asquith passed away aged 75 on February 15, 1928 at The Wharf, a country house at Sutton Courtenay in Berkshire which he'd bought in 1912. Asquith was buried in the churchyard of All Saints' at Sutton Courtenay.

Among his living descendants are his great-granddaughter, the actress Helena Bonham Carter (born 1966). 

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Asquith's life and political career have been the subject of numerous biographies, historical studies, and adaptations in film and television.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Led the Liberal Party to victory in three general elections

Oversaw social reforms like the National Insurance Act (1911)

Curtailed the House of Lords' power with the Parliament Act (1911)

Led Britain through the early years of World War I

Sources (1) Counsel magazine (2) Jstor

Isaac Asimov

NAME: Isaac Asimov

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Renowned science fiction author, biochemist, and educator.

BIRTH: Born on an unknown date between October 4, 1919, and January 2, 1920, in Petrovichi, Russia. Asimov celebrated his birthday on January 2. 

FAMILY BACKGROUND: Isaac Asimov was born to Anna Rachel Berman and Judah Asimov, a family of Russian Jewish millers. His family immigrated to the United States when he was just three years old, settling in Brooklyn, New York.

CHILDHOOD: Asimov grew up in a modest household, surrounded by books and intellectual stimulation. 

His folks, after setting up shop in Brooklyn, New York., found themselves running a series of candy stores – a veritable Willy Wonka wonderland for a young Isaac. Except, instead of chocolate rivers, there were endless stacks of magazines, including those pulpy sci-fi numbers his dad probably considered pure rubbish. Young Isaac, however, devoured them like a sugar-crazed kid on a Gummy Bear bender. 

EDUCATION: Asimov attended New York City public schools and went on to study at Columbia University, graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry in 1939. He later earned his Master of Arts and Ph.D. in biochemistry from Columbia University.

CAREER RECORD: Asimov's career was multifaceted. He worked as a biochemistry professor at Boston University School of Medicine and wrote over 500 books covering various topics, including science fiction, popular science, and mysteries. His most famous works include the Foundation series, the Robot series, and the Galactic Empire series.

APPEARANCE: Asimov was of slightly below medium height with a round face, often sporting thick-rimmed glasses.

FASHION: Known for his simple and practical attire, Asimov preferred comfortable clothing over fashion trends.

CHARACTER: Asimov was described as curious, introspective, and intellectually voracious. He possessed a keen analytical mind and a deep sense of empathy. He was a hard-working and dedicated writer.

SPEAKING VOICE Isaac Asimov's speaking voice was distinct and memorable, characterized by his New York accent and a conversational, engaging tone. He was an able public speaker, frequently invited to give talks on science, literature, and other topics. His style was informal and approachable, often filled with humor and wit, which made his lectures lively and relatable. (1)

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Asimov had a witty and playful sense of humor, often incorporating clever wordplay and puns into his writing and conversations.One notable example comes from his quip about Sherlock Holmes:

"You know," I said, "that Sherlock Holmes was remarkable for his great dignity."

"He was?" said my victim, undoubtedly searching his memory of the stories.

"Oh, yes," I said gravely, "I'm sure you have often heard of the stately Holmes of England." (2)

RELATIONSHIPS: Isaac Asimov's love life wasn't quite as fantastical as his science fiction stories. In 1942, on a blind date that could have been plucked from a sitcom, he met Gertrude Blugerman. Sparks flew, and they married on July 26th that same year. Together, they had two children, David arriving in 1951 and Robyn Joan following in 1955. However, by 1970, things went sour, and they separated.

Asimov didn't stay single for long. He soon found himself smitten with Janet O. Jeppson, a psychiatrist who, conveniently enough, also dabbled in science fiction writing. They started dating and, two weeks after finalizing his divorce from Gertrude, Asimov married Janet on November 30, 1973 at Janet's home. The ceremony was officiated by a leader of the Ethical Culture Society, a humanist religious group that Janet later joined.

Janet played an active role in Isaac's work, editing many of his writings, including his autobiographical books, and co-authoring numerous essays and non-fiction works with him.

Isaac Asimov valued Janet's opinions and writing skills. He once wrote to her, "My letters to you are first drafts...and I leave it to you to get past the maunderings and potterings and see my meaning. In fact, it is very wonderful to be able to leave it to you to do that –in full confidence and trust."

Their marriage lasted until Asimov's death in 1992, spanning nearly two decades. 

Janet Asimov with her husband, Isaac

MONEY AND FAME: Asimov achieved both financial success and fame during his lifetime, becoming one of the most prolific and beloved authors in the science fiction genre.

FOOD AND DRINK: Asimov enjoyed simple and hearty meals, often indulging in Eastern European and American cuisine. He had a fondness for coffee and occasionally enjoyed a glass of wine.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Asimov appreciated classical music and had a deep love for opera. He also had an interest in visual arts, particularly paintings and sculptures.

LITERATURE: Asimov's love for literature was evident in his extensive reading habits and his own prolific writing career. He was well-versed in various genres, including science fiction, mystery, and classic literature. He was influenced by authors like H.G. Wells and Edward Gibbon.

Writing sci-fi turned out to be a goldmine compared to the meager academic salary. So, by the 1950s, Asimov was churning out stories that would go on to influence spaceships, robots, and everything in between on the silver screen. Remember that movie where a robot had a meltdown because it couldn't follow its programming? Yeah, you can thank Isaac for that little nugget.

NATURE: Asimov had a fascination with the natural world and often incorporated elements of biology, astronomy, and ecology into his science fiction stories.

In 1953, Isaac Asimov penned a short story titled "Everest" that mistakenly characterized the mountain's summit as an unreachable Martian outpost that could only be accessed via parachute. In a classic example of reality outpacing fiction, Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay successfully conquered the peak on foot in May 1953, just weeks after the story was written but months before it finally reached readers in December. Asimov later humorously reflected on the incident in his collection Buy Jupiter and Other Stories, citing it as a cautionary reminder of the risks involved in making near-future predictions.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Asimov enjoyed playing chess and engaging in intellectual discussions. He was not particularly athletic but appreciated the mental challenge of strategic games.

Asimov was a prolific letter writer (estimated to have written over 90,000).

SCIENCE AND MATHS: As a trained biochemist, Asimov had a deep understanding and appreciation for science and mathematics, which he seamlessly integrated into his fiction writing.

