WHAT FAMOUS FOR Dawes was the 30th Vice President of the United States (1925–1929), a banker, diplomat, and composer. He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925 for his role in the Dawes Plan, which restructured Germany’s World War I reparations.
BIRTH Born August 27, 1865, in Marietta, Ohio, USA.
FAMILY BACKGROUND Charles was the son of Rufus R. Dawes, a Civil War officer and businessman, and Mary Beman Gates Dawes. His family had a lineage of distinguished public service, including his great-great-grandfather, William Dawes, who rode with Paul Revere to warn colonists of the British advance at the start of the American Revolution
CHILDHOOD Growing up in Marietta, Dawes was surrounded by the cultural and political influences of his father's public service.
EDUCATION Dawes enrolled at Marietta College, where his mother had studied and his father served on the Board of Trustees. He graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1884 at the young age of nineteen.
After completing his undergraduate degree, Dawes attended Cincinnati Law School for two years. He graduated with his law degree in 1886. Following his law studies, Dawes returned to Marietta College to earn a master's degree.
CAREER RECORD Dawes practiced law, before becoming a prominent banker
1897-1901 Comptroller of the Currency under President McKinley.
1917-19 Colonel and later General in the United States Army during World War I
1921-22 First Director of the United States Bureau of the Budget (1921-1922)
APPEARANCE Dawes had a tall and slender build. He was described as having a strong, imposing but dignified presence.
Dawes, c. 1920s
FASHION Known for his formal style, Dawes often wore dark suits with high collars, reflecting the professional standards of his time.
CHARACTER Charles G. Dawes was known for his strong, outspoken character and his unwavering commitment to his principles.
Dawes was renowned for his direct and often colorful manner of speaking. He earned the nickname "Hell and Maria" Dawes due to his tendency to use strong language, particularly during a congressional hearing where he famously exclaimed, "Helen Maria, I'd have paid horse prices for sheep if sheep could have pulled artillery to the front!"
His temper was legendary and often got the better of him. This was evident during his testimony before the House of Representatives' committee investigating World War I spending, where his heated seven-hour dressing down of the committee made national headlines.
Dawes was a man of his word who valued truth above all else. He did not fear the consequences of telling the truth and often spoke on issues that others avoided to protect their image. This commitment to honesty sometimes led to humiliation and criticism, but Dawes remained steadfast in his convictions.
SPEAKING VOICE He had a strong and authoritative voice, suitable for public speaking, though not known for his oratory brilliance.
SENSE OF HUMOUR Dawes was known for a dry sense of humor, often displayed in his political and social interactions.
RELATIONSHIPS Charles Gates Dawes married Caro Blymyer on January 24, 1889. The couple had four children ( two biological, two adopted). The couple went on to have a long marriage that lasted until Charles G. Dawes' death in 1951.Their relationship was described as supportive and stable.
MONEY AND FAME In his business dealings, Dawes was known for his intelligence, ingenuity, and persuasiveness. These qualities helped him build a substantial personal fortune and succeed in various entrepreneurial ventures.
Dawes later gained international fame through politics and his Nobel Prize.
FOOD AND DRINK Dawes enjoyed the simple but refined dining traditions of his time,.
Dawes was known to be an avid pipe smoker. He was described as having a "conspicuous addiction to tobacco" and even designed a special pipe that became his trademark. This pipe, known as the "Dawes pipe," gained significant attention and was often featured in photographs and public appearances.
MUSIC AND ARTS Dawes was a self-taught pianist and flutist and developed passable skills on these instruments through personal practice and dedication
In 1911, Dawes composed "Melody in A Major" for piano and violin. This piece became his most famous musical work and gained widespread popularity. It was later adapted into the hit song "It's All in the Game" in 1951. Dawes is the only U.S. Vice President to co-author a hit song.
Dawes helped form the Chicago Grand Opera company and supported various musical organizations and individual musicians
Later in life, he struggled to play due to hearing loss
LITERATURE Dawes was an avid reader and writer, authoring several works on economics, politics, and personal reflections.
NATURE He enjoyed the outdoors and often appreciated the serenity of nature during his travels.
HOBBIES AND SPORTS Music and composing were his main hobbies (he frequently played piano during his leisure time). Dawes was also known for enjoying chess and intellectual pursuits.
SCIENCE AND MATHS Dawes demonstrated an interest in economics and finance, excelling in the practical applications of mathematics in his banking career.
PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY He adhered to Christian principles and was a member of the Congregational Church, reflecting his family’s strong religious traditions.
POLITICS A moderate Republican, Dawes waltzed into politics in 1896 by managing the Illinois chapter of William McKinley’s presidential campaign, a role that foreshadowed his knack for collecting accolades and fixing messes. Following McKinley's win, Dawes was appointed Comptroller of the Currency, a title that sounds as if it ought to come with a cape and a sidekick. He spent his tenure collecting $25 million from failed banks, a tidy sum that would undoubtedly earn him a standing ovation in any room full of accountants.
In 1921, Warren G. Harding decided the federal government needed a serious budgetary overhaul and appointed Dawes as the first Director of the Bureau of the Budget. Dawes attacked federal spending with the kind of zeal most people reserve for spring cleaning, slashing expenditures by a third in one year. It was as if he'd Marie Kondo-ed the entire federal budget: If it didn’t spark joy (or at least solvency), it was out.
Dawes’s most famous government assignment came in 1923 when Herbert Hoover handed him the Herculean task of untangling post-World War I Europe’s financial mess. As chair of the Allied Reparations Commission, Dawes devised the imaginatively named Dawes Plan. This scheme stabilized Germany’s economy and reduced tensions with France, though it wasn’t a permanent fix—just a financial Band-Aid, really. Still, it was impressive enough to earn him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925, an achievement that likely made him the only Nobel laureate with a side hustle in piano composition.
From 1925 to 1929, Dawes served as the 30th Vice President under Calvin Coolidge. He did what vice presidents traditionally do—advocated for policies, made ceremonial appearances, and occasionally ruffled feathers. He campaigned against the Ku Klux Klan, supported Senate filibuster reform, and pushed for the Kellogg-Briand Pact, an international agreement to renounce war. That the latter didn’t exactly stick is no reflection on Dawes’s enthusiasm.
After his vice-presidential stint, Dawes became Ambassador to the United Kingdom (1929–1932), a position that paired nicely with his fondness for diplomacy and fine tailoring. He then chaired the Reconstruction Finance Corporation during the Great Depression, overseeing efforts to stabilize the economy.
