NAME Katharine Houghton Hepburn
WHAT FAMOUS FOR Hepburn was an American actress of film, stage, and television, celebrated for her fierce independence, patrician demeanor, New England accent, and a film career that spanned over six decades. She won a record four Academy Awards for Best Actress and, in 1999, was named by the American Film Institute as Hollywood’s greatest female screen legend.
BIRTH Katharine Houghton Hepburn was born on May 12, 1907, in Hartford, Connecticut. For many years, she claimed her birthday was November 8, the same as her deceased brother, Tom. She revealed her actual birth date in her 1991 autobiography, Me: Stories of My Life.
FAMILY BACKGROUND Hepburn was the second of six children born to Dr. Thomas Norval Hepburn, a urologist at Hartford Hospital, and Katharine Martha Houghton Hepburn, a feminist campaigner.
Her parents were progressive thinkers who championed social change. Dr. Hepburn helped establish the New England Social Hygiene Association, which educated the public about venereal disease, while Mrs. Hepburn was a leader in the women's suffrage movement and later campaigned for birth control with Margaret Sanger. The Hepburns were criticized for their progressive views, which encouraged Katharine to challenge societal barriers. She wrote in her autobiography that she was the product of "two very remarkable parents" and credited her "enormously lucky" upbringing for her success.
The picture below shows left to right: Katharine, Marion, Robert, Thomas, and Richard. Her mother is seated at center with daughter Margaret, 1921
CHILDHOOD Raised in a liberal household, Katharine and her siblings were encouraged to exercise freedom of speech, think independently, and debate any topic. As a child, she was a tomboy who kept her hair short and went by the name "Jimmy". Her father was an accomplished athlete and taught his children to swim, run, dive, ride, wrestle, and play golf and tennis.
In 1921, at the age of 14, Hepburn tragically discovered her older brother, Tom, had died by hanging. The family denied it was a suicide, believing it was a misguided experiment. This event had a profound impact on Hepburn, who became nervous, moody, and withdrawn. She dropped out of school and was privately tutored.
EDUCATION Hepburn attended the Oxford School in West Hartford. She later studied at Bryn Mawr College, her mother's alma mater, graduating in 1928 with a degree in history and philosophy. She initially found the experience unfulfilling and was self-conscious around her classmates. It was during her time at Bryn Mawr that she discovered her passion for acting and appeared in many of the college's productions.
CAREER RECORD After graduating from college, Hepburn began her acting career in theatre, performing in plays on and off Broadway.
1932 Her Broadway breakthrough in The Warrior's Husband and her Hollywood debut in A Bill of Divorcement (1932) . This led to a contract with RKO Radio Pictures.
1933 Won her first Best Actress Oscar for her third film, Morning Glory (
1940 After a short period labeled “box-office poison,” she revived her career with The Philadelphia Story
1941 Signed her star contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, during production of Woman of the Year.
1994 Her final screen performance was in the television film Love Affair.
APPEARANCE Tall (about 5′7″), athletic, angular, with aristocratic features and sharply intelligent eyes. Katharine Hepburn had a slim build, high cheekbones, and a strong jawline.
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| MGM studio publicity portrait, c. 1941 |
FASHION Hepburn was a fashion icon known for her androgynous and unconventional style. She was a pioneer of American sportswear and frequently wore wide-legged trousers, tailored suits, and comfortable, menswear-inspired outfits at a time when it was not socially acceptable for women to do so. Her signature look often included high-waisted trousers, crisp button-down shirts, and loafers or oxfords. She famously told the journalist Barbara Walters when she asked if she owned a dress, "I have one, which I'll wear to your funeral". (1)
In the 1930s, while filming for RKO, she wore dungarees on set. When the publicity department asked her to stop and then hid them, she walked around in her underwear until the pants were returned. This anecdote became Hollywood legend and symbolized her refusal to conform.
Despite her preference for casual wear, she could also be glamorous in elegant evening gowns. She worked closely with costume designers, like Edith Head, to create her on-screen looks.
CHARACTER Hepburn was fiercely independent, strong-willed, outspoken, and deeply non-conformist Known for her tremendous personal discipline and energy, she held high standards for herself and others, stating, "Perfection is thrilling."
She possessed a lifelong anti-Hollywood attitude, refusing many of the rituals of movie stardom. Hepburn valued privacy and fought fiercely for creative control of her career.
She had a reputation for being direct and at times difficult, but also fiercely loyal. Hepburn was known to be a realist who counted her blessings and had a generally happy nature.
SPEAKING VOICE Katharine Hepburn possessed a distinctive and patrician speaking voice. Her speech was characterized by a crisp, upper-class Connecticut accent and a rapid, clipped delivery.