Technology wasn't exactly Asimov's forte. When a newfangled computer landed on his doorstep in the 80s, he about had a meltdown. But a kind soul from Radio Shack came to the rescue, teaching Asimov the ropes. And before you knew it, the man who once wrote exclusively on a typewriter This would end the author's exclusive use of a typewriter was shilling computers in ads.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Although Asimov was a Jew he was an atheist and held humanist beliefs. He was extremely proud of his role as the honorary president of the American Humanist Association.

He was deeply interested in philosophy and explored philosophical and existential themes in his writing, such as the nature of free will and humanity's place in the universe

SCANDAL: Asimov's life was relatively free from scandal, with his focus primarily on his writing and academic pursuits.

MILITARY RECORD: Asimov served as a civilian scientist during World War II

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Asimov was a full-blown claustrophile, happiest when tucked away in a tiny, windowless room – perfect for cranking out those sci-fi adventures.

Speaking of quirks, Asimov's skin was about as sun-tolerant as a vampire. Ten minutes outside and he'd resemble a poorly cooked lobster. 

Asimov struggled with health issues throughout his later life, including heart and kidney problems. Despite this, he maintained a relatively active lifestyle and continued writing until his final days.

HOMES: Asimov lived in various locations throughout his life, including Brooklyn, New York, Boston, Massachusetts, and eventually settled in New York City where he snagged an apartment with a killer view of Central Park. However, he  nearly always had the blinds down, so he would not be distracted from his work by the views. Priorities, people, priorities.

TRAVEL: Asimov traveled extensively for speaking engagements, conferences, and book tours, both domestically and internationally. However, he hated flying with the fiery passion of a thousand suns. Cars and cruises were his preferred modes of transport, which probably limited his vacation options a tad.

DEATH: Isaac Asimov passed away on April 6, 1992, at the age of 72. He died at New York University Medical Center due to heart and kidney failure, complications later revealed to have been caused by AIDS. Asimov contracted HIV from a tainted blood transfusion during a triple bypass surgery in 1983. Initially, the cause of death was publicly reported as heart and kidney failure, but his wife, Janet Jeppson Asimov, disclosed the AIDS diagnosis a decade after his passing.

Asimov's body was cremated, and his ashes were scattered, in accordance with his wishes. There was no funeral service; instead, a memorial service was held later. This decision aligned with Asimov's secular beliefs as a humanist and an atheist. During one such memorial event organized by the American Humanist Association, Kurt Vonnegut humorously remarked that "Isaac is up in Heaven now," which resonated with the audience's understanding of Asimov's humanist worldview. (3)

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Asimov's works have been adapted into films, television shows, and radio dramas, cementing his legacy in popular culture.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Considered one of the "Big Three" science fiction writers (along with Robert A. Heinlein and Arthur C. Clarke)

Asimov's contributions to science fiction and popular science literature earned him numerous awards, including multiple Hugo and Nebula Awards. He was also a recipient of the prestigious Hugo Award for Best All-Time Series for his Foundation series. 

National Science Fiction Day is unofficially celebrated on January 2nd in the United States to honor the birth of Isaac Asimov,

He was a member of Mensa, reflecting his intellectual prowess.

He wrote or edited more than 500 books during his lifetime.

Asimov has the honor of being the only person who has authored a book in each of the Dewey Decimal System classifications.

His work continues to inspire readers and writers around the world

Sources (1) Library of Congress (2) Acoustic By Lines (3) Hacker News

Ashoka the Great

NAME: Ashoka (meaning "the sorrowless" or Ashoka the Great

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Emperor of the Maurya Empire in India, renowned for his conversion to Buddhism and emphasis on non-violence (dharma) after a brutal war.

BIRTH: Ashoka was born in 304 BC, likely in Pataliputra, which is present-day Patna, Bihar, India.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: He was the son of Emperor Bindusara and Queen Dharma and grandson of Chandragupta Maurya, founder of the Maurya Empire.

CHILDHOOD: Little is known about Ashoka's childhood, but it is believed that he received royal upbringing and education in the court of the Mauryan Empire.

EDUCATION: Ashoka would have received education befitting a prince of his time, including training in administration, warfare, and religious teachings.

CAREER RECORD: He ascended to the throne around 268 BC after a power struggle following his father's death. Initially known for his military conquests, Ashoka later embraced Buddhism and promoted non-violence, becoming one of its greatest proponents. He ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BC. 

Here is his resume:

Ascended the throne after a bloody power struggle with his brothers.

Launched a devastating war against the Kalinga kingdom, resulting in immense death and suffering.

Witnessed the aftermath of the war and converted to Buddhism, vowing to spread dharma (righteousness) throughout his empire.

Established pillars and edicts throughout his realm promoting non-violence, tolerance, and respect for all life.

Sent missionaries to spread Buddhism across Asia.

Focused on public welfare, infrastructure development, and promoting social harmony.

APPEARANCE: Descriptions of Ashoka's physical appearance are scarce, but he likely presented himself as a regal figure befitting his status as an emperor.

FASHION: As an ancient ruler, Ashoka would have worn clothing and adornments typical of his time and status, although specific details are not well-documented.

CHARACTER: Ashoka is often depicted as a complex figure, initially known for his military prowess and later revered for his embrace of Buddhist principles, including compassion and tolerance.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: While not widely documented, Ashoka's reign saw a shift towards a more humane and compassionate approach to governance, which may reflect a sense of humor or appreciation for levity.

RELATIONSHIPS: Ashoka had several wives and children, including Queen Asandhimitra, who played a significant role in his life.

MONEY AND FAME: As an emperor of a vast empire, Ashoka wielded considerable wealth and power, and his reign is remembered as a significant period in Indian history. After his conversion, he focused on ethical governance and social welfare.

FOOD AND DRINK: Details about Ashoka's personal tastes in food and drink are not well-recorded, but as a ruler, he would have had access to a variety of culinary delights.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Ashoka's reign coincided with a flourishing of art and culture in ancient India, but his personal involvement in music and arts is not extensively documented.

LITERATURE: He was known for his inscriptions, including the rock edicts that spread his message of Dhamma (Buddhist principles) throughout his empire. 

Ashoka likely possessed knowledge of religious texts like the Vedas and Buddhist scriptures.