SCANDAL As Vice President, Dawes was not afraid to challenge established norms. He famously criticized Senate rules, particularly the filibuster, in his inaugural address, which caused significant controversy and overshadowed President Coolidge's own address
MILITARY RECORD Dawes was commissioned as a major during World War I on June 11, 1917, in the 17th Engineers. He was subsequently promoted to lieutenant colonel, colonel and brigadier general. From August 1917 to August 1919, Dawes served in France as chairman of the general purchasing board for the American Expeditionary Forces in the US Army.
Dawes in uniform 1918
Dawes's most significant contribution to international politics was the Dawes Plan, for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1925. This plan helped reduce tensions between Germany and France after World War I and contributed to the stabilization of the German economy.
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Dawes maintained good health for most of his life but slowed down in his later years due to aging.
HOMES Dawes lived in Evanston, Illinois, where his home later became the headquarters for the Evanston Historical Society.
TRAVEL He traveled extensively, particularly during his work on the Dawes Plan, which required international negotiations.
DEATH Charles Gates Dawes died on April 23, 1951, at the age of 85. His death occurred at his home in Evanston, Illinois, and was attributed to coronary thrombosis.
Dawes was interred at Rosehill Cemetery and Mausoleum in Chicago, Illinois. Rosehill Cemetery is located in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of Chicago and is known for being the final resting place of many notable figures.
APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Dawes’ life and contributions have been mentioned in historical documentaries and books about early 20th-century U.S. politics. His composition, "It’s All in the Game," brought him a unique form of pop culture recognition.
ACHIEVEMENTS Co-recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (1925)
Instrumental in formulating the Dawes Plan, which helped stabilize the German economy after World War I.
Served as Vice President of the United States.
Played a significant role in the creation of the United States Bureau of the Budget.
Author of "Melody in A Major," which became a Billboard chart-topping hit decades later.
WHAT FAMOUS FOR Humphry Davy was a pioneering chemist known for his discovery of several elements, his invention of the Davy lamp for miners, and his experiments with nitrous oxide (laughing gas).
BIRTH Born on December 17, 1778, in Penzance, Cornwall.
FAMILY BACKGROUND Davy was the eldest of five children (one brother and three sisters). His father, a Cornish wood carver and small farmer, died when Davy was 16.
Humphry Davy's mother was Grace Millett. She came from an old but no longer wealthy family. Grace Millett had a tragic family history. Her parents died within a few hours of each other from malignant fever when Grace and her two sisters were young. After this, they were adopted by John Tonkin, an eminent surgeon in Penzance
CHILDHOOD Davy showed early signs of intellectual curiosity and a love for literature and poetry. He was known for his lively imagination and talent for storytelling.
He enjoyed writing poetry and sketching, building fireworks, and spending time outdoors fishing and shooting. He also developed a keen interest in collecting minerals, showcasing his inherent curiosity and creative nature, which would become valuable assets in his scientific endeavors.
He was encouraged to pursue science by Davies Goddy, a local figure of significance who allowed Davy access to his laboratory.
EDUCATION Humphry Davy's formal education began at the Penzance grammar school at six. When his family moved to Varfell three years later, he continued his studies by boarding with his godfather, John Tonkin. Interestingly, his teacher, Dr. Cardew, did not seem to recognize Davy's potential, although Davy excelled in his studies.
Following his father's death in 1794, Davy was apprenticed to a surgeon, John Bingham Borlase. This apprenticeship provided him with valuable hands-on scientific experience. He also began conducting his own experiments at home, much to the amusement, or perhaps annoyance, of his family and friends.
A turning point came in 1797 when Davy learned French from a refugee priest. This newfound skill allowed him to delve into the works of Antoine Lavoisier, a prominent French chemist, whose ideas significantly influenced Davy's future scientific pursuits.
Davy's thirst for knowledge extended beyond the confines of his apprenticeship and formal schooling. He was a self-motivated learner who actively pursued a broad range of subjects, including theology, philosophy, poetry, and even mastering seven languages. Notably, his studies encompassed various scientific disciplines, with a particular focus on chemistry. This self-directed education equipped Davy with a diverse knowledge base and honed his skills, which would later propel him to success as a renowned scientist and captivating lecturer.
CAREER RECORD 1798: Employed by Thomas Beddoes to work in his laboratory.
1800: Published Researches, Chemical and Philosophical Chiefly Concerning Nitrous Oxide and its Respiration.
1802: Appointed Professor of Chemistry at the Royal Institution in London.
1815: Developed the Davy lamp to improve miner safety.
1820 Appointed President of the Royal Society. He served in the position until 1827.
APPEARANCE Davy was described as a handsome and expressive man, attracting significant attention during his lectures.
Humphry Davy Portrait by Thomas Phillips, 1821
FASHION Davy’s approach to fashion and personal hygiene was unconventional. He rarely bathed, often wore multiple layers of clothing simultaneously, and was known for putting on clean linen over dirty.
CHARACTER Davy was passionate, ambitious, and intellectually curious but became embittered in later years due to professional rivalries, particularly with Michael Faraday.
SPEAKING VOICE His lectures at the Royal Institution were celebrated for their brilliance and magnetism, drawing large audiences.
SENSE OF HUMOUR Humphry Davy's sense of humor was closely intertwined with his scientific pursuits, particularly his experiments with nitrous oxide, or "laughing gas." These experiments revealed a playful and sometimes mischievous side to the renowned chemist. Davy himself coined the term "laughing gas" due to the euphoric effects of the substance. He frequently reported experiencing an "irresistible disposition to laugh" while under its influence.
One amusing anecdote recounts an occasion where Davy inhaled the gas outdoors, subsequently passing out. Upon regaining consciousness, he found himself struggling to explain his amusement to a bewildered onlooker, resorting to "laughing and stomping."
Davy's humor extended beyond his experimental observations. He displayed a keen wit in his writing, as evidenced by a satirical poem penned in the style of Lord Byron's Don Juan. This poem served to mock a rival scientist's patent, demonstrating Davy's ability to blend humor with scientific discourse.
RELATIONSHIPS Humphry Davy's wedding to Jane Apreece took place on April 11, 1812, at her mother's residence in Portland Place, London. The ceremony was officiated by the Lord Bishop of Carlisle. This momentous occasion followed just three days after Davy was knighted by the Prince Regent.
A depiction of Humphry Davy and Jane Apreece's wedding
Jane Apreece, a wealthy Scottish widow and prominent figure in London society, brought substantial wealth to the marriage. This financial security allowed Davy to resign from his professorship at the Royal Institution in 1813, enabling him to dedicate himself fully to his chemical research.
The newlyweds embarked on their honeymoon in Scotland, visiting prominent figures. Despite being on their honeymoon, Davy's scientific curiosity remained strong, as he brought along a small chemical apparatus and conducted research on gunpowder during their travels. However, Jane's disapproval of his scientific pursuits, particularly after he brought a chemical chest on their honeymoon, suggests that their marriage may have been strained from the outset.
