Saint Ambrose

NAME Ambrose (Aurelius Ambrose)

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Ambrose is famous for being a prominent bishop and theologian, known for his role in the conversion of St. Augustine and his strong influence on early Christian theology.

Matthias Stom Saint Ambrose 1633-1639

BIRTH b340 Trier, South Gaul, now Germany.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Ambrose came from a noble Roman family. His father was a Roman prefect in Gaul and his mother was a woman of intellect and piety.

CHILDHOOD There is a legend that when he was a baby, a swarm of bees settled on little Ambrose's face while he lay in his cradle, leaving behind a drop of honey. His father considered this a sign of his future honeyed-tongued eloquence.

Ambrose spent his early years in Trier, where he likely received a classical education. His family moved to Rome, and after his father's death, Ambrose went to study in Rome and later became a lawyer.

EDUCATION Ambrose was early destined to follow his father's career, and accordingly had a classical education in Rome, where he studied law.

On being appointed Bishop of Milan in 374, Ambrose he put himself under the instruction of Saint Simplician to lean Scripture and Theology.

CAREER RECORD Here's a brief CV of Ambrose.

370 Appointed a Consular Magistrate in Upper Italy with his headquarters at Milan. In this office Ambrose's kindness and wisdom won the esteem and love of the people.

374 Appointed Bishop of Milan. Ambrose became the most distinguished Ecclesiastic in Italy despite having no priesthood experience. Why he was appointed, you'll just have to be patient- all will be revealed before the end of this trivial biography.

As Bishop, Ambrose 

Championed Nicene Christianity against the Arian heresy

Advocated for the Church's independence from imperial authority

Influenced Roman emperor Theodosius I in matters of faith and politics

Was known for his impactful sermons and writings

APPEARANCE: Historical accounts offer little detailed information about his physical appearance, , but he was likely of average height and carried the dignified demeanor expected of a bishop..

FASHION: As a bishop, Ambrose would have worn ecclesiastical robes typical of his position, adhering to the modest and symbolic attire of the clergy in that era.

CHARACTER Ambrose was elegant, civilised, kind, wise, an efficient administrator.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Saint Ambrose gave St Augustine the following advice "When in Rome, live as the Romans do, when elsewhere live as they do elsewhere." Not the funniest quip you've ever heard, but 1,500 years down the line it remains a well known saying.

RELATIONSHIPS Ambrose was a good friend of Monica, St Augustine's mother. He was instrumental in Augustine's conversion.

Ambrose remained celibate all his life. He viewed virginity as superior to marriage and is alleged to have founded an institution for virgins in Rome. However, Augustine reports in his Confessions that celibacy was not easy. He wrote: "Ambrose himself I esteemed a happy man, as the world counted happiness, because great personages held him in honor. Only his celibacy appeared to me a painful burden."

Ambrose maintained close relationships with his sister, Marcellina, and brother, Satyrus

He developed strong bonds with his clergy and congregation

MONEY AND FAME On being appointed bishop, Ambrose immediately gave his property to the poor and having set the example, from then on he often reproached the wealthy for ignoring the poor. When the Goths invaded the Empire and took captives and hostages, Ambrose took all the gold vessels belonging to the church and melted them down in order to raise the ransom money to buy back the captives. He argued that the church possessed gold not to hoard but to use to help the unfortunate.

Ambrose gained significant fame and influence due to his position and writings.

FOOD AND DRINK: His lifestyle, in keeping with his Christian values, likely involved simple and modest meals, abstaining from excesses.

MUSIC AND ARTS Ambrose was musical and composed several hymns, which each had eight four-line stanzas. The best known is the hymn "Te Deum," which is based on the text "Te Deum Laudamus", ("We praise thee O God"). It is claimed it originated when Ambrose was baptising St Augustine on Easter Vigil on April 25, 387. He improvised the hymn starting with the words "Te Deum Laudamus."

Painting of Ambrose's Baptism by Gozzoli

Troubled that in the Mass one individual sang all the Psalms and hymns whilst the congregation merely listened. Ambrose introduced to the western church congregational singing, antiphonal singing which allowed congregation to sing alternating parts of the music.

The story goes that the first recorded instance of communal singing in church was during a sit in of the Milan Basilica when the congregation had locked themselves inside. They had been forced into this action as the Empress, Justina, was demanding that Ambrose’s basilica be handed over for Arian worship, sending imperial troops to fulfil this by starving the distressed congregation out. On Palm Sunday, Ambrose preached a sermon about not giving up churches. In order to calm the people, the musical bishop taught them to sing the hymns he had composed and he split the congregation in two in order to alternate verses of the hymns. Hearing this the hearts of the soldiers softened, they joined in the singing and ended the siege. Surprisingly this story has yet to be made into a musical.

Such was Ambrose's speaking and preaching ability that the title "Honey Tongued Doctor" was bestowed upon him. However it is denied by musical historians that it was Ambrose who composed "The Bee Song."

LITERATURE Clever clogs Ambrose was also a poet and a writer of a number of exegetical treatises plus a manual of Christian morality.

Ambrose was one of the first people to practise silent reading. Most of his contemporaries, including Augustine, thought it was impossible to read without translating the words into sound and mouthing them. Augustine was clearly impressed that Ambrose had this skill. He wrote in Confessions: "When [Ambrose] read, his eyes scanned the page and his heart sought out the meaning, but his voice was silent and his tongue was still. Anyone could approach him freely and guests were not commonly announced, so that often, when we came to visit him, we found him reading like this in silence, for he never read aloud."

NATURE Saint Ambrose is recognised by the Catholic church as the patron saint of bee keepers, bees and domestic animals. Ambrose's association with bees was due to his title "Honey Tongued Doctor."

Ambrose's writings occasionally reference nature as a reflection of God's creation, emphasizing its spiritual significance.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Given his religious vocation, Ambrose's time was likely dedicated to prayer, study, and pastoral duties rather than secular hobbies or sports.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: Ambrose focused primarily on theology and philosophy

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY I promised to tell you the story of how Ambrose came to be appointed the Bishop of Milan, so are you sitting comfortably? 374AD was a difficult year in the diocese of Milan. Heresies were threatening to divide the church and the two sides, the Arians and the Catholics couldn't agree on fundamental theological issues. When Auxentius, the Bishop of Milan died, everything came to a head. Should an Arian or Catholic bishop be elected? Ambrose, who was at the time, the Roman governor for the area, fearing an uproar, went to the basilica where the election was due to take place and made a speech urging the people to make their choice peacefully. The governor was completely thrown when a crowd started shouting “Ambrose for Bishop!” 

He run away, appealing to the Emperor that as he hadn't any theological training or even been baptized he was surely not the right man for the job. However because Ambrose was acceptable to both parties, the emperor believed him to be the right man. The theologically neutral governor hid in a senator’s house before reluctantly accepting the decision. Ambrose was baptized, ordained and consecrated within a week before proceeding, as an example to his flock, to give away his property to the poor.

Saint Ambrose barring Theodosius from Milan Cathedral by Anthony van Dyck

The honey-tongued Ambrose's preaching helped convert Saint Augustine of Hippo, whom Ambrose baptized and brought into the Church. A man of strong principals, he bravely denied admission to the church to the Eastern Roman Emperor Theodosius for eight months after he had ordered a massacre of rebels in Thessalonica, who had burned down a synagogue. The emperor later recanted. The former lawyer student remained as the Bishop of Milan until his death of natural causes in 397, having . successfully used his legal and oratory skills to combat the Arian heresy.

SCANDAL: Ambrose is not associated with any personal scandals. However, his confrontations with secular authorities, including the Roman emperors, are notable.