NATURE: Ashoka's embrace of Buddhism led to policies promoting environmental conservation and the protection of wildlife.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: While Ashoka's hobbies and sports activities are not well-documented, he likely engaged in activities typical of ancient royalty, such as hunting and chariot racing.  Below is a 1st century BC relief from Sanchi, showing Ashoka on his chariot, visiting the Nagas at Ramagrama.

By Photo Dharma from Sadao, Thailand Wikipedia

SCIENCE AND MATHS: He was known for his patronage of scholars and intellectuals, which likely included those knowledgeable in the fields of science and mathematics.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Ashoka's embrace of Buddhism profoundly influenced his philosophical and theological outlook, leading him to prioritize compassion, tolerance, and moral conduct in governance.

Emperor Ashoka, was the first ruler in human history to ban slavery, animal cruelty, and deforestation.

SCANDAL: His brutal conquest of Kalinga is considered the turning point in his life, leading to his conversion and pacifist approach.

MILITARY RECORD: Ashoka was a formidable military leader before his conversion. His early reign was marked by military conquests, but he later renounced warfare after embracing Buddhism.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Details about Ashoka's personal health and physical fitness are not extensively documented.

HOMES:  Likely resided in grand palaces throughout the empire, including in Pataliputra. the capital of the Mauryan Empire.

TRAVEL: As an emperor, Ashoka traveled extensively throughout his vast empire to oversee governance and administration and later to promote his edicts and Buddhist teachings..

DEATH: Ashoka died around 232 BC, leaving behind a legacy as one of India's greatest emperors.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Ashoka's life and reign have been depicted in various forms of literature, art, film, and television, highlighting his enduring influence in Indian history and culture.

Aśoka is a 2001 epic Indian historical drama film directed and co-written by Santosh Sivan. The film stars Shah Rukh Khan as Ashoka.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Transformed the Maurya Empire from a militaristic state to a center of peace and Buddhist teachings.

Promoted religious tolerance and social justice throughout his realm.

Established pillars and edicts that continue to inspire moral and ethical conduct.

Played a pivotal role in spreading Buddhism across Asia.

Laura Ashley

NAME: Laura Ashley

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Welsh fashion designer and businesswoman known for her romantic, floral print designs on clothing, homeware, and furnishings.

BIRTH: Laura Ashley was born on September 7, 1925, in Dowlais, Merthyr Tydfil, Wales.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: She was the daughter of Welsh parents, Arthur and Beatrice Mountney. She was raised in a civil service family with strict Baptist values.

CHILDHOOD: Laura grew up in a modest household in Wales during the interwar period. Her childhood was shaped by her religious upbringing and the close-knit community in Wales.

EDUCATION: She attended Marshall's School in Merthyr Tydfil and Elmwood School, a grammar school in Croydon, Surrey. World War II disrupted her education, leading her to attend Aberdare Secretarial School.

CAREER RECORD: In 1942, at age 16, she left school and served in the Women's Royal Naval Service. After the war, Laura swapped her uniform for a secretary's garb, working for the rather sedate Women's Institute. But even amidst filing and typing, Laura's creative spirit couldn't be contained. She moonlighted as a designer, whipping up quilts and scarves that were anything but boring.  Her resume from there is as follows

1953: Launched her design business from her home, creating printed tea towels and scarves.

1960s: Expanded into clothing design and manufacture.

1967: Opened the first Laura Ashley shop in Kensington, London.

By 1985 (year of her death): The Laura Ashley brand had grown to over 220 shops worldwide.

APPEARANCE: She was described as having a demure and elegant appearance, often seen wearing her own floral print designs.

FASHION: Laura Ashley pioneered a unique style characterized by romantic prints, flowing silhouettes, and a focus on natural fabrics. She is famous for her romantic and vintage-inspired fashion designs, characterized by floral patterns and nostalgic aesthetics.

1970s printed cotton dresses by Laura Ashley at the Fashion Museum, Bath. By Mabalu 

Here is the story of Laura Ashley PLC. In 1949, love struck, and Laura married engineer Bernard Ashley. Together, they embarked on a new venture: manufacturing furnishing materials and wallpapers. Now, Laura wasn't one for minimalism. Her designs drew inspiration from historical documents, particularly those of the 19th century, resulting in a far more ornate aesthetic.  Think Laura Ingalls Wilder goes full-on chintz explosion.

Their company was initially christened Ashley Mountney (Laura's maiden name), but Bernard, with a cunning eye for marketing, decided a woman's touch was just the ticket for their decidedly feminine products. Thus, Laura Ashley was born.

Motherhood briefly put Laura's career on hold, but she soon bounced back, this time with a new weapon in her arsenal: dressmaking.  What began as playtime with fabrics for her kids soon blossomed into a full-fledged clothing line. This wasn't your typical wartime drab; Laura's dresses were all about romantic silhouettes, flowing fabrics (especially cotton, a natural fiber darling), and of course, those ever-present floral prints.

The Laura Ashley brand blossomed. Their first shop wasn't some swanky London address, but a quaint spot in Machynlleth, Wales.  (Pop by 35 Maengwyn Street if you're ever in the neighborhood, it's still there!)  From this humble beginning, Laura Ashley's floral prints bloomed into a global phenomenon, gracing not just clothing but fabrics, wallpapers, and everything in between.

CHARACTER: Laura was known for her strong work ethic, creativity, and determination. She was also described as kind and down-to-earth. She was known for her attention to detail in her work.

SPEAKING VOICE Laura Ashley's speaking voice has been described as calm and understated, reflecting her personality and approach to life. She was known for her quiet demeanor, which complemented her determined and persuasive nature. Her son David Ashley noted that she was not gregarious but had a calming influence on others, particularly her husband Bernard Ashley. (1)

SENSE OF HUMOUR: While not widely documented, Laura Ashley was described as having a quiet and subtle sense of humor.

RELATIONSHIPS: Our wartime heroine, Laura Ashley, wasn't exactly dodging floral shrapnel during World War II.  She was actually serving her country with the stiff-upper-lipped crew of the Women's Royal Naval Service. Romance, however, wasn't entirely absent from her wartime duties. It was at a youth club in Wallington that she met a dashing young engineer named Bernard Ashley. Alas, after the war, Bernard got shipped off to India with the formidable Gurkhas.  No dashing rescues or wartime weddings here; instead, their love story unfolded through the slow burn of letters traversing oceans.  By 1949, they finally tied the knot and went on to build a family of four, proving that even amidst the chaos of war, love (and a good postal service) could conquer all.