The marriage ultimately proved to be unhappy and childless. Nevertheless, Jane commissioned a portrait of Humphry by the renowned artist Thomas Lawrence around 1821, a testament to her recognition of his significant contributions to science, even amidst their marital challenges.
Davy's scientific pursuits were fostered by his connections with prominent figures such as Davies Giddy (later Gilbert), who granted him access to his extensive library and introduced him to other influential scientists. Thomas Beddoes, a physician and scientific writer, offered Davy a position at the Pneumatic Institution in Bristol, providing him with a crucial platform for his research. The Watt family, including James Watt, the renowned engineer, and his son, Gregory, who lodged with the Davy family, provided valuable guidance and support in Davy's chemical studies.
Beyond the scientific realm, Davy forged strong friendships with prominent literary figures. He formed a close bond with Robert Southey, one of the Lake Poets, whom he met during his time in Bristol. This connection led him to Samuel Taylor Coleridge, another prominent Lake Poet, who became a close friend. Through these connections, Davy also formed an acquaintance with William Wordsworth, further enriching his social and intellectual circles. Davy also regularly visited Sir Walter Scott at his Abbotsford home.
MONEY AND FAME Humphry Davy's combination of scientific brilliance, showmanship, and social connections propelled him from humble beginnings to a position of great wealth and fame, making him one of the first professional scientists to achieve true celebrity status in England.
Humphry Davy's rise to wealth and fame was meteoric, transforming him from a provincial chemist to one of the most celebrated scientists of his time.
His lectures were immensely popular due to his charismatic speaking style and flair for the theatrical. His ability to combine scientific information with spectacular demonstrations made his talks major social events.
Davy achieved significant fame, with his lectures becoming major social events. He refused to patent the Davy lamp, believing it immoral to profit from saving lives.
FOOD AND DRINK Davy incorporated alcohol into some of his experiments with nitrous oxide. On one occasion, he drank a whole bottle of wine in less than eight minutes before inhaling nitrous oxide.
"Sir Humphry Davy
Abominated gravy
He lived in the odium
Of having discovered sodium". EC Bentley Biography for Beginners
MUSIC AND ARTS On his return from a visit to Paris, Davy
was asked what he thought of the picture galleries there. "The finest
collection of frames I ever saw." was the reply. (1)
During the early 19th century, Davy attempted to capture images on light-sensitive paper, anticipating the development of photography. Though his initial efforts were unsuccessful, his experiments contributed to the ongoing exploration of this emerging field.
Laughing gas was an entertainment when
popular showmen would ask for volunteers from the audience, make them inhale
the stuff and hilarious laughter would ensue. Today it is one of the most widely used
anaesthetic inhalants and is rumoured to be used by many sitcom writers on studio
audiences.
LITERATURE A prolific writer, Davy published numerous scientific papers and books including in 1800 Researches, Chemical and Philosophical Chiefly Concerning Nitrous Oxide and its Respiration.
Davy had connections to prominent literary figures such as Coleridge, Southey, and Wordsworth. He also assisted in editing the second edition of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads.
Davy wrote over 160 poems, most of which were kept in his personal notebooks. He shared some with friends, and eight were published. They were admired by his contemporaries but less esteemed by modern critics.
At the young age of 21, Davy composed a poem about his discovery of nitrous oxide's effects, combining his scientific observations with a humorous literary approach, further showcasing his multifaceted personality.
His posthumous work Consolations in Travel combined poetry, science, and philosophy.
NATURE Davy's fascination with nature inspired many of his experiments and observations. His early interest in collecting minerals and rocks complemented his later scientific studies.
He conducted outdoor experiments, such as rubbing ice plates together to demonstrate energy transfer, showing his keen observation of natural processes.
PETS Davy kept a dog, which he used for his shooting expeditions
He owned a pony named "Derby" which he used to ride to visit his parents when he was a schoolboy.
In 1826, Davy, along with Sir Stamford Raffles and other scientists, collectors, and gentlemen, founded the Zoological Society of London (ZSL). This society was established with the purpose of forming a collection of animals for the advancement of zoological knowledge1.
The Zoological Society of London obtained a lease on an area of Regent's Park in 1826 and appointed Decimus Burton to design the gardens and animal accommodations. Although Raffles died shortly after the society's founding, Davy continued to be involved in its early development.
London Zoo, which opened to the public on April 27, 1828, was a direct result of the efforts of the Zoological Society of London5. It is considered the world's oldest scientific zoo, reflecting the growing scientific curiosity and exploration of wildlife in the early 19th century
HOBBIES AND SPORTS Davy was a keen sportsman especially shooting and fishing.
Davy was an expert angler, described by his brother as being "a little mad" about fishing. He wrote Salmonia or Days of Fly Fishing by an Angler.
Geology was both a professional and personal interest for Davy.
SCIENCE AND MATHS Davy's scientific contributions were numerous and significant. He is credited with the discovery of seven elements, including sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. He also conducted pioneering research in electrochemistry and was the first to produce electric light, albeit for a very short duration.
Furthermore, Davy's scientific curiosity led him to investigate a mysterious substance provided by Monsieur Ampère, ultimately leading to the discovery of iodine. Finally, in 1836, he discovered acetylene, a gas renowned for producing a higher heat output than any other known fuel.
INVENTIONS In 1815, Davy invented the Davy lamp, a revolutionary safety lamp for use in coal mines. Designed to prevent the ignition of flammable gases, the first trial of a Davy lamp with a wire sieve was at Hebburn Colliery on January 9, 1816.
A Davy lamp was famously taken down a mine shaft by the Reverend John Hodgson without informing anyone. This act, while bold, highlights the urgency of finding solutions to the dangers faced by miners in the pre-gas lighting era.
Davy's first safety lantern, 1815 (at left)
PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Davy's philosophy and theology combined elements of scientific rationalism, Romantic idealism, and a progressive view of civilization, all underpinned by a belief in the essential role of religion in human life. His views reflect the complex intellectual landscape of the early 19th century, bridging Enlightenment thought with Romantic sensibilities.
Davy’s philosophical musings were evident in Consolations in Travel, blending scientific and metaphysical ideas.
POLITICS Davy’s scientific achievements earned him recognition even during wartime, including a prize from Napoleon while Britain and France were at war.
SCANDAL Davy’s personal hygiene and jealousy toward Michael Faraday became topics of gossip and critique.
MILITARY RECORD His inventions had societal impacts akin to saving lives in hazardous environments.
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS In October 1812, Humphry Davy suffered a serious laboratory accident. The incident occurred while he was conducting experiments with nitrogen trichloride, a highly unstable and explosive compound. Davy was leaning over a container of chemicals when it exploded, severely injuring his eye.