MILITARY RECORD When the Emperor Valentinian I, who was a man of peace, died, the Arian Empress Justina became a regent for her 4 year old son imaginatively named Valentinian II. Maximum, a Roman soldier, threatened to stage a coup but Ambrose told him to buzz off and persuaded him not to invade. In 385 Justina showed her appreciation for Ambrose's diplomatic efforts by demanding Ambrose's basilica be handed over to Arian worship sending soldiers to help persuade the bishop. Ambrose refused to give up the temple of God and and said that God sent soldiers not to fight but to pray. On Palm Sunday, Ambrose preached a sermon about not giving up churches. The honey-tongued bishop and the fearful congregation barricaded themselves in the basilica and the imperial troops surrounded it attempting to starve the people out. Ambrose got the scared congregation to sing outside, the hearts of the soldiers outside softened, they joined in the prayers and ended the siege.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Details about his health are limited, but he appears to have had the vigor necessary for his demanding role as bishop.

HOMES: As Bishop of Milan, Ambrose resided in the episcopal residence in Milan. His childhood home in Trier and any subsequent residences are less documented.

TRAVEL: Ambrose traveled to various locations for diplomatic and ecclesiastical matters. Notably, he went to the Holy Land on a pilgrimage.

DEATH Ambrose died of natural causes in Milan on April 4, 397 at about the age of 57. It is not clear what year he was born, if you come across his birth certificate, could you let me know?

Ambrose's body may still be viewed in the church of Sant'Ambrogio in Milan.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Ambrose is depicted in various paintings and sculptures throughout history.

He's featured in some historical novels and films

ACHIEVEMENTS Quite a few achievements to list, so lets get started...

1. Ambrose established the regular use of hymns and Psalms in Western Christian liturgy by opening up singing to the church congregation. He devised the Ambrosian chant which is still used in Milan and originated Te Deum which is still used in Roman Catholic liturgy.
2. The fluent and powerful orator was influential in Saint Augustine's conversion.
3. Saint Ambrose is the Patron Saint of Milan and his Feast Day December 7th, was the date of his ordination.
4. The Ambrosian library in Milan, which was founded in 1609 and contains priceless manuscripts, is named after him.
5. Ambrose is recognised as one of the original four Doctors of the Church, along with Augustine, Jerome and Pope Gregory II.
6. Having originally ran away from God's call, when Ambrose accepted it he dedicated himself completely to it.
7. Ambrose helped establish the medieval concept of a Christian Emperor serving under orders from Christ and so subject to advice of his Bishop.

8. And did I mention that he was honey tongued...?

My main source is http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Ambrose

Isabel Allende

NAME: Isabel Allende  

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Internationally acclaimed author known for her novels that blend magical realism, historical fiction, and feminism. Her most famous works include "The House of the Spirits" and "City of the Beasts."

BIRTH: August 2, 1942, Lima, Peru

FAMILY BACKGROUND: Daughter of Tomás Allende, a Chilean diplomat, and Francisca Llona, a journalist and feminist activist. Her father's cousin was Salvador Allende, the first socialist president of Chile.

CHILDHOOD: Lived in Peru, Bolivia, and Lebanon due to her father's diplomatic career. Witnessed political turmoil and experienced personal struggles, such as her parents' separation.

EDUCATION: Attended various schools in different countries, including the British School in Beirut and the Alliance Française in Santiago, Chile. Began a journalism career at a young age.

CAREER RECORD: Worked as a journalist in Chile, writing for publications like Paula magazine and writing children's stories.

Fled Chile to Venezuela in 1973 after the Pinochet coup d'état, which led to the death of her uncle, President Salvador Allende.

Began writing fiction in Venezuela, with her debut novel The House of the Spirits published in 1982, becoming a global bestseller.

Continued writing prolifically, publishing over 20 novels, short stories, and essays, translated into more than 35 languages and selling over 67 million copies worldwide.

APPEARANCE: Described as having a warm smile, expressive eyes, and a youthful demeanor.

Allende in Germany in 2015. By Lesekreis - Own work, Wikipedia

FASHION: Known for her elegant and understated style, often favoring comfortable and classic pieces with a touch of bohemian flair..

CHARACTER: Strong, independent, and passionate. Known for her commitment to social justice and human rights.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Allende's writing often reflects a subtle sense of humor, blending wit with profound observations.

RELATIONSHIPS: Married Miguel Frías in 1962, with whom she had two children, Paula and Nicolás. He tragically died in 1987.

Married attorney and novelist Willie Gordon in 1988, who passed away in 2015.

Married lawyer Roger Cukras in 2019.

MONEY AND FAME: Achieved significant financial success through her writing career. Actively uses her platform to advocate for causes she believes in.

FOOD AND DRINK: Allende is a known food enthusiast, and her writing often includes vivid descriptions of meals and culinary experiences.

MUSIC AND ARTS: She has a deep appreciation for the arts and incorporates cultural elements into her storytelling.

LITERATURE: A voracious reader herself, she cites Gabriel García Márquez and Virginia Woolf as literary influences.

Allende has spoken about having specific writing rituals, like starting her workday early and writing in longhand, 

According to the book The Creative Trance: Altered States of Consciousness and the Creative Process by Stan Krippner, she insists on starting every novel on January 8. 

She said: "Sometimes, men say to me: “I don’t read books by women.” Usually, it’s older men.’"

NATURE: Her writing often reflects an appreciation for nature, drawing inspiration from the landscapes of Chile.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Allende is known for her love of literature, travel, and connecting with people. She has also expressed interest in spiritual practices. 

SCIENCE AND MATHS: Her primary interests lie in the realms of literature and social issues.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Raised Catholic, her personal beliefs are not explicitly stated, but her work often explores themes of faith, spirituality, and the human condition.

SCANDAL: Allende has not been involved in any major scandals, maintaining a reputation focused on her literary contributions.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Maintains an active lifestyle and prioritizes her well-being.

HOMES: Lived in various countries throughout her life, including Chile, Venezuela, the United States, and Spain.

TRAVEL: Extensive travels have inspired and informed her writing, providing diverse cultural and geographical settings for her stories.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Allende has made numerous appearances in the media for interviews, literary events, and discussions related to her works.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Literary success and critical acclaim for her novels, influencing generations of readers worldwide.

The Chilean-American writer is the world’s most widely read Spanish-language author.

Championing human rights and social justice through her writing and activism.

Founding the Isabel Allende Foundation, dedicated to empowering women and children.

Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby

NAME: Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Leading the British victory in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign during World War I, capturing Jerusalem and driving the Ottomans out of the region.

BIRTH: April 23, 1861, Brackenhurst Hall, Nottinghamshire, England

FAMILY BACKGROUND: Allenby came from a military family. His father, Lieutenant Colonel Hynman Allenby, served in the Royal Engineers, and his mother was Catherine Anne Allenby.

CHILDHOOD: Allenby spent his early years in Nottinghamshire, England, enjoying the rural surroundings and developing an early interest in military matters. He enjoyed activities like horse riding and hunting.

EDUCATION: Attended Haileybury College, a private school in Hertfordshire, and the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst,. His military training laid the foundation for his future achievements.

CAREER RECORD: 1882: Commissioned into the 6th (Inniskilling) Dragoons.

1884-85: Served in the Bechuanaland Expedition.

1888: Served in Zululand.

1899-1902: Served in the Second Boer War, earning a reputation for his cavalry leadership.

1910-1914: Inspector General of Cavalry in the British Army.

1914-1917: Served in various command positions on the Western Front in World War I, including the Cavalry Corps and the 3rd Army.

1917-1918: Commanded the Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, achieving significant victories over Ottoman forces.

1919-1925: Served as the High Commissioner for Egypt, overseeing a turbulent period in the country's history.

APPEARANCE: Described as tall and imposing, with a strong jawline and a serious expression. Allenby was known for his imposing presence and a distinctive mustache.

Field Marshal Viscount Allenby

FASHION: In his military career, Allenby was recognized for his elegant uniforms, displaying the prestige and authority befitting his rank. 

He wore the standard uniform of a British Field Marshal, including tailored dress and military medals.

CHARACTER: Known for his determination, discipline, and strong leadership qualities. He could also be short-tempered and have a strict demeanor.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Described as possessing a dry sense of humor, which he rarely displayed in public.