MONEY AND FAME: The success of the Laura Ashley brand brought her both wealth and fame, establishing her as a leading figure in the fashion industry.

FOOD AND DRINK: There is little information available about her specific tastes in food and drink, but Laura likely enjoyed traditional Welsh cuisine.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Laura Ashley had a keen interest in arts and crafts, which influenced her designs. However, her personal involvement in music and other arts is not extensively documented.

LITERATURE: She had an appreciation for literature, which often inspired her creative endeavors.

NATURE: Laura Ashley drew inspiration from the natural world, incorporating botanical motifs and pastoral themes into her designs.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: She enjoyed gardening and needlework as hobbies.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: While she did not pursue a career in science or mathematics, she demonstrated a meticulous attention to detail in her designs.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Laura Ashley's work reflected a sense of nostalgia and a connection to traditional values. Her strict Baptist upbringing likely influenced her personal philosophy,  although her personal theological beliefs are not extensively documented.

SCANDAL: There are no notable scandals associated with Laura Ashley.

MILITARY RECORD: Laura served in the Women's Royal Naval Service during World War II. Not exactly sketching chintz roses on the deck of a battleship, mind you.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: She maintained a relatively private personal life, and details about her health and physical fitness are not widely known.

HOMES: Laura Ashley lived in various locations in London and Wales. The company headquarters were established in Carno, Wales.

TRAVEL: She traveled occasionally for business and leisure, drawing inspiration from different cultures and landscapes.

DEATH: Our floral queen's reign, sadly, wasn't destined to last forever. Just a touch past her 60th birthday, tragedy struck. Laura took a tumble down the stairs at her daughter's place in the West Midlands. Rushed to a Coventry hospital, she battled a brain hemorrhage for ten days, but ultimately succumbed to its effects on September 17, 1985. 

She is buried in the churchyard of St John the Baptist, in Carno, in her beloved Wales.

On March 17, 2020, the Laura Ashley company, after facing financial difficulties for years, filed for administration because of a significant drop in sales. The company blamed its troubles on a "significant" drop in trade. 

On April 22, 2020, Gordon Brothers, an investment firm, acquired the Laura Ashley brand name, archives, and intellectual property and relaunched the company.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Laura Ashley and her brand have been featured in numerous fashion magazines, documentaries, and retrospectives.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Built a global brand synonymous with a unique and enduring design style.

Pioneered the concept of lifestyle branding, offering a complete home and fashion aesthetic.

Empowered women through her practical and stylish clothing designs

Source (1) BBC

Francis Asbury

NAME Francis Asbury

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Francis Asbury was a prominent figure in early American Methodism and is known for his role as one of the first two bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States. He is Often referred to as the "Prophet of the Long Road" or the "Bishop without a Diocese."

BIRTH Francis Asbury was born on August 20, 1745, in Hamstead Bridge, Staffordshire, England.

FAMILY BACKGROUND He was born into a working-class family, with his father Joseph Asbury working as a gardener and his mother Elizabeth Asbury taking care of the household.

CHILDHOOD Asbury grew up in humble surroundings in England, where he developed a strong sense of religious devotion from a young age.

EDUCATION He had a limited formal education due to working as a blacksmith's apprentice and had to drop out of formal education at age 12. 

Despite his limited formal education, Asbury was a voracious reader and self-taught scholar, with a particular interest in theology and Christian literature.

CAREER RECORD Asbury's career was devoted to spreading Methodism in the American colonies. He arrived in America in 1771 as a Methodist preacher and spent the rest of his life traveling extensively throughout the country, preaching, establishing churches, and organizing Methodist societies.

His resume reads: 

Licensed Methodist preacher at 18

Became an ordained traveling preacher (circuit rider) at 21

Volunteered for missionary work in America in 1771

Appointed joint superintendent of Methodist work in America in 1774 (later became the sole superintendent)

Elected the first Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church in America in 1784

APPEARANCE Asbury was described as having a slender to medium build, with a plain and unassuming appearance that reflected his humble nature. Of average height , Asbury had piercing blue eyes and a strong jawline.

John Paradise - Francis Asbury

FASHION Asbury dressed modestly, typically wearing plain and practical clothing befitting his role as a preacher travelling long distances on horseback

CHARACTER Asbury was known for his piety, dedication, and unwavering commitment to his faith. He was also admired for his humility and selflessness.

SPEAKING VOICE Francis Asbury's speaking voice was described as "clear and full". This characterization suggests that he had a strong, resonant voice that could be easily heard and understood by his audience.

Despite having a clear voice, Asbury was reportedly "a terrible preacher". His sermons were often described as disjointed and difficult to follow, which is surprising given his prominence in the Methodist movement. This suggests that while his voice itself may have been pleasant to listen to, his delivery and organization of content were not his strong suits. (1)

Asbury was known to be uncomfortable with public speaking, especially when addressing rooms full of preachers. (1)

It's worth noting that despite his reported shortcomings as a preacher, Asbury was still considered an extraordinary and impactful speaker. His presence was described as "dignified and commanding", which likely contributed to his effectiveness as a leader in the Methodist movement, even if his sermons were not always well-structured. (2)

SENSE OF HUMOUR While Asbury was deeply serious about his religious mission, he also had a warm and approachable demeanor. He was known to use humor in his sermons to make a point or connect with his audience.

RELATIONSHIPS Asbury formed close friendships with fellow Methodist leaders, including John Wesley and Thomas Coke, with whom he worked closely to establish and expand Methodism in America.

Asbury was celibate and devoted his life to his ministry. 

MONEY AND FAME Asbury lived a simple and frugal lifestyle, with any money he received typically being used to support his missionary work and the Methodist cause.

Asbury rarely owned more than he could carry on horseback and lived a life of voluntary poverty. He believed this lifestyle kept him honest and consistent in his ministry. Asbury fought to keep wages for Methodist ministers low, and his own salary never exceeded $80 per year, even after a raise in 1800. This modest income reflected his commitment to simplicity and reliance on faith, as he often embarked on journeys with minimal funds, trusting that God would provide for his needs.