This accident was not entirely surprising given Davy's reputation as an enthusiastic and sometimes careless experimenter. His brother reportedly commented that it was remarkable Davy didn't have more injuries, as "exposure to danger was an everyday occurrence" in his laboratory work.
The injury took several months to heal, during which time Davy needed assistance in the laboratory. This led him to hire Michael Faraday as his assistant, a decision that would have far-reaching consequences for the field of science, as Faraday went on to become one of the most innovative scientists in history.
Frequent exposure to chemicals left Davy an invalid for the last two decades of his life.
Humphry Davy conducted pioneering research on nitrous oxide (laughing gas) in the late 1700s. He not only investigated its effects but also dramatically demonstrated its potential by inhaling it himself to alleviate the pain of a tooth abscess. This groundbreaking experiment, conducted between 1798 and 1801, marked the first known use of an anesthetic. While he observed the euphoric and pain-relieving effects of the gas, Davy unfortunately never fully recognized its potential as a surgical anesthetic. He primarily saw its value in inducing laughter and relieving pain in a more general sense.
HOMES Humphry Davy was born at No. 4, The Terrace (now Market Jew Street) in Penzance, Cornwall. This house belonged to Dr. John Tonkin, a surgeon and apothecary, who played a significant role in Davy's early life.
In October 1798, Davy moved to Bristol to work at the Pneumatic Institution under the guidance of Dr. Thomas Beddoes. He initially resided at Beddoes' home in Clifton, which was well-equipped with a laboratory. Later, Beddoes relocated to a larger and more impressive residence in Rodney Place, described as "the best at Clifton," which also boasted an excellent laboratory.
In 1801, Davy accepted a position at the Royal Institution in London. As part of his employment, he was provided with a room to reside within the institution itself, marking a significant step in his professional and personal life.
In the 1820s conducted experiments in the basement of 14 Buckingham Street.
TRAVEL Humphry Davy embarked on several extensive tours of Europe throughout his life, combining scientific pursuits with personal and cultural experiences. In October 1813, he, his wife Jane, and his assistant Michael Faraday embarked on a grand tour of Europe. Their journey took them to France, where Davy received a medal awarded by Napoleon Bonaparte for his contributions to electrochemistry. In Paris, he investigated a mysterious substance, later identified as iodine, at the request of the renowned chemist Gay-Lussac.
The tour continued to Italy, with visits to Florence, Rome, and Naples. In Florence, Davy and Faraday conducted experiments using sunlight to ignite diamond, definitively proving its composition of pure carbon. They also explored Mount Vesuvius, collecting volcanic crystal samples. Their travels included stops in Milan, where they met Alessandro Volta, and Geneva. Plans to extend their journey to Greece and Constantinople were unfortunately thwarted by Napoleon's escape from Elba.
In his later years, Davy undertook further European tours, including visits to Norway and Sweden.. These trips blended scientific investigations with social engagements and leisure activities such as angling and geological studies. Davy embraced the persona of a "philosophical traveler," seeking both scientific knowledge and aesthetic experiences. He meticulously studied volcanoes and other chemical phenomena encountered during his travels. The contemplation of geological formations and the vastness of geological time provided Davy with profound and sublime experiences that significantly influenced his later writings.
Tragically, during one of his later European tours in 1829, Davy's health deteriorated significantly. He traveled to Italy, likely seeking a more favorable climate, but ultimately succumbed to a stroke in Geneva
DEATH Sir Humphry Davy passed away on May 29, 1829, in Geneva, Switzerland, at the age of 50. His death followed a series of health challenges. In March of that year, newspapers reported that Davy had suffered an "attack of apoplectic tendency," likely referring to a stroke. Earlier in Rome, his health had significantly deteriorated, prompting his wife Jane to travel from London to be by his side.
It is believed that Davy's declining health in his later years may have been partly attributed to the cumulative effects of his extensive chemical experiments and his frequent inhalation of various substances throughout his career.
Davy was laid to rest in the Plain Palais Cemetery (also known as Cimetière des Rois) in Geneva, Switzerland. While his physical remains are interred there, his legacy is commemorated in several locations. A marble memorial plaque was erected on the north wall of the chapel of St. Andrew in Westminster Abbey, London, honoring his significant contributions to science. Additionally, a statue of Davy stands proudly at the top of Market Jew Street in his hometown of Penzance, Cornwall, serving as a lasting tribute to this renowned scientist and inventor.
APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Davy has been depicted in biographies and documentaries focused on his scientific contributions and personal eccentricities.
ACHIEVEMENTS Discovered seven elements.
Invented the Davy lamp for miner safety.
Published influential works on nitrous oxide and chemistry.
Mentored Michael Faraday, who later surpassed him in scientific achievement.
Combined science and philosophy in the posthumous Consolations in Travel.
WHAT FAMOUS FOR Sammy Davis Jr. was a renowned American entertainer. He was a highly versatile performer, excelling in singing, dancing, acting, and comedy. His career spanned several decades, and he achieved iconic status as an entertainer.
BIRTH Born on December 8, 1925, in Harlem, New York City.
FAMILY BACKGROUND Sammy Davis Jr. was born to vaudeville performing parents, Sammy Davis Sr. and Elvera Sanchez. His father was African-American, and his mother was Afro-Cuban. Initially, he was cared for by his paternal grandmother, Rosa Davis
CHILDHOOD Raised primarily by his father and his uncle, Will Mastin, Sammy Davis Jr. joined the Will Mastin Trio as a child performer, learning the ropes of show business from an early age. By age 7, he had already appeared in the film Rufus Jones for President (1933)
EDUCATION Davis received limited formal education as his early career kept him on the road, performing in vaudeville and stage shows. His father occasionally hired tutors while they were on tour, but this was inconsistent, Instead, Davis's education came primarily through his experiences in show business.
He learned tap dancing from the legendary Bill "Bojangles" Robinson.
Davis developed skills in singing, dancing, comedy, and playing multiple instruments (trumpet, drums, piano, and vibraphone)
CAREER RECORD Early Career: Started performing as a child with his parents.
Solo Career: Achieved significant solo success in the 1950s and 1960s.
Film and Television: Appeared in numerous films and television shows, including Ocean's Eleven, Sweet Charity, and The Rat Pack.
Las Vegas Residency: Became a prominent performer in Las Vegas, known for his high-energy shows and charismatic stage presence.
APPEARANCE Sammy Davis Jr. was of short stature, standing at 5'6". His signature look included tailored suits and later, a glass eye, following the loss of his left eye in 1954.
Photo of Sammy Davis, Jr. in 1972.
FASHION Davis was known for his sharp, sophisticated fashion sense, favoring slim-cut suits and accessories that epitomized the Rat Pack's style.