RELATIONSHIPS: Married Dorothy Violet Heber-Percy in 1896, and they had one son, Horace Michael Hynman Allenby.

MONEY AND FAME: Due to his military achievements, Allenby was awarded numerous honors and titles, including Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB), Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Michael and St. George (GCMG), Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order (GCVO), and Knight of the Order of Saint John (KStJ). He was also elevated to the peerage as Viscount Allenby of Megiddo in 1919.

FOOD AND DRINK: His tastes were typical of the Victorian era, favoring traditional British cuisine.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Allenby was not particularly known for his involvement in the arts but appreciated classical music.

LITERATURE: He had an interest in military history and literature, often engaging with books on strategy and tactics.

NATURE: Growing up in a rural environment, Allenby had an appreciation for nature and outdoor activities.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Enjoyed horse riding and hunting in his younger years. His love of horseback riding was a skill that served him well in his military career.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: While not prominently known for scientific or mathematical pursuits, Allenby's military strategy showcased a practical understanding of these fields.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: His strong sense of duty and discipline were influenced by a Victorian ethos and a Protestant upbringing.

In 1917, following Edmund Allenby's recapture of Jerusalem from the Ottoman Empire, the Balfour Declaration was issued. This significant declaration, signed by British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour on November 2, 1917, pledged British support for the establishment of a Jewish national home in Palestine. In 1922, the United Nations officially recognized the Balfour Declaration and granted Great Britain a mandate to administer Palestine, with the responsibility of overseeing the interests of both its Arab and Jewish populations.

SCANDAL: No major scandals are associated with his name.

MILITARY RECORD: Distinguished military career spanning several decades, culminating in his successful leadership during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign.

In 1918, Allenby led the Jordan Valley operations and launched the final offensive against the Turks at the Battle of Megiddo (September 19-25) which destroyed the last Turkish armies in Palestine and secured an armistice in October ending World War I in the Middle East.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Maintained a healthy and active lifestyle, remaining physically fit throughout his career.

HOMES: His primary residence was Brackenhurst, but his military career had him stationed in various locations.

TRAVEL:  Military service took Allenby to different parts of the world, including the Middle East during World War I.

DEATH: Died on May 14, 1936, in London, England, at the age of 75.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Featured in several documentaries and books focused on the history of World War I and the Middle East.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Leading the capture of Jerusalem and the Ottoman defeat in the Sinai and Palestine Campaign during World War I.

Playing a significant role in shaping the political landscape of the Middle East following the war.

Earning numerous honors and recognitions for his military service.

While information on certain aspects like personal life and interests may be limited, Edmund Allenby's legacy is primarily defined by his military achievements and their impact on the course of history.

Woody Allen

NAME Woody Allen (Original name: Allan Stewart Konigsberg)

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Renowned as a prolific filmmaker, actor, comedian, and playwright. Woody Allen is celebrated for his distinctive comedic style and contributions to American cinema.

BIRTH Born on December 1, 1935, in Brooklyn, New York, USA.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Woody Allen was born into a Jewish family. His mother, Nettie, worked as a bookkeeper, and his father, Martin, held various jobs, including serving as a jewelry engraver and waiter.

His younger sister, Letty Aronson, would later become a collaborator in his film ventures.

CHILDHOOD Growing up in Brooklyn, Allen developed an early passion for movies and comedy. He began writing jokes and short stories in his youth, displaying an early flair for humor.

EDUCATION Attended Midwood High School in Brooklyn but showed a greater interest in self-education, spending time in libraries and immersing himself in literature.

CAREER RECORD Allen’s journey began with writing for television alongside luminaries like Mel Brooks and Carl Reiner.

His humor pieces graced the pages of The New Yorker.

As a stand-up comedian in Greenwich Village, he perfected the art of the monologue, revealing an insecure, fretful persona.

He later transitioned to writing and directing films. His filmography includes classics like Annie Hall, Manhattan, and Midnight in Paris.

APPEARANCE Woody’s appearance defied Hollywood norms. His nebbish charm—glasses, disheveled hair, and intellectual aura—was his signature.

Woody Allen in 2016

FASHION Well, let’s just say he made tweed jackets and oversized glasses cool.

CHARACTER Woody Allen is characterized by his intellectualism, introspection, and a somewhat neurotic on-screen persona. His off-screen personality is known for being private and reserved.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Allen's humor is cerebral, filled with wit, wordplay, and a touch of self-deprecation. His comedic style often delves into the complexities of relationships, morality, and existential dilemmas. The Louisville Lip of comedy, he delivered punchlines with a dash of existential angst. 

Here are some examples of Woody Allen's wit:

On Relationships: "I'm astounded by people who want to 'know' the universe when it's hard enough to find your way around Chinatown."

On His Films: "I took a speed-reading course and read War and Peace in twenty minutes. It involves Russia."

On Death: "I'm not afraid of death; I just don't want to be there when it happens."

On Intelligence: "I don't want to achieve immortality through my work; I want to achieve immortality through not dying."

On Money: "Money is better than poverty, if only for financial reasons."

On Reality: "More than any time in history, mankind faces a crossroads. One path leads to despair and utter hopelessness. The other, to total extinction. Let us pray we have the wisdom to choose correctly."

On Therapy: "I am at two with nature."

On Aging: "You can live to be a hundred if you give up all the things that make you want to live to be a hundred."

RELATIONSHIPS His love life mirrored his films: complex, unconventional, and often controversial. Frrom Diane Keaton to Mia Farrow, his romantic entanglements fueled tabloids.

Allen relationships include marriages to actresses Harlene Rosen and Louise Lasser. 

His most controversial relationship was with Mia Farrow, with whom he had a long-term partnership. The relationship ended amidst a highly publicized scandal.

MONEY AND FAME As a highly successful filmmaker, Woody Allen has amassed considerable wealth and fame throughout his career, earning numerous awards, including multiple Academy Awards.

FOOD AND DRINK His diet? Perhaps a dash of existential soup, seasoned with neurotic spices. But he never turned down a good bagel.

Known for his love of New York cuisine, Allen has frequently depicted scenes set in iconic Manhattan restaurants in his films. His personal culinary preferences are private.

MUSIC AND ARTS Annie Hall. Remember that movie? Woody Allen, neurotic charm offensive in full swing, paired with the divine Diane Keaton looking like a walking vintage clothing store?  Well, it all started at the LA Film Festival, that sunny land of palm trees and questionable celebrity tans on March 27, 1977. They screened the movie there first, and let me tell you, it went over like a free mimosa at brunch.

Fast forward a bit, and guess what?  The folks at the Writers Guild of America, those folks who know a good script when they see one (even if it is riddled with Woody Allen's neuroses),  voted Annie Hall the funniest screenplay ever. 

Allen's films are often infused with jazz music, reflecting his appreciation for the art form. 

He is a skilled clarinetist. Every Monday evening, Woody Allen and his New Orleans Jazz Band take the stage at Manhattan's Carlyle Hotel, where they specialize in performing classic New Orleans jazz from the early twentieth century. A unique house rule dictates that Allen cannot be addressed by any member of the audience. Should someone break this rule and attempt to speak to him, they are promptly ejected from the club.

LITERATURE An avid reader, especially of Dostoevsky, Kafka, and other authors exploring existential themes.

He is a published author. Allen has written humorous essays, plays, and his memoir, Apropos of Nothing.

NATURE Woody’s New York was a character in itself—the city’s streets, parks, and cafes. Nature? Well, Central Park was his backyard.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Allen plays the clarinet, enjoys magic tricks, and is a passionate movie buff.

Woody was a popular student and adept baseball and basketball player at high school. 

Athletics? Well, he ran marathons of introspection.

SCIENCE AND MATHS Although not a significant focus in his public life, Allen's intellectual pursuits suggest an appreciation for scientific and mathematical concepts.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Allen's films often explore philosophical and existential themes, reflecting his interest in questions of morality, meaning, and the human condition.