Asbury's possessions typically included a horse, saddle, bridle, one suit of clothes, a watch, a pocket Bible, and a hymn book—anything beyond this was considered an encumbrance. His dedication to voluntary poverty also shielded him from criticism during later years when some Methodist ministers became more affluent  (1)

Due to his wide and frequent travels to even the most remote parts of the frontier, more people would recognize Asbury on the street than Thomas Jefferson or George Washington. However, he wasn't interested in personal recognition. (1)

FOOD AND DRINK Asbury adhered to a simple diet, often subsisting on basic fare such as bread, vegetables, and tea.

MUSIC AND ARTS He appreciated music as a means of worship but did not have a particular interest in the arts beyond their role in religious expression. Hymns played a significant role in Methodist worship services.

LITERATURE Asbury was well-versed in the Bible and other theological works, which formed the basis of his preaching and teaching.

NATURE Asbury found solace and inspiration in the natural world, often incorporating references to nature into his sermons and writings.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Asbury's primary focus was on his religious duties, leaving little time for leisure activities or hobbies.

SCIENCE AND MATHS While not his area of expertise, Asbury recognized the importance of education and intellectual inquiry, particularly within the context of religious study.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Asbury was a devout Christian who firmly believed in the principles of Methodism.  He emphasized personal conversion, evangelism, living a holy life and social justice. 

When Francis Asbury rolled into the colonies in 1771, je was a man with a mission and a horse with serious wanderlust. He wasn't there for sightseeing or sipping tea with the Boston Brahmins. No, Asbury had a far more ambitious plan: to spread Methodism across the sprawling frontier like wildfire.

His weapon of choice? Circuit riding. Think of it as the Uber of evangelism. Asbury would pick a region, then gallop from town to town, preaching the Methodist message with the fervor of a tent revivalist on a triple espresso. Thousands of miles he clocked each year, a tireless circuit rider crisscrossing the colonies like a spiritual Pony Express.

Now, Asbury wasn't a dictator. He wasn't some power-hungry bishop lording over his flock. He empowered local preachers, these lay folks who shared his passion. But Asbury wasn't handing out participation trophies. These weren't your leisure-suit-wearing preachers. No sir, Asbury demanded dedication. Up at 4 am for Bible study, hitting the streets by 5 am to catch folks on their way to work – that was the life of a Methodist lay reader. Talk about hardcore.

By 1784, things were getting official. Methodism was booming, but there was a bit of a snag. The American Revolution had severed ties with the Church of England, leaving American Methodists without the sacraments – baptism, communion, the whole shebang. Enter John Wesley, Methodism's founding father, who decided enough was enough. He ordained his buddy Thomas Coke, a Church of England priest, to ordain Asbury and be his co-superintendent for the American Methodists. With a laying on of hands (very official-sounding), Methodism in America got its long-awaited legitimacy.

The Ordination of Bishop Asbury, an engraving of an 1882 painting of the scene

And then came the boom. The 1784 Christmas Conference marked the birth of the Methodist Episcopal Church, a homegrown American denomination. With Asbury at the helm, Methodism exploded. From a measly 500 or so members, the church ballooned to over 200,000 by the time Asbury shuffled off this mortal coil in 1816.

SCANDAL There are no known scandals associated with Asbury's life or ministry.

MILITARY RECORD Asbury was not involved in the American Revolution.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Asbury's rigorous travel schedule and demanding preaching itinerary took a toll on his health, but he remained committed to his work despite physical challenges.

HOMES Asbury lived a nomadic lifestyle, often staying in the homes of fellow Methodists or in rudimentary accommodations while traveling.

TRAVEL  Asbury wasn't picky about his pulpit. Courthouses, taverns, tobacco barns – wherever he could find a crowd, Asbury would preach. He was a circuit-riding dynamo who rode an average of 6,000 miles a year, spreading the Methodist message to remote areas and pioneer new church communities.

DEATH Francis Asbury passed away on March 31, 1816, at the home of the George Arnold family in Spotsylvania County, Virginia. His death occurred as he was en route to attend the General Conference in Baltimore and was likely caused by congestive heart failure.

Initially, Asbury was buried on the Arnold family farm in Spotsylvania County. However, the 1816 General Conference ordered his body to be reinterred in Baltimore. On May 10, 1816, his remains were moved to the Eutaw Street Church in Baltimore. This reburial was marked by a massive funeral procession attended by an estimated 20,000 to 30,000 people, reflecting his immense influence and popularity.

In 1854, Asbury's remains were relocated once more to Mount Olivet Cemetery in Baltimore. He was laid to rest in the "Bishops' Lot," a prominent section of the cemetery designated for Methodist leaders. This final move symbolized his enduring legacy within the Methodist Episcopal Church. (1)

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Asbury's life and legacy have been celebrated in numerous books, articles, and documentaries, highlighting his pivotal role in the expansion of Methodism in America.

ACHIEVEMENTS Asbury's most significant achievement was his instrumental role in establishing Methodism as a major religious movement in the United States.

Ordained thousands of preachers and helped spread Methodism westward across the frontier.

Championed social justice and spoke out against slavery.

Sources (1) Resource UMC (2) Wesley Center Online

King Arthur

NAME King Arthur Pendragon

WHAT FAMOUS FOR King Arthur is most famous for leading the defense of Britain against Saxon invaders in the late 5th and early 6th centuries, as well as for his legendary sword, Excalibur, and his Knights of the Round Table. Before I go any further I'd better warn you that Arthur's life is too shrouded in legend for any of these or other details to be certain. His historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians so I'll leave it up to you how much you believe. 

King Arthur by Charles Ernest Butler (1903)

BIRTH The exact date and place of King Arthur's birth are shrouded in mystery and subject to legend. Some tales place his birth at Tintagel Castle in Cornwall in the late 5th century AD, while others suggest he was born in other regions of Britain.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Arthur's mother was Duchess Igraine of Cornwall and his father Uther Pendragon, a legendary king of sub Roman Britain. 

A some stage an enchanter and magician called Merlin took Arthur from his biological parents and brought him to the estate of one of his barons, Sir Ector. Merlin did not reveal the boy's true identity, and Ector took him on and raised him as his own son. 