CHARACTER A charismatic and driven individual, Davis was known for his high energy, infectious enthusiasm, and engaging stage presence. He overcame significant racial prejudice and personal setbacks to achieve his status as an entertainment legend.
SPEAKING VOICE He had a smooth, distinctive speaking voice, equally adept at charming audiences or delivering comedic punchlines.
SENSE OF HUMOUR Sammy Davis Jr.'s comedic style was nothing short of a marvel—a dazzling cocktail of wit, mimicry, and the kind of self-deprecating humor that could charm even the stoniest audience member. His versatility was legendary, his ability to leap from vaudevillian slapstick to poignant self-reflection as smooth as a Fred Astaire glide. If there was a comedy Mount Rushmore, Davis might very well deserve a double carving.
To watch Davis in action was to witness a masterclass in adaptability. He had an uncanny knack for reading a room, molding his act to fit the vibe like an impeccably tailored tuxedo. His impressions were so sharp they could have sliced through sheet metal—Sinatra, Bogart, Jerry Lewis—he nailed them all. And he didn’t just mimic; he embodied, sprinkling these uncanny renditions into his routines like rare spices. His humor could pivot from the broad slapstick of a bygone era to incisive commentary on the pressing issues of race and identity, often in the same breath.
Self-deprecation was his comedic bread and butter, the fuel that powered his connection with audiences. He’d turn the spotlight on himself with such disarming candor, you’d almost forget the underlying tensions he was addressing. For Davis, humor wasn’t just a tool; it was a bridge, a way to ease past thorny issues of race and religion with a lightness that felt anything but trivial. But his comedy wasn’t all sunshine and roses. Sometimes, his willingness to lean into stereotypes or participate in racially charged banter—particularly in the predominantly white circles of his era—raised eyebrows and stirred debates.
Davis’s timing was impeccable. He could toss off an “off-the-cuff” joke so perfectly timed it felt like catching a butterfly mid-flight. Even the most meticulously rehearsed routines sparkled with the illusion of spontaneity, a talent honed from years on the vaudeville circuit. His quick-witted exchanges with his bandleader were often show highlights, peppered with a touch of mischief that kept audiences on their toes.
And then, of course, there was the Rat Pack. Within that legendary orbit of banter and bravado, Davis often found himself the target of racial digs. But he wielded his wit like a fencer’s foil, turning barbs into brilliant comebacks that left even Sinatra nodding in admiration. It was a delicate dance—one part survival, one part artistry—but Davis handled it with a grace that made the whole thing look effortless.
One of his signature moves was blending humor into his musical performances, a rare skill that gave his act a dynamic, almost theatrical flair. Case in point: his celebrated 10-minute rendition of "Rock-a-Bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody." It wasn’t just a song; it was a comedy routine, an impression showcase, and a standing ovation waiting to happen. His ability to shift seamlessly from heartfelt balladry to side-splitting humor made him not just a comedian or a singer, but a bona fide phenomenon.
RELATIONSHIPS Sammy Davis Jr.'s romantic life was as multifaceted and eventful as his career. He was married three times and had numerous other relationships, many of which sparked controversy due to the racial tensions of the era.
His first marriage was to Loray White, a Black singer. The ceremony took place in the Emerald Room of the Sands Hotel. It was a brief event, lasting only two minutes and the bride was 40 minutes late to the ceremony. This brief union, lasting from January 1958 to April 1959, was reportedly arranged to protect Davis from threats stemming from his relationship with white actress Kim Novak.
His second and most controversial marriage was to Swedish actress May Britt. Their interracial wedding on November 13, 1960 at Davis' Hollywood home faced significant public backlash, including death threats and bomb threats. Interracial marriage was illegal in 31 states at the time, and the couple faced significant social and professional repercussions. They had three children together before divorcing in 1968.
May Britt in the 1960s
Davis's third and final marriage was to Altovise Gore, an African American dancer. They married in 1970 and remained together until his death in 1990. This marriage attracted less public attention than his previous interracial unions. he couple adopted a son named Manny Davis
Throughout his life, Davis was linked to numerous women, including actresses, singers, and dancers. His relationships often crossed racial lines, making him a controversial figure in an era of significant racial tension. Despite the challenges, Davis consistently pursued relationships based on his personal feelings rather than societal expectations.
Davis was part of The Rat Pack, an informal group of entertainers who became synonymous with Las Vegas in the 1960s. Led by Frank Sinatra, the core members also included Dean Martin, Peter Lawford, and Joey Bishop.
MONEY AND FAME Sammy Davis Jr., fondly remembered as "Mr. Show Business" and "The World's Greatest Entertainer," was a true polymath of the performing arts. His unparalleled talents spanned singing, dancing, acting, comedy, and impersonations, earning him a reputation as one of the most versatile and captivating entertainers of all time.
Financially, Sammy Davis Jr.'s career was a story of both incredible wealth and dramatic losses. At the height of his fame, he amassed a fortune reportedly totaling $50 million. His 1972 hit song "The Candy Man" topped the Billboard charts, adding another glittering achievement to his résumé. Known as "Mister Show Business," Davis became synonymous with the glitz and glamour of Las Vegas, where he ruled the stage.
However, his financial success was undermined by his extravagant lifestyle and a lack of effective financial management. By the time of his death in 1990, Davis's net worth was estimated at just $5 million—equivalent to approximately $11 million in 2024 when adjusted for inflation. Adding to his financial woes, he owed $7 million in back taxes to the Internal Revenue Service, a debt that ballooned further due to penalties and interest.
Despite these challenges, Davis’s contributions to the arts have left a lasting legacy. In 1987, he received the prestigious Kennedy Center Honor, recognizing his immense impact on American culture. Posthumously, he was awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 2001 and inducted into the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame in 2017. His work continues to inspire and entertain, generating income for his estate through royalties and licensing deals. However, the management of his estate has been complicated by legal disputes and lingering tax debts, reflecting the complex aftermath of a life lived in the spotlight.
FOOD AND DRINK Sammy Davis Jr., despite his fame and wealth, maintained a fondness for simple, comforting foods. His favorite dish was a classic childhood comfort food: spaghetti and meatballs. This dish evoked memories of his early days as a traveling performer and remained a favorite, even when dining at the finest restaurants in Rome. Other beloved dishes included ham hocks and greens, a recipe passed down from his grandmother, and the traditional Sunday meal of fried chicken and black-eyed peas. (1)
When it came to drinks, Davis had a distinct preference for cocktails. His signature drink was a unique twist on the classic highball. He favored Japanese whisky, particularly Suntory, over traditional Scotch, and substituted ginger ale for the usual club soda. A lemon twist garnished his preferred highball. Other favorite drinks included the margarita and the Rusty Nail, a popular choice among the Rat Pack.