SCANDAL Woody Allen became embroiled in a highly publicized scandal involving allegations of sexual misconduct with his adoptive daughter, Dylan Farrow. The controversy has had a lasting impact on his public image.

His relationship with actress Mia Farrow ended acrimoniously in 1992, after Woody Allen confessed to a relationship with Soon-Yi Previn, the adopted daughter of she and her former partner André Previn.  Allen and Soon-Yi Previn married on December 23, 1997 and have adopted two daughters. 

Soon Yi Previn and Woody Allen at the Tribeca Film Festival

MILITARY RECORD Woody’s battles are fought on celluloid, not battlefields. His weapon? The camera.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Allen has spoken openly about his hypochondria and anxiety.

His variety of neuroses include: arachnophobia (spiders), entomophobia (insects), heliophobia (sunshine), cynophobia (dogs), altophobia (heights), demophobia (crowds), carcinophobia (cancer), thanatophobia (death), misophobia (germs). He admits to being terrified of hotel bathrooms.

HOMES Allen has owned various homes throughout his life, including residences in New York City. His homes reflect a penchant for comfort and simplicity.

TRAVEL New York was his canvas, but Europe beckoned. From Parisian boulevards to Venetian canals, he wandered.

DEATH  Woody’s legacy endures, but the reel eventually fades. His final scene? Yet unwritten.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Extensive filmography, numerous television appearances, and countless interviews.

ACHIEVEMENTS Woody Allen's achievements include multiple Academy Awards, including Best Director and Best Original Screenplay for Annie Hall. He is considered one of the most influential filmmakers in the history of cinema.

His 16 Oscar Nominations for Best Original Screenplay as of 2024 are a record for that category.

Source Encyclopaedia of Trivia

Richard Allen (bishop)

NAME: Richard Allen

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Founder of the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church and a prominent abolitionist and religious leader.

BIRTH: Born on February 14, 1760, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: Richard Allen was born into slavery, but he and his family gained their freedom when he was a child. His parents were Benjamin and Sarah Allen, both of whom were slaves.

CHILDHOOD: When he was about 8, Allen and his family were sold to Stokley Sturgis, who had a plantation.

Allen's childhood was marked by the experience of slavery, but he was fortunate to gain his freedom at a young age, allowing him to pursue education and spiritual development.

EDUCATION: Despite being born into slavery, Allen was able to attend a Quaker-run school where he learned to read and write. After gaining his freedom, he educated himself while working odd jobs and travelling throughout the mid-Atlantic states preaching. Allen later pursued theological studies and became a licensed Methodist preacher.

CAREER RECORD: Richard Allen's most significant achievement was the founding of the African Methodist Episcopal Church in 1816. He also played a prominent role in the abolitionist movement, advocating for the rights and freedom of African Americans. Here's his resume:

Methodist preacher (from 1779)

Co-founder of the Free African Society (1787) - a mutual aid and abolitionist society

Founder of Bethel AME Church (1794) - the first Black church in the US

Founder of the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME Church) (1816)

Activist for abolition, education, and social justice

APPEARANCE: Allen was described as having an average size and build with a dignified and commanding presence, with a strong and determined demeanor.

Paining of Allen By Dsdugan - Self-photographed Wikipedia

FASHION: Allen's attire reflected his role as a respected religious leader, often dressing in formal and traditional clothing befitting his position.

CHARACTER: Richard Allen was known for his integrity, compassion, and unwavering commitment to social justice and equality. He was described as a natural leader.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: While Allen was a serious and dedicated leader, he also had a warm and humorous side, often using humor to connect with others and convey important messages.

RELATIONSHIPS: On the home front, Allen wasn't a lonely preacher. He married his first wife, Flora, on October 19, 1790. Flora was a rock by his side during those early church-building years. Together they were the ultimate church power couple, attending classes, buying land, and renting out space for the growing congregation. Sadly, Flora passed away on March 11, 1801 after a long illness, leaving the historical record silent on any children they might have had.

But love, as they say, finds a way. Allen found solace with Sarah Bass, a former slave who became his second wife. Sarah wasn't just some arm candy; she was another powerhouse in the soon-to-be AME Church, earning the title of "Founding Mother." Together, they had six children, solidifying Allen's legacy not just as a religious leader, but as a family man too.

He also formed close friendships and alliances with other abolitionists and religious leaders, including Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth.

MONEY AND FAME: Allen did not seek fame but instead dedicated his life to serving his community and fighting for justice and equality. While the AME Church gained prominence, Allen himself did not seek personal wealth.

FOOD AND DRINK: Allen's diet likely consisted of simple and wholesome foods common to the time period, such as grains, vegetables, and meat.

MUSIC AND ARTS: While Allen was primarily focused on his religious and abolitionist work, he appreciated the power of music and the arts in inspiring and uplifting communities.

LITERATURE: Allen was well-read and deeply influenced by religious texts and philosophical writings that informed his worldview and activism. The Bible was a huge source of inspiration.

NATURE: Allen had a deep respect for the natural world and saw it as a reflection of the divine presence in the world.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: In his limited free time, Allen may have enjoyed activities such as reading, gardening, or spending time with his family.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: While Allen did not have formal training in science and mathematics, he recognized their importance in understanding the world and improving the lives of marginalized communities.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Allen converted to Methodism as a young man and then converted his owner, who gave him his freedom. Free from servitude, Allen wasn't exactly chilling on a beach somewhere. No, this guy was a whirlwind of self-improvement, squeezing in an education between odd jobs while preaching his way up and down the mid-Atlantic states. By 1774, the Methodists saw the light (finally!) and ordained him as a preacher. Hometown hero status beckoned, and Allen hightailed it back to Philadelphia to spread the word (1786-7).

But hold on, things weren't exactly roses and hallelujahs. One Sunday service turned ugly when some white parishioners decided black folks needed their own segregated pews. Allen, never one to kowtow, wasn't having it. He rallied his fellow African-Americans and formed the Free African Society in 1787. Not content with just a social club, Allen went full-on church architect in 1794, establishing a separate Methodist church specifically for Black worshippers. Talk about building your own pulpit!

Fast forward to 1816, and Allen's vision went national. A bunch of independent black Methodist churches in the Northeast decided to join forces, forming the mighty African Methodist Episcopal Church, with Allen, our now-bishoply friend, at the helm. He led the flock until his death, and the AME Church became a powerhouse, not just in religious circles, but in the fight for civil and social justice. It's safe to say Allen built an institution that's become a cornerstone of Black America.

Richard Allen's philosophy and theology were deeply rooted in Methodist beliefs. He emphasized personal conversion, a life guided by Christian principles, and social holiness – striving for a just and moral society. However, Allen diverged from traditional Methodism in a crucial way: racial equality. He believed Black people deserved a church where they could experience full participation and leadership, free from the racial prejudice prevalent in white churches. This conviction fueled his creation of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, a space where Black theology and leadership could flourish.

SCANDAL: There were no scandals associated with Richard Allen's personal or professional life.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Allen's health may have been impacted by the hardships he faced as a former slave, but given the demands of his ministry and activism, it's likely he maintained a reasonably active lifestyle. However, the specific details remain unknown.

HOMES: Allen lived and worked primarily in Philadelphia, where he established the Mother Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church, the first independent black denomination in the United States.

TRAVEL: Allen's travels were primarily within the United States. He journeyed extensively to spread the message of the AME Church, organize new congregations, and connect with Black communities. These journeys helped solidify the AME Church's presence across the country.

DEATH: Richard Allen passed away on March 26, 1831, in Philadelphia, leaving behind a legacy of activism, faith, and social change.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: While there are no known film portrayals of Richard Allen, his story is documented in historical accounts, biographies, and materials related to the history of the AME Church. These resources offer a window into his life and lasting impact.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Richard Allen's most enduring achievement was the establishment of the African Methodist Episcopal Church, which provided a spiritual home and platform for social activism for African Americans at a time of deep racial inequality and oppression. His advocacy for abolition, education, and civil rights laid the groundwork for future generations of activists and leaders in the struggle for equality.