SENSE OF HUMOUR Hepburn had a sharp and self-deprecating sense of humor. She was known for her witty remarks and her ability to laugh at herself. In her autobiography, she candidly and humorously recounted her early career struggles and her "absolute pig" behavior towards her first husband.
Her comedic timing was also a key element of her success in screwball comedies like Bringing Up Baby.
RELATIONSHIPS Katharine Hepburn’s only marriage was to Ludlow “Luddy” Ogden Smith. The wedding took place on December 12, 1928 in her parents’ living room at 201 Bloomfield Avenue, Hartford, Connecticut. They divorced in 1934 and she later admitted to having been an "absolute pig" to him.
Her most famous relationship was a long-term affair with her co-star Spencer Tracy, with whom she did nine films. Their romance began in the 1940s and lasted until his death in 1967. Tracy was married and a devout Catholic, so their relationship was kept private and Hepburn put her career on hold to care for him during his periods of ill health and alcoholism. She described their bond as true love, where she put his interests and comfort ahead of her own.
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| Tracy and Hepburn in Adam's Rib (1949) |
She had a brief, impactful relationship with aviator and businessman Howard Hughes.
MONEY AND FAME Hepburn came from a wealthy family, which gave her a degree of financial independence that many of her contemporaries did not have. This allowed her to be selective about her film roles later in her career.
While she was fiercely ambitious and desired to be "absolutely fascinating," she was also known for her disdain for the Hollywood "game," often refusing to give interviews or pose for pictures. She saw fame as a byproduct of her work and maintained a private life away from the public eye. (2)
FOOD AND DRINK Hepburn prized simple, healthy meals and remained physically active well into old age. She enjoyed cooking for guests, favoring New England–style dishes and was renowned for her intensely rich, chocolatey brownie recipe.
Later in life, she admitted to enjoying a modest evening shot of Jameson's whiskey, which she claimed helped with a head tremor she had inherited. She was quoted as saying, "I discovered that whisky helps stop the shaking. Problem is, if you’re not careful, it stops the rest of you, too". (3)
MOVIE CAREER After college, Katharine Hepburn did what all sensible young women from Connecticut with a fondness for trousers eventually do: she went to the theatre. She worked on and off Broadway, earning notice in Art and Mrs. Bottle (1931), a title that sounds like it should involve a polite tea set but actually introduced audiences to a tall whirlwind with impeccable diction. Stardom arrived with A Warrior’s Husband (1932), which impressed RKO Radio Pictures enough to hand her a contract—though one imagines they did so cautiously, like someone befriending a very confident cat.
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| Hepburn in The Warrior's Husband |
Her third film, Morning Glory (1933), won her her first Academy Award, and Little Women (1933) became the commercial colossus of its day. Then came a worrying period in which audiences seemed to declare they’d had quite enough of Katharine Hepburn, thank you very much. After a string of box office disappointments, the trade papers branded her “box office poison,” a phrase that sounds like a Victorian patent medicine, only with worse side effects.
Being Hepburn, she solved this problem not by pouting, but by hatching a plan worthy of a Wall Street raider. She acquired the rights to The Philadelphia Story, then sold them to MGM on the condition she would star in the film version. The 1940 release resurrected both her career and her reputation, earning her a third Oscar nomination and proving that she was far better at managing her image than Hollywood ever was.
In the 1940s she moved to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and began a screen partnership with Spencer Tracy that lasted 26 years and nine films—possibly the only enduring Hollywood relationship built on rapid-fire banter, mutual admiration, and a shared dislike of fuss.
During the 1950s she took on roles that would frighten lesser mortals, including Shakespearean heroines, and went on location to Africa to film The African Queen (1951), where she survived mosquitoes, heat, and water of dubious origin and still delivered a performance that earned her another Oscar nomination. She followed this by winning three more Best Actress Oscars—for Guess Who’s Coming to Dinner (1967), The Lion in Winter (1968), and On Golden Pond (1981)—as if she were collecting them the way other people collect souvenir spoons. By the 1970s she was conquering television too, appearing in made-for-TV films and proving, yet again, that she could thrive in any medium, provided she was allowed to speak crisply and wear comfortable clothing.
MUSIC AND ARTS She acted on stage throughout her career and loved theatre. Though not primarily known for singing or music, she appreciated classical music and artistic craftsmanship.
Hepburn was an avid and skilled painter, creating many watercolor landscapes, particularly of the scenery surrounding her Connecticut home
LITERATURE She was well-read and drew many of her most famous roles from literary sources, including Shakespearean productions.
Hepburn wrote her autobiography, Me: Stories of My Life, without a ghostwriter, and her writing style is described as conversational and candid. The book contains her honest reflections on her life, career, and relationships.
NATURE She adored the natural world, particularly the seaside environment of her family home in Old Saybrook, Connecticut, where she enjoyed sailing, and swimming in the Long Island Sound.