Davis's appreciation for Japanese whisky led to a significant partnership with Suntory, making him one of their first American celebrity endorsers. This collaboration played a crucial role in elevating Japanese whisky to its current status as a luxury spirit.
Davis eventually quit drinking due to health concerns. However, his taste for simple, comforting foods and sophisticated yet approachable drinks remained an enduring part of his legacy.
MUSIC AND ARTS Sammy Davis Jr. was, quite simply, a force of nature in a tuxedo. Over a career that spanned six decades, he earned himself the rather ambitious nicknames "Mr. Entertainment" and "The World's Greatest Entertainer"—monikers that, astonishingly, he managed to live up to. Davis’s astonishing versatility and trailblazing achievements made him a cultural icon, though his path to stardom was as colorful as his performances.
Born on December 8, 1925, in New York City, Davis practically danced into the world show-ready. By the age of three, he was already on stage, performing in vaudeville with his father and uncle as part of the Will Mastin Trio. It was the sort of start that would either traumatize a child or prepare them to conquer the world. Fortunately for us, it was the latter. Those early years provided Davis with a foundation in showbiz that would serve him well as he became a singer, dancer, actor, comedian, and, on occasion, a musician. He was, in every sense, a walking variety show.
Davis’s meteoric rise began in the 1950s after a breakout performance at Ciro’s nightclub in Los Angeles, staged conveniently after the 1951 Academy Awards. If you’ve ever wondered what “electrifying” looks like, imagine Davis dazzling an audience with a blend of quick-footed dancing, pitch-perfect singing, and a level of charisma that could power a small city. From that moment on, he was a sensation in the nightclub circuit, his talents spilling over into Broadway, recordings, film, and television.
On Broadway, Davis proved he could light up a theater just as easily as a stage. In Mr. Wonderful (1956), he was, naturally, wonderful. Then came Golden Boy (1964), a role that earned him a Tony Award nomination and cemented his status as a stage powerhouse. Meanwhile, Davis’s recording career was just as illustrious. His 1972 hit “The Candy Man” sweetened the charts, reaching No. 1 on Billboard, while his poignant ballad “What Kind of Fool Am I?” nabbed him a Grammy nomination and became a standard in his repertoire.
Davis’s star power wasn’t confined to the stage and studio. On the silver screen, he shone alongside his Rat Pack brethren in Ocean’s 11 (1960), a film that was less about plot and more about swagger, with Davis delivering both in spades. He also stole scenes as the charming Sportin’ Life in Porgy and Bess (1959). And, of course, there was television, where The Sammy Davis Jr. Show (1966) gave him a platform to showcase his boundless talent week after week.
His legacy is one of unrelenting brilliance, an enduring reminder that sometimes, the greatest stars are those who never stop dazzling.
LITERATURE Sammy Davis Jr.'s early life in show business significantly impacted his formal education. Constantly on the road with his family's vaudeville act, he never had the opportunity to attend school regularly. This itinerant lifestyle prevented him from acquiring traditional reading and writing skills.
While not a prolific writer in the traditional sense, Davis did engage in several literary projects. His autobiography, Yes I Can, published in 1965, became a bestseller. However, the book was primarily written by his close friends, Burt and Jane Boyar. Davis himself acknowledged his limited involvement, stating, "I did not type a letter. I did not put one syllable on a piece of paper."
Later in life, Davis expressed an interest in creative writing. He collaborated with his wife, Altovise, on children's stories, sharing a passion for creating stories that could inspire and impact the lives of young people and aspiring artists.
NATURE Davis spent much of his life in urban environments, but he appreciated the serenity of his homes in Beverly Hills and Palm Springs.
PETS Sammy Davis Jr. was a pet lover and owned at least a couple of dogs during his lifetime. They included Bojangles, a black poodle likely named after the famous dancer Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, who had been a mentor to Davis in his youth.
Another of Davis's dogs was named Tiny, for which he held a personal animal license issued by the City of Los Angeles. This license was later auctioned as part of his estate
HOBBIES AND SPORTS Davis enjoyed shooting pool, playing golf, and spending time with close friends.
He was an avid photographer who enjoyed shooting pictures of family and acquaintances.
Davis was an enthusiastic shooter and gun owner.
SCIENCE AND MATHS Davis was fascinated by innovative stage technology and lighting.
PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY On November 19, 1954, Sammy Davis Jr. was involved in a near-fatal car accident in San Bernardino, California, while returning from Las Vegas to Los Angeles. The previous year, he had forged a friendship with comedian and host Eddie Cantor, who had gifted him a mezuzah. Instead of adhering to tradition by placing it on his doorpost, Davis wore it around his neck as a good luck charm. However, he had forgotten to wear the mezuzah on the night of the accident.
While recovering in the hospital, Eddie Cantor shared insights with Sammy about the parallels between Jewish and Black cultures. Raised Catholic by his Catholic mother and Baptist father, Davis began exploring Jewish history as an adult. A particular passage from Abram L. Sachar's book A History of the Jews which described the enduring strength of the Jewish people, deeply resonated with him. This newfound interest ultimately led him to convert to Judaism in 1960.
Davis at the Western Wall, Jerusalem, 1969. Israel Press and Photo Agency photographer
POLITICS He was politically active, aligning himself with civil rights causes. Despite his association with John F. Kennedy, he was barred from performing at the White House due to his interracial marriage.
ACTIVISM Beyond his artistic brilliance, Davis played a pivotal role in breaking racial barriers in entertainment. One of the first African-American performers to achieve mainstream success, he used his influence to challenge segregation in venues across Miami Beach and Las Vegas. By refusing to perform in segregated clubs, he forced a cultural shift that opened doors for future generations of Black artists. His bold stance made him not just an entertainer but a trailblazer for civil rights within the industry.
SCANDAL Davis faced significant backlash and death threats due to his interracial relationships, particularly his marriage to May Britt.
After splitting from May Britt, Davis began a nonstop orgy of liquor, cocaine and swingers. (2)
MILITARY RECORD Sammy Davis Jr. was drafted into the U.S. Army in 1943 at the age of 18. Assigned to an integrated infantry unit, a rarity for the time, Davis faced significant challenges. Standing at only 5'6" tall and weighing a mere 120 pounds, he was physically smaller than many of his fellow soldiers.
During his service, Davis endured severe racial discrimination and abuse. He was subjected to frequent physical assaults, with his nose broken on multiple occasions. White soldiers, particularly those from the South, subjected him to constant harassment. In one particularly degrading incident, fellow soldiers painted him white from head to toe. He also recounted an incident where soldiers offered him beer laced with urine. Davis later described the experience as a constant struggle, stating, "I had a knockdown, drag-out fight every two days."