Muhammad Ali

NAME: Muhammad Ali (born Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr.)

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Muhammad Ali is famous for being one of the greatest professional boxers in history. He is known not only for his exceptional boxing skills but also for his charismatic personality, outspoken views, and activism outside the ring.

BIRTH: Muhammad Ali was born on January 17, 1942, in Louisville, Kentucky, USA.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: Ali was born into a working-class African American family. His father, Cassius Marcellus Clay Sr., was a painter and sign maker, while his mother, Odessa O'Grady Clay, worked as a domestic helper. Ali had a younger brother named Rudy.

CHILDHOOD: Growing up in the racially segregated South, Ali experienced discrimination and racial injustice from a young age. 

At the age of 12, Ali developed a passion for boxing after local troublemakers stole his $60 red Schwinn bike. Fuming over the theft, he encountered police officer and boxing coach Joe E. Martin. Expressing his determination to "whup" the thief, Ali was advised by Martin to first acquire boxing skills.

EDUCATION: Ali attended Central High School in Louisville, where he discovered his talent for boxing. His focus on boxing led him to a successful amateur career.

Later, he received honorary doctorates from several universities.

CAREER RECORD: Muhammad Ali had a remarkable boxing career, with numerous achievements, including winning the Olympic gold medal in 1960. He turned professional shortly after and became a three-time world heavyweight champion. His notable fights include the "Fight of the Century" against Joe Frazier and the "Rumble in the Jungle" against George Foreman.

APPEARANCE: Ali was known for his tall and athletic physique, standing at an imposing 6 feet 3 inches, he had a commanding presence.

Bust photographic portrait of Muhammad Ali in 1967

FASHION: Outside the ring, Ali was known for his unique sense of style. He embraced bold and flamboyant fashion, often wearing colorful and extravagant outfits that reflected his confident personality.

CHARACTER: Ali was characterized by his confidence, charisma, and resilience. He famously proclaimed, "I am the greatest," and backed it up with his impressive performances in the ring.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Ali was witty and quick with clever rhymes. His playful banter and entertaining interviews showcased his charismatic sense of humor. Here are a a few examples:

1. Ali was famous for predicting the round in which he would defeat his opponents, often in a poetic and humorous way. For example, before his fight against Sonny Liston in 1964, he said, 

"Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee. The hands can't hit what the eyes can't see. Now you see me, now you don't. George thinks he will, but I know he won't!"

2. Ali would often boast about his boxing prowess in a humorous way. The phrase below, uttered before his fight with George Foreman in the "Rumble in the Jungle" in 1974, reflects his ability to entertain and taunt with a touch of humor.

"I'm so mean, I make medicine sick":

3. Before his 1975 fight with Chuck Wepner:

Ali: "Wepner, you're the ugliest man I ever seen. You look like you been in a fight with a bear and the bear won."

Wepner: "The only thing ugly is your ego, Ali."

4. Before his 1971 "Fight of the Century" with Joe Frazier:

Ali: "It's gonna be a whole lotta shufflin', a whole lotta movin', and guess what? The world gonna see Frazier losin'."

Frazier: "He talks a good fight, but I'm gonna put his lights out."

RELATIONSHIPS: Ali was married four times and had nine children. His relationships were sometimes tumultuous, reflecting the complexities of his personal life. His final and enduring marriage was to Yolanda “Lonnie” Williams.

He cultivated strong bonds with fellow activists and supporters throughout his life.

MONEY AND FAME: Ali achieved significant wealth and fame during his boxing career. However, his outspoken views on civil rights and opposition to the Vietnam War led to controversies and legal battles, impacting his financial standing.

FOOD AND DRINK: Ali was known for his disciplined approach to diet and nutrition, emphasizing the importance of maintaining peak physical condition. He avoided certain foods and adhered to a strict training regimen.

He was particularly fond of steak and orange juice.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Ali appreciated music and arts, and his cultural impact extended beyond sports. He was associated with influential figures in the entertainment industry and collaborated with artists across various mediums.

LITERATURE: Ali was well-read and appreciated literature that explored human rights and social justice.

Ali authored an autobiography, The Greatest: My Own Story, providing insights into his life, career, and beliefs. The book became a bestseller and added to his legacy outside the boxing ring.

NATURE: Ali had a connection with nature, often expressing his appreciation for the beauty of the natural world. This aspect of his personality contrasted with his fierce competitiveness in the boxing ring.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: He had a graceful and agile boxing style, and his quick footwork and powerful jabs were distinctive features of his fighting technique.

Seven and a half weeks after winning the gold medal in the Olympic light heavyweight boxing competition, Cassius Clay (later Muhammad Ali) made his professional boxing debut on October 29, 1960. He fought against Tunney Hunsaker in Louisville, Kentucky, winning the fight in a six-round unanimous decision. 

Amateur boxing career: 100 wins, 5 losses

Professional boxing career: 56 wins (37 KOs), 5 losses (1 draw)

Ali was the first boxer to win the heavyweight title three times. He achieved this remarkable feat by winning the title in 1964, 1974, and 1978.

Ali first won the title by defeating Sonny Liston in 1964.

He regained the title in 1974 after beating George Foreman in the famous "Rumble in the Jungle."

Finally, Ali claimed the title for the third time on September 15, 1978 when he defeated Leon Spinks in a rematch.

Ali was the first boxer to win the heavyweight title three times: in 1964 and 1968 and for the third time on September 15, 1978 when he beat Leon Spinks by a decision in a rematch after losing to him earlier in the year.

Outside of boxing, Ali was interested in various sports, including basketball and pool, listening to music, playing chess and spending time with family and friends.. He also enjoyed magic tricks and was known to engage in playful activities during his leisure time.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: While Ali did not have a formal education in science and mathematics, his strategic approach to boxing demonstrated a keen understanding of tactics and analytical thinking.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Ali's conversion to Islam and his association with the Nation of Islam (often called the Black Muslims at the time) significantly influenced his philosophical and theological perspectives. He was known for his strong convictions and activism, promoting justice and equality.

SCANDAL: In 1967, Muhammad Ali's boxing career faced a major hurdle. Drafted into the military after losing his student deferment, Ali applied for conscientious objector status due to his beliefs as a member of the Nation of Islam. When he refused induction on April 28, 1967 in Houston, Texas, the consequences were swift. The World Boxing Association revoked his Heavyweight Champion titles and license. Within two months, a court in Texas found him guilty of draft evasion, sentencing him to five years in prison and a $10,000 fine. Although ultimately freed on appeal, this period significantly disrupted his prime boxing years.

MILITARY RECORD: Ali refused to serve in the military due to his conscientious objection to the Vietnam War. Initially classified as unfit for service (1-Y), he was later reclassified eligible (1-A). Ali, a member of the Nation of Islam (formerly Black Muslims), applied for conscientious objector status.  On April 28, 1967, in Houston, he refused induction.

This act of defiance came at a steep cost. Ali lost his World Heavyweight Champion titles and boxing licenses. A Texas court convicted him of draft evasion, sentencing him to prison and a fine. Released on appeal, Ali needed income to cover legal fees while barred from boxing. He took to the college lecture circuit and even appeared in a Broadway musical.

Finally, on June 28, 1971, the Supreme Court overturned his conviction. This paved the way for Ali's boxing return.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Throughout his life, Ali maintained a focus on physical fitness. However, in his later years, he faced health challenges, including Parkinson's disease, attributed to his boxing career.

HOMES: Ali lived in various places throughout his life, including his hometown of Louisville, Kentucky, and later in other locations as his fame and career expanded.

TRAVEL: As a world-renowned boxer, Ali traveled extensively for his fights, engaging with diverse cultures and communities around the globe.