She also found joy in gardening, with her New York City courtyard garden being described as charmingly untamed.
One of her most famous lines, from The African Queen, is, "Nature, Mr. Allnut, is what we are put in this world to rise above".
PETS Hepburn was a dog lover and had several canine companions throughout her life. One of her beloved dogs was a Cocker Spaniel named Mica, who sometimes accompanied her on film sets in the late 1930s. She also shared a dog named Lobo with Spencer Tracy.
Bob Dylan’s bull mastiff Brutus had a habit of using Katharine Hepburn’s garden—specifically her flowerbeds—as his regular “bathroom” when they were neighbors in New York’s Turtle Bay. (4)
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| Hepburn with her Cairn Terrier 1946 |
HOBBIES AND SPORTS An avid and lifelong athlete, Hepburn was skilled in a variety of sports. Her long list included golf (reaching the semi-finals of the Connecticut Young Women’s Golf Championship), tennis, swimming (she was known to swim in very cold water well into her 80s.), and canoeing
She also enjoyed cycling and was known to ride her bicycle around Manhattan. Her active lifestyle was well-suited to the comfortable, practical clothing she favored.
SCIENCE AND MATHS Hepburn was raised in a home steeped in scientific thinking — her father was a physician and medical researcher. She learned data-driven thinking and public health activism from him.
In the 1957 film Desk Set, her character confronts the rise of automation and artificial intelligence, a theme that remains relevant today.
PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Hepburn was raised in a progressive, non-religious household and identified as an atheist. Her mother was an atheist, and her father, the son of a minister, was not religious. She believed in doing good in the present rather than preparing for an afterlife, stating, "I think it's a nice long rest". (5)
Hepburn’s core philosophy, derived from her strict New England upbringing, centered on self-reliance, personal discipline, and a freedom from fear. She famously lived by the mantra, "If you always do what interests you, at least one person is pleased"
POLITICS Hepburn was a lifelong Democrat and a vocal supporter of progressive causes. Her political activism was influenced by her mother, a prominent suffragist. She actively campaigned for President Franklin D. Roosevelt and spoke out against the anti-Communist "witch hunts" of the McCarthy era.
In the 1980s, she campaigned for Planned Parenthood, continuing her mother's legacy of advocating for women's reproductive rights.
SCANDAL Katharine Hepburn was not involved in major scandals in the way many of her contemporaries were. However, her unconventional lifestyle and independent spirit were often seen as "scandalous" by the standards of her time. Her preference for wearing trousers, her outspoken nature, her affair with the married Spencer Tracy, and her general refusal to conform to Hollywood's expectations all contributed to a rebellious public image.
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| Spencer Tracy and Hepburn in a publicity photo for Desk Set (1957) |
MILITARY RECORD She starred in films depicting wartime resilience, such as Dragon Seed (1944) and Stage Door Canteen appearances supporting troops.
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Health and fitness were lifelong priorities, a value instilled by her physician father. She maintained a rigorous routine of exercise, including swimming and riding her bicycle well into her nineties. In her later years, she suffered from a progressive neurological disease (thought to be Parkinson's) but remained active
HOMES Hepburn had several homes throughout her life. She was born and raised in Hartford, Connecticut. She also had a family home in Old Saybrook, Connecticut, located on the Long Island Sound, which she loved and where she eventually died. In New York City, she lived in a townhouse in the Turtle Bay neighborhood, known for its charming courtyard garden.
TRAVEL Hepburn's career took her to various locations around the world. One of her most notable travel experiences was the difficult filming of The African Queen in Africa, an experience she later documented in a memoir.
She famously despised the Hollywood lifestyle and would often drive back to her Connecticut home, even when filming in California
DEATH Katharine Hepburn died on June 29, 2003, at her home in Old Saybrook, Connecticut, at the age of 96. Her death was attributed to natural causes. Hepburn is buried in Cedar Hill Cemetery in Hartford, Connecticut, in the Hepburn family plot
APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Since her death, Katharine Hepburn's life and career have been the subject of numerous books, documentaries, and biographical films.
Cate Blanchett won an Academy Award for her portrayal of Hepburn in the 2004 film The Aviator. The performance made Blanchett the first performer to win an Oscar for playing a real-life Oscar winner.
Her distinctive style and personality continue to be referenced and celebrated in popular culture.
ACHIEVEMENTS Four Academy Awards for Best Actress (a record)
Over 50 films across six decades
AFI’s #1 Greatest Female Star of Classic Hollywood Cinema (1999)
Only Oscar winner to win an Academy Award for portraying an ancestor (she was a direct descendant of Eleanor of Aquitaine, whom she played in The Lion in Winter (1968).
Sources: (1) Parisian Gentleman (2) Vanity Fair (3) Mental Floss (4) Encyclopaedia of Trivia (5) YouTube video