CHILDHOOD Arthur was not informed of his royal ancestry by Sir Ector and was kept in obscurity until he pulled the mighty, magic sword Excalibur from a block of stone. This act could not be performed by anyone except by "the true king," which proved he was the rightful heir to Uther Pendragon's throne. According to Tennyson: "They found a naked child upon the sand Of dark Tintagil by the Cornish sea And that was Arthur; and they foster'd him Till he by miracle was approven king." 

EDUCATION Arthur received education in the ways of chivalry, leadership, and warfare from various tutors and mentors, including Merlin the wizard.

CAREER RECORD Well, the Excalibur story was a critical part of Arthur's CV so I'll start with that. According to Sir Thomas Mallory's Le Morte D'Arthur , in a churchyard at the "greatest church in London", there was a huge stone with a sword embedded in an anvil. On it was written the legend "Whoso pulleth out this sword from this stone and anvil is right and wise king born of all England". So Arthur, who was sixteen at the time, pulled it free, he became king and the sword became Excalibur. He made it sound so easy. 

Confusingly there is an alternative version that Excalibur was given to Arthur by the Lady of the Lake sometime after he began to reign.

Arthur receiving the later tradition's sword Excalibur in N. C. Wyeth's illustration for The Boy's King Arthur (1922),

His actual CV would read as follows: 519-552 This period is blank in the history of Britain. It is assumed that Arthur made his reputation then. In other words, nothing is known about the career of King Arthur. 

APPEARANCE  King Arthur was described in legend as a noble and handsome figure, with a regal bearing that commanded respect.

FASHION Arthur likely wore attire befitting his status as a king, often adorned in richly embroidered robes and armor during formal occasions and battles.

CHARACTER Arthur was chivalrous, a wise and valiant leader. He liked good conversation round a round table. Basically he was a good knight.

SENSE OF HUMOUR While Arthur's responsibilities as king were weighty, he likely possessed a dry wit and enjoyed the camaraderie of his knights during lighter moments.

RELATIONSHIPS Arthur's beautiful wife Guinevere, the daughter of his ally Leondegrance, fell in love with one of Arthur's most trusted knights, Sir Lancelot and their relationship brought about the last great battle and Arthur's death. Guinevere retired to a nunnery at Amesbury where she died. His fellowship of Round Table was also destroyed by Guinevere's love for Lancelot. 

MONEY AND FAME As king, Arthur would have had access to the wealth and resources of his kingdom, though his primary focus was on justice and the well-being of his subjects rather than personal riches or fame.

In the Middle Ages Arthurian legends were known throughout Western Europe as far as Italy.

FOOD AND DRINK Arthur likely enjoyed lavish feasts and banquets, showcasing the bounty of his kingdom. He may have favored traditional British fare such as roasted meats, hearty stews, and ale.

MUSIC AND ARTS While not explicitly mentioned in legend, Arthur's court would have likely been a patron of the arts, with musicians, poets, and artists entertaining the king and his guests.

LITERATURE King Arthur's legend has inspired countless works of literature, from medieval romances to modern novels and films.

NATURE Arthur's kingdom was closely tied to the natural world, with forests, lakes, and mountains featuring prominently in the Arthurian legends.

Cavall was known as Arthur's favorite hunting dog. Apparently, the mutt had a nose for a boar that could sniff out a truffle convention from a mile off.  They even had this posh custom where Cavall, being top dog (literally and figuratively), wouldn't get unleashed until the rest of the pack was already hot on the trail of a stag. Talk about pressure!

But Cavall's real claim to fame came with a legendary boar called Twrch Trwyth (though some sources insist on the terribly uninspired Troynt). The details are a bit hazy, as legend often is, but the gist is that Cavall proved himself a fearsome hunting companion.

Now, things get interesting. Some 9th-century bloke decided to spice up the story by claiming Cavall left his paw print right in a solid rock during this epic boar chase. Apparently, this wasn't your average doggy doodle – it was one of the "Wonders of Britain." They even said the print had a mind of its own, mysteriously returning to the rock no matter how far someone might try to cart it off. Makes you wonder what that boar was feeding on to leave paw prints that defy the laws of physics!

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Arthur likely enjoyed hunting, falconry, and tournaments, common pastimes among medieval nobility.

SCIENCE AND MATHS While not a focus of his reign, Arthur would have been aware of basic scientific and mathematical principles of his time, as they pertained to navigation, engineering, and military strategy.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Arthur's reign was characterized by a sense of honor, duty, and adherence to the Christian faith, though he respected the beliefs of others, including the Druidic traditions of Britain.

The members of the Order of the Knights of the Round Table at King Arthur's court were drawn from the finest English knights. The order consisted of 150 Christians from every race who vowed to oppose the progress of paganism, be loyal to the British throne, protect the defenceless and show mercy to the fallen. Its chief mission was to seek after the Holy Grail. (The chalice used by Jesus at the Last Supper). The round table was round to avoid arguments over who sits at the top of the table amongst the knights. The table is now in Castle Hall, Winchester.

The Round Table experiences a vision of the Holy Grail, an illumination by Évrard d'Espinques (c. 1475

SCANDAL The most infamous scandal associated with King Arthur is the affair between Queen Guinevere and Sir Lancelot, which ultimately led to the downfall of Arthur's kingdom.

Whether Arthur was just a rumour or reality has not been historically proven. Milton claims that Arthur never existed- he said of him "As to Arthur, more renowned in songs and romances than in true stories, who he was and whether ever any such reigned in Britain hath been doubted heretofore and may again with good reason." 

In the movie Monty Python and the Holy Grail, Arthur explains that he is king because he got Excalibur from the lady of the lake. A peasant union leader replies "strange women in ponds is no basis for a system of government." 

MILITARY RECORD Arthur achieved numerous victories against the Saxons and other enemies of Britain, earning him a reputation as a formidable warrior and leader.

Britain's leading warrior of the dark ages began his martial career about 500 on becoming king when he declared war on the invading Saxons. The war lasted 20 years and the final battle at Mount Badon (approx. 522) near Bath, where Arthur carried a Christian cross on his shoulders, was so emphatic that the Saxon confederation was completely crushed. 

Dryden celebrated Arthur's feats at Mount Badon thus: "They sung how he himself at Badon bore, that day When at the glorious goal his British sceptre lay Two dais together how the battle strong he stood; Pendragon's worthe son, who waded there in blood Three hundred Saxons slew with his owne valiant hand." 