In 1960 Cassius Clay at the time, had a problem. A big problem. Despite being one of the most confident and dynamic young athletes on the planet, he was utterly, profoundly terrified of flying. So, just a few weeks before the 1960 Olympics, he tried to pull out of the U.S. team entirely. No way was he getting on that plane to Rome. But eventually, after a good deal of persuading (and probably a fair bit of pleading), he reluctantly agreed to go—on one very specific condition.

On the flight over, the future heavyweight champion of the world sat there, resolute and visibly uncomfortable, with a parachute strapped to his back the entire time. It looked more than a little odd, but in Ali's defense, the plane made it to Rome, and he made it to the Games. And there, on September 5, 1960, Clay won the gold medal in the light heavyweight boxing category, an achievement that seemed worth all the anxiety.

And, in a final flourish of audacity, he sent the medal to his high school teacher who once sneered, "You ain't never gonna be nuthin'." Turns out, he was something after all.

DEATH: Ali was hospitalized in Scottsdale, Arizona on June 2, 2016 with a respiratory condition. His condition worsened, and he was placed on life support. Late on June 3, 2016 it was announced that Ali had died at the age of 74. His death marked the end of an era in boxing and left a lasting legacy.

The day Muhammad Ali's body was returned to his hometown of Louisville, Kentucky, bees swarmed at a mural featuring his famous phrase "Float Like a Butterfly, Sting Like a Bee." This event was widely reported and noted for its symbolic and poetic resonance, given Ali's well-known moniker and his association with both butterflies and bees. The incident was seen by many as a fitting tribute to the legendary boxer and his legacy.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Ali's life has been extensively portrayed in documentaries, films, and books. Notable works include the film Ali where he was played by Will Smith and the documentary When We Were Kings, which focuses on the "Rumble in the Jungle."

ACHIEVEMENTS: Muhammad Ali's achievements include winning the Olympic gold medal, becoming a three-time world heavyweight champion, and leaving an indelible mark on the sport of boxing. Beyond the ring, he advocated for racial justice and religious freedom, inspiring generations. Muhammad Ali established himself as one of the most influential figures of the 20th century.

Alfred The Great

NAME Alfred the Great (The "Great" was bestowed upon him in the 17th century). His real name was Aelfred, a combination of the Old English words "elf" and "counsel", which means "wise and noble."

Alfred the Great by George S. Stuart - George S. Stuart Historical Figures,

WHAT FAMOUS FOR King of Wessex and later the Anglo-Saxons, renowned for his military victories against the Vikings, scholarly pursuits, and cultural reforms.

BIRTH b 849 Wantage, Berks.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Son of King Æthelwulf of Wessex and his first wife, Osburh. 

Alfred was the youngest of five brothers and the favourite son. The successive deaths of his three elder brothers between 860 and 871 could hardly have been foreseen. When Ethelwulf, the King, died, The Witan (A sort of Saxon Parliament), chose Alfred to succeed him, ahead of his two surviving elder brothers.

CHILDHOOD As a young boy, despite not being able to read, young Alfie particularly enjoyed listening to the court bards reciting poetry. He seems to have been a child of singular attractiveness and promise, and tales of his boyhood were remembered. It is said he desired to own a particular manuscript of Anglo Saxon poems. Alfred managed to borrow it and he promptly gave the manuscript to someone else who read it to him. The young Prince had a natural retentive memory and he repeated the whole thing ad verbatim to his mother, who gave him the book.

At five years old, in 853, he is said to have been sent to Rome, where he was confirmed by Pope Leo IV, who is also said to have "anointed him as king".

EDUCATION Even as a youngster, Alfred had a great love for learning, even though he had no formal education during his childhood. 

Young Alfie did not learn to read until the age of twelve, whereupon he fell in love with books. He learnt off by heart, the daily services of the church, Psalms and prayers.

As a king, Alfred gained a reputation as a patron of education. He ordered as an anti Viking strategy, that all Wessex youth should be taught to read in English and later in Latin. He believed this would make his subjects holy and wise and stop the Viking raids which were divine punishment for sin.

Alfred invited various notable scholars to teach at the court school, that he had founded, though tennis wasn't on the syllabus. He also encouraged monasteries to expand their educational work. 

Alfred, himself, having taught himself Latin in his late thirties, translated various works from Latin to old English, to help his people learn.

Doing a period of peace between 887-92 from those irritating Vikings, he learnt Latin.

CAREER RECORD 871-886: King of Wessex, successfully defending against Viking invasions and forging alliances.

886-899: King of the Anglo-Saxons, expanding his influence and uniting various Saxon kingdoms.

Implemented significant military, legal, and educational reforms.

Alfred promulgated the first laws in more than a century in England, and rewrote them in common speech. It was said that the king instilled throughout England such respect for the law that it was commonly said that in his day one might leave precious jewels hanging on a roadside bush & no one would venture to take them.

Founded the city of Winchester and established a mint.

Commissioned the translation of important Latin texts into Old English, including Bede's Ecclesiastical History and Boethius' Consolation of Philosophy.

Established a network of schools and encouraged literacy throughout the kingdom.

APPEARANCE Alfred was clean-shaven, barrel chinned, rather ordinary looking but with a kindly countenance. A weathered and tanned face, (it was tanned by the smoke from the central hearths in the places he stayed-an early form of self-tanner). If this doesn't give you a clear enough idea, why not pop down to Winchester for the day and have a look at the statue of him at Winchester Broadway.

FASHION He likely wore the typical clothing of Anglo-Saxon nobles, consisting of tunics, trousers, cloaks, and leather shoes.

Alfred owned a gold enamel and crystal oval jewel, with the inscription of "Aelfred Mec Heht Gewyrcan" (Alfred ordered me to be made). The Alfred Jewel, as it is imaginatively titled, can be found today (I assume you are not reading this on a Sunday, when its closed), in the Ashmoleon Museum in Oxford.

The Alfred Jewel By Mkooiman -  https://www.flickr.com/photos/mkooiman/21117808451/

CHARACTER Described as pious, learned, brave, and strategic. He was known for his strong work ethic, dedication to his people, and desire for justice.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: While no specific anecdotes survive, his writings suggest a dry wit and appreciation for clever wordplay.

RELATIONSHIPS AND FAMILY Alfred married Ealhswith, who was descended from Mercian kings in 868. She bore him two sons and three daughters. They had five or six children, one of whom, Edward the Elder, (870-924) succeeded Alfred and made Wessex into the most powerful kingdom in the British Isles. 

He had close ties with his family and advisors, particularly his daughter Æthelflæd, who ruled Mercia alongside him.

MONEY AND FAME: As King, Alfred had access to considerable wealth and enjoyed a high level of respect within his kingdom and beyond. However, he was known for his humility and lived a relatively simple life.  

A 50% tither, Alfred gave his income to the poor, the monasteries, his court school, and an annual gift to the Pope at Rome.

He taxed his subjects with Peter's Pence, a tax on individual households going to the Pope at Rome. It continued to be charged at intervals until the Reformation.

During his reign, Alfred undertook a reform of the currency system. He deemed it necessary to establish a series of new mints around the country. As a result every borough got its own mint to help pay for the costs of running and defending the borough, and maybe to suck when feeling hungry.

FOOD AND DRINK Typical Anglo-Saxon fare likely consisted of bread, meat, vegetables, and ale. Alfred may have enjoyed imported spices and delicacies as well.

King Alfred was seeking refuge, incognito, from those exasperating Vikings who had conquered the kingdoms of East Anglia and Northumbria and reduced Mercia to a fragment of its former size. The king stayed in a hut on the Isle of Athelney in Somerset, which belonged to a poor Anglo Saxon swineherd and his family and the wife asked the unrecognised monarch to keep an eye on the baking cakes. Alfred was deep in thought and the cakes were burnt. As a result the royal refugee was verbally roasted by the woman of the house. Actually it is felt this story might merely be a legend, but any biography of the "Cordon Bluh!" King is incomplete without the cake story.