Due to the extreme abuse he suffered, Davis was eventually transferred to the Army's Special Services branch, a unit responsible for entertaining troops. Ironically, he found himself performing for some of the same soldiers who had previously abused him. However, he discovered that his talent could be a powerful tool for both protection and potential change, offering a unique way to connect with his abusers and potentially shift their attitudes.
Davis's military experience had a profound and lasting impact on him. It exposed him to a level of racism that he had previously been shielded from by his father and mentor, Will Mastin. This experience shaped his belief that his talent could be used as a "weapon" to combat prejudice. He believed that through his performances, he could influence people's thinking and help to transcend racial barriers.
Davis was discharged in 1945 with the rank of private. He earned the American Campaign Medal and the World War II Victory Medal. Despite the immense hardships he endured, Davis's military service ultimately contributed to his growth as a performer and his later involvement in civil rights activism.
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS On November 19, 1954, while driving back from Las Vegas to Los Angeles, Sammy Davis Jr. was involved in a serious car accident in San Bernardino, California. The accident occurred at a critical juncture on U.S. Route 66, where Cajon Boulevard intersects with Kendall Drive. Another driver, having missed the turn, mistakenly backed up their vehicle into Davis's lane. The impact resulted in a severe injury to Davis, causing him to lose his left eye due to the forceful impact of the car's bullet-shaped horn button, a common feature in 1954 and 1955 Cadillac models.
Following the accident, Davis wore an eye patch for approximately six months. This distinctive look became a part of his public image, gracing the cover of his debut album and making an appearance on the popular game show What's My Line?
Later, Davis was fitted with a glass eye, which he wore for the remainder of his life.
He later battled throat cancer, which led to his death. In August 1989, Davis began experiencing symptoms of cancer, including a tickle in his throat and an inability to taste food. Doctors discovered a malignant tumor in his throat. Davis, a heavy smoker who often consumed up to four packs of cigarettes a day, initially chose radiation therapy over surgery to preserve his voice. However, as the cancer recurred, his larynx was eventually removed.
HOMES Davis owned luxurious homes in Beverly Hills and Palm Springs, which became gathering spots for the Rat Pack.
TRAVEL He toured extensively throughout his career, performing globally in concert halls, theaters, and nightclubs.
DEATH Sammy Davis Jr.'s life tragically ended on May 16, 1990, at his Beverly Hills home at the age of 64. The cause of death was complications from throat cancer, a battle he had bravely fought since 1989.
News of his passing sent shockwaves through the entertainment world, prompting an outpouring of grief and tributes. Las Vegas, the city where Davis had achieved immense success, dimmed its iconic Strip lights for 10 minutes in his honor.
His funeral service, held at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California, was a testament to his enduring popularity. Open to the public, 400 tickets were distributed to fans who lined up as early as 6 am to pay their respects. The service itself drew a crowd of 1,200, including legendary figures like Frank Sinatra, Michael Jackson, Dean Martin, Stevie Wonder, and Billy Crystal.
Sammy Davis Jr. was laid to rest at Forest Lawn Memorial Park's Court of Freedom section, Garden of Honor. His final resting place is in the Southeast garden, a locked private area, marked by map #G28, Garden Crypt 577410. A fitting headstone inscription reads: "THE ENTERTAINER - HE DID IT ALL," summarizing the multifaceted brilliance that Sammy Davis Jr. brought to the world.
APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Davis appeared in numerous films and TV shows, including The Rifleman, All in the Family, and The Cosby Show. His appearances in media were not just entertainment; they often carried significant cultural weight. His guest spots on TV frequently addressed racial barriers, such as his kiss with Archie Bunker on All in the Family, which sparked conversations about race relations in America.
Through his work, Sammy Davis Jr. not only entertained millions but also challenged stereotypes and opened doors for future generations of African-American performers.
ACHIEVEMENTS Davis received multiple accolades, including a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. He broke racial barriers in entertainment and inspired countless artists.
NAME Ruth Elizabeth Davis, professionally known as Bette Davis
WHAT FAMOUS FOR Bette Davis was an iconic actress renowned for her portrayals of strong, independent women in films like What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?, Jezebel, and All About Eve.
BIRTH Bette Davis was born on April 5, 1908, at 55 Cedar Street, Lowell, Massachusetts.
FAMILY BACKGROUND Her father, Harlow Morrell Davis, was a law student who became a patent attorney. Her mother, Ruth Augusta "Ruthie" Favor, hailed from Tyngsboro, Massachusetts. Most of Bette’s ancestors were New Englanders dating back to the 1600s.
When she was eight, her parents divorced, and her mother raised her and her sister, Barbara.
CHILDHOOD Born Ruth Elizabeth Davis, she was affectionately known as "Betty" from an early age. When she was ten, her parents divorced, and her mother raised her and her sister.
EDUCATION Bette Davis's education played a crucial role in shaping her future career. She attended various boarding schools, including Crestalban in Lanesborough, Massachusetts, for three years. Later, she enrolled at Cushing Academy in Ashburnham, Massachusetts, her mother's alma mater. At Cushing Academy, she developed a taste for acting and began performing in school productions.
Davis's passion for acting grew during her teenage years. After Cushing Academy, she participated in summer stock theater in Rochester, New York. She then moved to New York City to pursue her acting dreams. Davis enrolled in the John Murray Anderson/Robert Milton School of Theatre and Dance, where she became a star pupil and Lucille Ball was a classmate.
CAREER RECORD Broadway debut in 1929
Signed with Warner Bros. in 1931
Starred in numerous classic films, including Dangerous, Jezebel, All About Eve, and What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?
Continued to act in film, television, and theater throughout her career
APPEARANCE Bette Davis had a distinctive and memorable appearance that contributed significantly to her iconic status in Hollywood. Her most striking feature was undoubtedly her eyes, which were large, expressive, and slightly wide-set. These eyes became so famous that they inspired the hit song "Bette Davis Eyes" by Kim Carnes in the 1980s. Key aspects of Bette Davis' appearance included her large, expressive eyes, a mouth that could appear as a demure bow one moment and wide and startlingly sexual the next, skin that seemed to "glitter," and a distinctive forehead that was also expressive.
Bette Davis in 1935 Wikipedia
Davis was known for her willingness to alter her appearance dramatically for roles. She would often use makeup, wigs, and even prosthetics to transform herself. For What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962), she famously shaved her hairline and eyebrows and plastered her face with powder. In Mr. Skeffington (1944), she wore period wigs and portrayed both a youthful and aged version of her character.
Davis was notable for her willingness to age naturally on screen. She admitted freely to her age, which was unusual for actresses of her time. As she aged, she allowed her wrinkles to show, valuing authenticity over preserving a youthful appearance. She once remarked about her early years, "Compared to what I look like now, I was an absolute living doll!"