It is said that after seeing off the Saxon invaders Arthur conquered Gaul, Denmark, North Germany and Scandinavia. He was then called home to defend his country against his nephew Mordred. In the final Battle of Camlan both Arthur and his traitorous nephew fell. Some European historians substantiate this 

HOMES King Arthur had several residences, but his favorite was Camelot. The site of Camelot was either the modern Caerleon on the southern border of Wales, near Newport or the great Iron Age hill fort at South Cadbury in Somerset. Its meant to be Cadbury Castle, but you'd have to be a fruit and nut case to refer to the ancient fort as a proper castle. Actually many places in the west of England and Wales lay claim to being the site of Arthur's castle but no one has come up with any living proof. However to quote the wise words of Lerner and Loewe in their musical Camelot: "Don't let it be forgot That once there was a spot For one brief shining moment That was known as Camelot." 

TRAVEL Arthur's travels were primarily within the British Isles, as he sought to defend his kingdom from invaders and maintain order within his realm.

According to Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae, after creating an Arthurian empire through his conquests of Ireland, Iceland and the Orkney Islands. After twelve years of peace, Arthur sets out to expand his empire once more, taking control of Norway, Denmark and Gaul. 

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS As a warrior king, Arthur would have maintained a high level of physical fitness, honed through training, battle, and outdoor pursuits.

After being wounded at the Battle of Camlan, Arthur was mysteriously carried away to the island of Avalon to be healed of his wound. 

DEATH King Arthur was busy conquering all on continental Europe, when he was called home as his nephew Mordred had rebelled and seized the kingdom. In the final battle of Camlan at Slaughter Bridge, one mile north of Camelford in South West England both Arthur and Mordred fell pierced by each other's spears. 

On his deathbed he commanded that his trusty sword Excalibur be returned to the Lady of the Lake. Geoffrey of Monmouth records the death of Arthur as being in 537. After his death he was taken to Avalon (thought to be Glastonbury.) In Celtic mythology Avalon was the place of rest and reward for departed heroes. He was allegedly buried in the grounds of Glastonbury Abbey. 

On Arthur's tombstone according to Sir Thomas Malory was written "Hic Jacet Arthras rex Quondam Rexque futurus". (Here lies Arthur, the once and future king.) The implication being he may come again to reign. His grave was opened by command of Henry II in 1150. 

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA  1. The first allusion to Arthur is found in the Welsh poem Y Gododdin (about 600). He was first specifically mentioned in Historia Britonium by the Welsh monk Nennius, a historical work that was first written sometime shortly after AD 833. Or maybe it was all just a Dark Age wind up. 

The fully developed legend appears in the 12th century Historia Regum Brittaniae by the English chronicler Geoffrey of Monmouth. Its popularity led to a stream of medieval Arthurian romances, culminating in Le Morte d'Arthur, a collection of Arthurian legends gathered together by Sir Thomas Malory in a single work in the late 15th century. 

Later King Arthur was used by Edmund Spenser as the "Perfect Knight" in his epic Elizabethan allegory The Faerie Queen(1590-99), 

Tennyson wrote a series of 12 narrative poems, Idylls of the King about Arthur between 1856 and 1885 and Mark Twain penned his early time travel novel, A Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur's Court in 1889. 

2. The original theatrical musical version of Camelot 1960 by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe, which was all about Arthur's court. 

3. A number of films have been made about the life and times of King Arthur including:    

                    

(a) Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975) where Arthur and his page Pasty look for that elusive Holy Grail.
(b) Camelot (1960). The film version of the 1960 musical with Richard Harris as the king. 

(c) The Sword in the Stone (1963). A Disney cartoon version based on the 1938 novel of the same name by T.H. White.

(d) Excalibur (1981) a modern version of Malory's Morte d'Arthur with Nigel Terry as Arthur. 

(e) First Knight (1995) with Sean Connery as King Arthur and that authentic Brit Richard Gere portraying a maverick Sir Lancelot. 

(f) King Arthur (2004) The 2nd century AD Roman military commander Lucius Artorius Castus is identified as King Arthur in this movie. Artorius is moved forwards 300 years to become a contemporary of the Saxons.

4 In a famous Carling Black label advert, the Lady of the Lake becomes one of a team of synchronised swimmers. 

5. In 1691 Henry Purcell wrote a five act opera King Arthur based on his battles with The Saxons. The dramatist John Dryden penned the words.

6. Rick Wakeman did a progressive rock concept album The Myths and Legends of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table, which was released in 1975. He also produced a musical spectacular on ice complete with a 45 piece orchestra and a 48 piece choir. 

ACHIEVEMENTS A cult figure of the Middle Ages, King Arthur not only protected England from the invading Saxons and possibly conquered parts of Northern Europe, but also invented chivalry. Shame he probably didn't exist.

Chester A. Arthur

NAME Chester A. Arthur

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Chester A. Arthur was the 21st President of the United States, serving from 1881 to 1885. He is known for his efforts to reform the civil service system and for his role in advocating for civil rights for African Americans.

BIRTH Chester Alan Arthur was born on October 5, 1829, in Fairfield, Vermont, United States. He was named "Chester" after Chester Abell, the physician and family friend who assisted in his birth, and "Alan" for his paternal grandfather.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Arthur was the son of William Arthur, an abolitionist preacher in the Free Will Baptists denomination, a group of people that believe in free grace, free salvation and free will, and Malvina Stone Arthur. His father immigrated to the United States from Ireland, while his mother was born in Vermont. Arthur's family had modest means but placed a strong emphasis on education and moral values.

CHILDHOOD Arthur spent his childhood in Vermont, where he was raised in a household deeply involved in community affairs and the anti-slavery movement.

EDUCATION He attended Union College in Schenectady, New York, where he excelled academically and developed an interest in law.

CAREER RECORD After completing his education, Arthur moved to New York City to pursue a career in law. After a detour into education, where Arthur briefly held the grand title of Principal at the rather modestly sized North Pownal Academy (think classrooms in his dad's church basement), destiny took a turn. Arthur, by some twist of fate, ended up as the lawyer for Elizabeth Jennings Graham, a Black woman who simply wanted a seat on a segregated streetcar. Arthur, to everyone's surprise, won the case, and poof! Desegregated streetcars for all of New York. Not a bad first foray into law.