A Victorian portrayal of the 12th-century legend of Alfred burning the cakes

MUSIC AND ARTS: He supported artists, musicians, and poets, and his court became a center of cultural activity. Alfred is believed to have played the harp and enjoyed storytelling.

LITERATURE A passionate reader and writer, he commissioned the translation of numerous texts and even wrote some himself, including a book of religious meditations and a translation of Gregory the Great's Pastoral Care.

Here's some literature factoids for Alfred.

1. Having learnt Latin Alfred translated with the help of scholars from Mercia and published the Anglo Saxon equivalent of best-sellers. They were the first prose to be written in old English, previously all literature had been written in Latin. These included:
Bede's History of the English People, which tells of the early Anglo Saxon peoples and their conversion to Christianity.
Boethus' Consolation of Philosophy, a significant work, largely influenced by Plato's philosophy. Despite being written by a heathen Roman, it contained a great deal of good Christian ethics. Alfred's translation had a great influence on English literature.
Pope Gregory the Great's Pastoral Care," which was originally written with the view of the Spiritual education of the Clergy. Alfred was still working on this when he died.
2. Alfred was thought to have supervised the Anglo Saxon Chronicle, a sort of retrospective Newspaper, detailing historical events from Roman times. It continued until 1154.
3. Alfred compiled a book of laws ominously called The Doom book. It might sound like the name of an early horror novel, but the title comes from the Anglo-Saxon word "dōm" (pronounced "dome") meaning "judgment", or "law."

4. Because of Alfred’s concern for the spiritual effect of the Viking’s pillaging and ravaging, he let go his ideal of maintaining the Latin tongue as a general pattern for worship and begun a Christian library in the Anglo Saxon language.

NATURE While records are limited, he likely spent time hunting and hawking, activities enjoyed by Anglo-Saxon nobility.

Alfred was the first Englishman to provide horses for his troops.

The English monarch commemorated his victory at the Battle of Edington with a chalk white horse on the downs near Westbury, which still can be seen today.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Alfred was a keen and skilled huntsman and falconer.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: He was interested in practical knowledge and encouraged the study of astronomy, geography, and timekeeping.

Alfred was a keen scientist, in an Anglo Saxon sort of way. He invented a Candle Clock, which was a candle that was marked to tell the time. He used it to divide his day into equal portions of royal duties, study and prayer and rest.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY A devout Christian confirmed by the Pope in Rome, Alfred attended the New Minister Church in Winchester, which later became the medieval Hyde Abbey. 

He came to the English throne during a period where the Christian culture of his kingdom was under threat from the Vikings. The new king believed that God was sending those northern heathens as a punishment for his subjects’ neglect of the study of the Bible. His understanding of kingship was based on the conviction that the role of the king is to be Christ’s deputy on Earth and that he is always under the judgement of God.

After King Alfred defeated the Vikings at the Battle of Edington, he required their king, Guthrum, to be baptized and he himself stood as a godfather.

Alfred showed the benefits of forgiveness when the Viking leader Haestan broke an agreed peace and made a fortified camp at Benfleet. Arthur’s sons Edward and Ethelred stormed their camp and took Haestan’s wife and sons as captives. Arthur sent them back to him. Haestan never fought Alfred again.

Throughout his reign Alfred attempted to encourage his people to live by the Word of God. To help with this he had many Churches and Monasteries, which had been destroyed by the Vikings, rebuilt and the Gospels and many Psalms translated from Latin into English. He once said “there is only one foundation on which to build any kingdom & that is the sure foundation of Jesus Christ. It is on that foundation I will build my kingdom.”

SCANDAL Alfred was stainless in character.

MILITARY RECORD He initially suffered defeats against the Vikings but later developed innovative strategies and won decisive victories, culminating in the Treaty of Wedmore (878). He built a strong navy and reorganized his army, creating a more efficient and mobile force.

Not a man of much natural strength but a considerable warrior. In his youth Alfred fought with his brother, Ethelred against the Vikings. He was a militant Christian who baptised his enemies after defeating them in battle. His successes against the Vikings can be attributed to his revamped Army, the newly founded Navy and the fortified towns. I'm sure all the prayers that Alfred sent up to Heaven didn't go amiss either. He reorganised military service so that half the home guard were farming and the other half were in the field against invaders.

Under the laws of Alfred anyone caught fighting in the presence of a bishop had to pay 100 shillings in compensation. The fine rose to 150 shillings if an archbishop was present.

Here is Alfred's military CV:
871 Alfred won, with his brother a vital victory at the Battle of Ashdown . It wasn't all a piece of cake and two months later, the Vikings more than held their own in another great fight at Merton. A few days later his brother died and Alfred succeeded him. The new king wisely bought off his Scandinavian enemies, allowing himself time to organise his defences.
872-5 A time of peace, which he spent in constructing 60 Oar Longboats , similar to those used by the Vikings and training would be Steve Redgraves. Alfred used patrols of the East Anglican coast, using Seamen from Frisiar until he'd trained his own fighting men.
He organised his Army into interchangeable active service and farming Sections led by ealdormen. Alfred also developed a system of Burhs, which were fortified towns, each located no more than 20 miles from the next one-less than a days march.
878 After gaining Mercia, the Vikings unsportingly made a surprise attack at Chippenham, where Alfred was celebrating Christmas. The King was forced to withdraw to the Isle of Athelney, in the Somerset fens with a few supporters, where he burnt those cakes. Disguised as a harper he visited Danish camps and gained information about their strength & movements. The fugitive King quickly rallied his troops and won an emphatic victory against Guthrum at Edington in May. A treaty was made and Danelaw resulted. The Danish Vikings kept East England, Alfred retained the west and the Viking king was baptised.

885 Alfred successfully repels the Danish invasion of Kent
886 Alfred recaptured London, which had fallen into disrepair and rebuilt and populated the former fortified Roman city. He is recognised as king of all England not under Danish rule. By now the Danes were confined to the north of England.
893-96 After a few years peace, those infuriating Vikings, trying to have their cake and eat it, invaded again. Alfred's Son, Edward beats the re-invading Norsemen at Bridgenorth with the help of a strengthened navy and support from the Welsh.
897-901 Unmolested by those Vikings from Denmark in the last few years of his reign., Alfred left England in apple pie order. His defensive stratagem prevented a future for his people of Carlsberg lager, Danish bacon and pastries being devoured in their Lego homes.

HOMES Alfred spent most of his time wandering between his 29 burhs. He would spend a few days in each, the king and his retinue being fed and entertained by the locals.

After capturing London, Alfred switched his capital to it from Winchester. He saw its potential as a defensive town on the Thames.

Alfred's stone palace is thought to lie deep beneath the western part of Winchester Cathedral close.

TRAVEL Before the age of seven, Alfred had already been taken twice to Rome to visit the Pope. As a very young boy, he accompanied his father to Rome in 853, where the pope gave him the title of Roman consul. Again in 855, this time his pilgrimage lasted a year, and he was accompanied by the presumably folically challenged Charles the Bald, King of the Franks.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS In his younger days the devout King Alfred asked God to send him a disease that would suppress his lustful thoughts without preventing him from ruling. The answer to his prayer was haemorrhoids-well he did ask. 

An epileptic, coupled with being a Crohn’s disease sufferer, Alfred's health was often poor. 

DEATH Alfred died on October 26, 899. It is unclear what he died of but Crohn’s disease or hemorrhoids seem the most likely.

He was buried, with his wife and son, in a Winchester monastery that was closed during the Reformation. His resting-place remains a mystery but his bones are believed to have been moved as much as four times since he died.  In 2014 a pelvic bone was found at the site of the former Hyde Abbey in Winchester that is believed to be either Alfred's or his son Edward's.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA 1. Alfred the Great (1969) A film starring David Hemmings turning the tide against those pillaging and ravaging but not very ravishing Vikings.
2. Thomas Arne's "Alfred," which demonstrated Alfred's desire that Britons would never be slaves. This musical drama includes the original version of "Rule Britannica."