Roscoe Conkling, a powerful senator who took Arthur under his wing. Soon, Arthur found himself as the Collector of the Port of New York, a fancy way of saying he raked in the big bucks for the government. But then came reform and a new president, Rutherford B. Hayes, who gave Arthur the boot. Ouch.

Luckily, political fortunes can change faster than a New York minute. James Garfield, the next Republican nominee for president, needed a vice president to balance the ticket. Enter Arthur, somewhat reluctantly. Then, tragedy struck. Garfield got shot, succumbed to his wounds, and before you could say "constitutional crisis," Chester A. Arthur, the man who once brawled over politics, was sworn in as the 21st president.

President Arthur, it turned out, was a bit of a reformer himself. He championed the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, which aimed to take the patronage (read: political bribery) out of government jobs. He also oversaw a Navy revival, which was good, because let's face it, a country needs a decent Navy. But he wasn't everyone's cup of tea. The ever-growing federal budget surplus? Not tackled to everyone's satisfaction. And then there was the Chinese Exclusion Act, a law that slammed the door shut on Chinese immigration for decades – a real black mark on his record.

His resume is as follows:

Lawyer in New York City

Quartermaster General of New York during the Civil War

Collector of the Port of New York (1871-1878)

20th Vice President of the United States (1881)

September 20, 1881 Sworn in as 21st President of the United States

APPEARANCE Arthur was known for his distinctive appearance, and fashionable attire. He was tall and distinguished with a neatly groomed beard, mustache  and sideburns. 

Chester A Arthur

FASHION Arthur was known for his impeccable fashion sense, often seen wearing tailored suits and stylish accessories. earning him the nickname "Elegant Arthur." He had an ahem, extensive pants collection. 80 pairs! The man had more trousers than a haberdashery.

CHARACTER Arthur was described as affable, charming, and diplomatic, with a knack for building consensus and maintaining good relationships with colleagues and political allies.

SPEAKING VOICE Chester A. Arthur's speaking voice is described in historical accounts as resembling that of "a gentle-voiced Episcopalian minister" by Julia Sand, a woman who corresponded with him during his presidency. This description suggests a calm, refined, and soothing tone, consistent with his reputation for dignity and formality. (1)

SENSE OF HUMOR Arthur was known to possess a dry humor, which he often used to diffuse tension in political situations. He was a witty storyteller 

RELATIONSHIPS Arthur  married Ellen "Nell" Herndon on October 25, 1859, at Calvary Episcopal Church in New York City. Their place on Lexington Avenue became famous for the shindigs they threw. Big social gatherings were their thing. 

They had three children together, though tragedy struck early on when one, poor little William, died at just two and a half from convulsions. A terrible blow.

Sadly, Nell never got to see Chester take the big seat. Pneumonia took her before he even became vice president in 1880. 

With Nell gone, Chester's sister, Mary, stepped in as the White House hostess during his presidency. But Chester never forgot his wife. Every single day he was in the White House, he had fresh flowers placed in front of Nell's portrait. 

MONEY AND FAME Arthur enjoyed a comfortable lifestyle but was not excessively wealthy. His fame came primarily from his political career and his tenure as President of the United States.

Arthur had a taste for the finer things. He brought in Louis Comfort Tiffany, the Tiffany guy, to redecorate the White House. To fund this fancy makeover, he even held a White House yard sale (or, as they delicately called it, a "public auction"). Imagine Abraham Lincoln's pants going up for grabs!

FOOD AND DRINK Arthur was known to enjoy fine dining and appreciated gourmet cuisine.

MUSIC AND ARTS He had a fondness for classical music and supported the arts during his presidency.

LITERATURE Arthur was an avid reader and had a particular interest in history and political philosophy.

NATURE He enjoyed spending time outdoors and was known to appreciate the natural beauty of the American landscape.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Arthur enjoyed horseback riding and billiards and was an enthusiastic supporter of various sports, including baseball.

SCIENCE AND MATHS While not a scientist or mathematician himself, Arthur supported initiatives to advance scientific research and education during his presidency.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Arthur's political philosophy was rooted in the principles of liberty, equality, and justice. He was a firm believer in the Constitution and the rule of law.

Arthur taking the oath of office at his home

A moderate abolitionist, as a lawyer, Arthur defended several runaway slaves and was an early activist in the New York Republican party.

Arthur was raised in a religious household, but his personal beliefs are not well documented

SCANDAL Arthur's presidency was overshadowed by accusations of corruption and cronyism, particularly regarding his involvement in the New York City Customs House.

MILITARY RECORD The Civil War saw Arthur as a quartermaster general, a title that sounds ripped from the pages of a Tolkien novel but basically meant he wrangled supplies for the state's troops. He did this with surprising efficiency and honesty, which wasn't always a given in those days. This earned him a coveted spot in the New York Republican organization, a stepping stone to bigger things.

He worked to modernize the U.S. Navy and improve infrastructure during his presidency.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Arthur struggled with health issues in his later life, including Bright's disease, a kidney ailment that eventually led to his death.

HOMES Arthur lived in various residences throughout his life, including in New York City, Albany, New York and Washington, D.C.

TRAVEL As president, Arthur traveled extensively throughout the United States, visiting various states and participating in ceremonial events.

LAST YEARS AND DEATH Chester A. Arthur battled Bright's disease, a nasty kidney ailment, throughout his presidency, keeping it all under wraps. He even made a half-hearted run for reelection in 1884, but ill health and, let's be honest, a lack of enthusiasm, put the kibosh on that.

Leaving office in 1885, Arthur retreated to New York, a respected but not exactly beloved figure. By 1886, his health had deteriorated further, and on a fateful November day, he ordered a bonfire of his personal and political papers. The next day, a stroke robbed him of consciousness, and the following day, November 18, 1886, at the young age of 57, Chester A. Arthur passed away. He is buried in the Albany Rural Cemetery in Menands, New York, in a family plot. A large sarcophagus marks his resting place, topped with a statue of a draped figure symbolizing mourning and memory.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Arthur has been depicted in various films, television shows, and literature, often as a supporting character in stories about American history and politics.

ACHIEVEMENTS Signed the Pendleton Civil Service Act, reforming the federal employment system.

Oversaw a period of economic growth and naval expansion.

Championed civil rights for African Americans.

Source (1) The Imaginative Conservative