3. Asser's "Life of Alfred." Asser, The Bishop of Sherborne, wrote this biography during Alfred's lifetime. It is the first known biography of an Englishman who hadn't achieved sainthood.

ACHIEVEMENTS 1. Alfred undertook the cultural and intellectual regeneration of his people. In his reign many works were translated and copied and a number of Schools were founded.
2. Alfred developed the English navy and reorganised the army. He was the only English ruler to resist Danish invasions successfully.
3. As a result of Alfred's translations into old English, West Saxon became prevalent in prose literature
4. Alfred's laws, which were rewritten in common speech. were the first to make no distinction between the English and Welsh people.
5. Alfred encouraged and enhanced the spiritual life of his people.
6. According to the book 1066 and All That, Alfred was "a good thing." Not only that he was the only English King to be called "Great."

7. Alfred was revered and loved by his people and united England, he was the first king of the Western Saxons to refer to himself as "King of the English." Churchill called him the greatest Englishman ever.

Sources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_the_Great and BBC.co.uk.

Alexandra of Denmark

 NAME: Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia (Princess Alexandra of Denmark, later Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Alexandra of Denmark is renowned for her role as the Queen consort of the United Kingdom as the wife of King Edward VII. She also played a significant role in philanthropy and cultural activities.

BIRTH: Born on December 1, 1844, in Copenhagen, Denmark, she was christened Alexandra Caroline Marie Charlotte Louise Julia.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: Alexandra hailed from the Danish royal family. Her father, Christian IX, became known as the "Father-in-law of Europe" due to the widespread marriages of his children into various European royal houses.

CHILDHOOD: Growing up in the royal palace of Yellow Palace in Copenhagen, Alexandra enjoyed a privileged childhood. She had a close-knit relationship with her siblings and experienced the responsibilities that came with being a member of the royal family.

EDUCATION: Her education, typical for royalty of the time, focused on languages, arts, and etiquette. Alexandra was fluent in several languages, including Danish, German, and English.

CAREER RECORD: Alexandra of Denmark was crowned Queen of the United Kingdom alongside her husband, Edward VII, on August 9, 1902. This coronation was a grand affair, marked by pomp and circumstance, but it was also a story of unexpected challenges. 

Originally planned for June of the same year, the coronation had to be abruptly postponed when King Edward VII developed a serious illness that required immediate surgery. This unexpected turn of events caused a significant disruption to the elaborate preparations.   

Despite the delay, the coronation was eventually held with great splendor. Alexandra was crowned by the Archbishop of York, while her husband was crowned by the Archbishop of Canterbury. One of the most memorable moments of the ceremony was when all the peeresses raised their coronets as Alexandra was crowned, creating a stunning visual spectacle

Alexandra's primary role was that of a queen consort. Her tenure involved ceremonial duties, philanthropy, and representing the monarchy at public events. She promoted British culture and industry through exhibitions and events.

She was also actively involved in various charitable organizations, particularly those related to women's health and education.

APPEARANCE: Queen Alexandra was noted for her regal beauty, with a graceful stature, high cheekbones, and a serene expression. Tall and slender, with fair hair and blue eyes, her elegant and poised demeanor contributed to her popularity.

Portrait by Franz Xaver Winterhalter, 1864

FASHION: A trendsetter in her time, Alexandra was known for her fashion sense. She often set styles followed by high society, including the Alexandra Rose, a fashionable choker necklace.

Se favored simple yet elegant designs and high-quality materials and promoted British fashion designers.

Alexandra's coronation dress was a masterpiece, embroidered by the women of India, a country she held in high regard. The crown she wore was newly created and featured the renowned Koh-i-Noor diamond

CHARACTER: Described as kind, gentle, and charitable, Alexandra endeared herself to the public. Her compassion and involvement in charitable causes, especially healthcare, left a lasting legacy.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: While the Victorian era did not encourage overt displays of humor, Alexandra was known for her warmth and approachability. She engaged in social activities and was well-liked among her contemporaries.

RELATIONSHIPS: Alexandra married Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, at St Georges Chapel, Windsor on March 10, 1863.

Alexandra's marriage to Edward VII was considered a love match, and the couple had six children.

Their relationship faced challenges due to Edward's philandering., but Alexandra remained devoted to him throughout his life. 

Princess Alexandra of Denmark and the Prince of Wales, 1863

MONEY AND FAME: As the Queen consort, Alexandra lived a life of luxury. Her fame extended beyond the UK, making her a prominent figure in European royalty.

FOOD AND DRINK: Alexandra was known for her refined taste in food and enjoyed the lavish banquets and formal dinners that were customary in royal circles.

MUSIC AND ARTS: A patron of the arts, Alexandra supported musicians, artists, and cultural events. Her influence contributed to the flourishing of the arts during the Edwardian era.

She played the piano and enjoyed attending concerts and operas.

LITERATURE: While there is no extensive record of her literary pursuits, Alexandra supported literary events and the cultural enrichment of society.

NATURE: She had an appreciation for nature and was involved in horticulture. The Alexandra Rose, named after her, became a symbol of beauty and grace.

PETS Alexandra owned a pet goat with an interesting origin. Originally intended for dinner during a cruise, the goat managed to slip its tether and, in a surprising turn of events, approached Alexandra, resting its head on her lap. Moved by this unexpected connection, Alexandra decided to adopt the goat as her pet.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Alexandra enjoyed horse riding and was actively involved in equestrian activities. She also had an interest in photography and enjoyed ice skating and dancing.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: While not extensively involved in scientific or mathematical pursuits, Alexandra supported advancements in healthcare, showing a practical understanding of science.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Her upbringing in the Lutheran faith influenced her values. As a queen consort, she adopted the Church of England and respected the religious diversity within the British monarchy.

SCANDAL: Alexandra faced public scrutiny during the Tranby Croft affair, where accusations of cheating during a card game led to legal proceedings. However, she was eventually vindicated.

MILITARY RECORD: As a queen consort, Alexandra was not directly involved in military matters. However, she took an active interest in the well-being of soldiers and supported military charities.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Alexandra endured an episode of rheumatic fever during the delivery of Louise, Princess Royal, on February 10, 1867. The combination of illness and labor posed a severe threat to Alexandra's life. Although she eventually recovered, the rheumatic fever left her with a lasting and distinct limp. Remarkably, her unique gait became a trend among young women who looked up to her as a style and fashion icon. These admirers even went as far as mimicking the limp, coining it the "Alexandra Limp."

HOMES: Alexandra grew up in the Yellow Palace, adjacent to the Amalienborg Palace complex in Copenhagen. 

After marrying, Alexandra resided in various royal residences, including Buckingham House and Sandringham House. On Edward's death, Alexandra moved out of Buckingham Palace to Marlborough House

TRAVEL: Alexandra of Denmark undertook several significant journeys throughout her life:

In 1863, she traveled from Denmark to England to marry the Prince of Wales, who later became King Edward VII.

Throughout her life as Queen consort, she accompanied her husband on various diplomatic visits across Europe.

Following Edward's death in 1910, Alexandra continued to travel, visiting family in Denmark and attending events across Europe.

DEATH: Queen Alexandra passed away on November 20, 1925, at Sandringham House, Norfolk, England after suffering a heart attack. She  was buried in an elaborate tomb next to her husband in St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Alexandra's life and image have been featured in various media formats:

Historical documentaries about the British Royal Family often include her story.

Biographies and fictionalized accounts depict her life as a queen consort and her influence within the British court.

Paintings and photographs document her public appearances and regal persona. 

ACHIEVEMENTS: Queen Alexandra's legacy lies in her contributions to philanthropy, her influence on fashion and culture, and her role as a beloved queen consort during a transformative period in British history.

She was Princess of Wales from 1863 to 1901, the longest anyone has ever held that title.

Source Encyclopedia of Trivia