FASHION Off-screen, Davis favored simplicity in her clothing, often wearing block colors or simple patterns. She was known for her "outdoorsy New England look" and sports clothes. Her style evolved over time, including a "hipster phase" in the 1980s where she predominantly dressed in black.
CHARACTER Davis was determined, outspoken, and fiercely independent, qualities that translated into her powerful performances.
SPEAKING VOICE Her distinctive, husky speaking voice added gravitas to her performances. It was often described as sultry and commanding
SENSE OF HUMOUR Davis had a sharp wit, evidenced by her playful feuds and pranks, such as installing a Coca-Cola machine on the set of What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? to antagonize Joan Crawford.
RELATIONSHIPS Bette Davis's personal life was as dramatic as her on-screen performances. Throughout her life, she was married four times, each marriage reflecting a different stage in her personal and professional journey.
Her first marriage was to Harmon Oscar Nelson. They married on August 18, 1932 in Yuma, Arizona in 1932, and it lasted only six years. They reportedly clashed over Davis's rising fame and income.
Her second marriage was to Arthur Farnsworth. They married on December 30, 1940 at Home Ranch, Rimrock, Arizona. The marriage was tragically cut short by his death just three years later.
On November 29, 1945, Davis married William Grant Sherry. This marriage gave her one biological daughter, Barbara Davis Sherry (known as B.D., born in 1947, but ended in divorce in 1950 due to reported abuse.
Davis's final marriage was to actor Gary Merrill, her co-star from All About Eve. They married on July 28, 1950 and adopted two children, Margot and Michael, but their relationship was strained by Merrill's struggles with alcohol. They divorced in 1960. Sadly, Margot was later diagnosed with severe learning disabilities and required institutionalization.
Davis and Merrill posing in a promotional image for All About Eve
Reflecting on her personal life, Davis once admitted, "If I was a fool in my personal life, I can't blame acting for that. I chose very foolishly." Her marriages were often tumultuous, and the challenges she faced in her personal life are well documented.
Her feuds, particularly with Joan Crawford, were legendary in Hollywood.
MONEY AND FAME Davis achieved immense fame and fortune, becoming one of Hollywood’s most celebrated actresses. Davis was known for her business acumen and shrewd negotiating skills
FOOD AND DRINK Bette Davis had some distinctive eating and drinking habits. She was a proponent of staying hydrated, drinking a glass of water every hour. Her breakfast often consisted of a simple and quick meal: a three-minute soft-boiled egg. Davis enjoyed simple, traditional New England fare like homemade burgers, cucumber salad, cornish game hen, and fresh berries with cold cream. One of her favorite foods was baked beans, and she even shared her own recipe for them.
In terms of beverages, Davis enjoyed white wine and was a regular coffee drinker, sometimes consuming 3-4 cups with breakfast. Unfortunately, Davis also had a significant addiction to smoking. She was a heavy smoker, consuming up to 100 Vantage cigarettes per day. Her cigarette addiction was so severe that she always needed to have one in her hand.
While Davis didn't follow any extreme diets, she seemed to prefer simple, hearty foods reminiscent of her New England upbringing. Her most notable habits were her frequent water consumption and, sadly, her heavy cigarette smoking.
She owned a nightclub in Hollywood for U.S. servicemen and women, where food and drinks were free.
MUSIC AND ARTS Kim Carnes’ hit song "Bette Davis Eyes" in 1981 brought her renewed recognition, earning admiration from her granddaughter.
LITERATURE Davis's love for reading was so pronounced that it reportedly contributed to the end of her first marriage. In a 1938 divorce, her husband claimed "She Read Too Much" as one of the reasons for their separation. While this headline was likely sensationalized, it suggests that Davis spent a significant amount of time reading.
Davis authored multiple books during her lifetime:
This 'N That - Written during her recovery from a stroke in the late 1970s
Bette Davis, The Lonely Life - Her last book, issued in paperback in 1990, which included an update covering 1962 to 1989. She wrote the final chapter of "The Lonely Life" while in San Sebastian, Spain, demonstrating her commitment to writing even in her later years.
Davis's fondness for writing extended to her professional relationships. During the pre-production of a film, she developed a habit of frequently phoning the director with her thoughts, often hanging up abruptly after stating her opinion. This behavior suggests she was constantly thinking about and articulating her ideas, much like a writer.
Even after her death, Davis's connection to literature persisted. Her daughter, B.D. Hyman, wrote a book about Bette called My Mother's Keeper in 1985, which, although scandalous, further cemented Davis's place in literary discussions.
NATURE Bette enjoyed New England's natural beauty, where her family roots lay.
PETS Bette Davis was a devoted animal lover throughout her life, with a particular fondness for dogs. This passion for canine companions suggests she likely enjoyed spending time in nature as well. She arrived in Hollywood in 1930 with her wire-haired terrier, Boojum, by her side. At times, she even had four Scotties as pets simultaneously. Her dedication to animal welfare went beyond personal ownership. She served as the lifetime president of the Tailwaggers Society of Southern California, an organization dedicated to animal well-being. She even went a step further by organizing a fundraising event in 1938 to support an animal hospital and guide dog training programs.
Despite a couple of unfortunate incidents, like being bitten on the ankle by Errol Flynn's dog while filming The Sisters in 1938 and another bite on the nose from a Scottie she was pet-sitting in 1942, Davis's love for dogs remained unwavering. She famously said, "I still loved dogs, except for the one who bit me." In addition to her own pets, Davis cared for homeless dogs, demonstrating her compassion extended beyond her personal companions.
Source Sister Celluloid
HOBBIES AND SPORTS Davis led Girl Scouts and Cub Scouts during her childhood and stayed connected to youth organizations throughout her life.
As a child, Davis participated in various sports at Virgil Junior High School, including tennis, volleyball, and swimming. She even won trophies in athletics. At the age of 12, her passion for sports led to her first screen role when a director noticed her playing baseball.
As an adult, Davis specifically enjoyed swimming, tennis, and bridge.
PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Bette Davis lived by a philosophy of resilience and independence, as reflected in her epitaph: "She did it the hard way."
POLITICS Davis was vocal about industry politics, often challenging studio heads and advocating for actors' rights.
She was generally liberal in her political views.
Davis registering to vote in 1964 https://digital.library.ucla.edu/catalog/ark:/21198/zz0002sq14
SCANDAL Davis was involved in several public scandals throughout her career, including feuds with other actresses and studio executives Her rivalry with Joan Crawford was both professional and personal, reaching legendary heights during the filming of What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?
MILITARY RECORD She actively supported U.S. troops during World War II through her Hollywood nightclub.
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS The years leading up to her death were marked by declining health. In quick succession, she battled breast cancer, a stroke, and a broken hip. The cancer's spread accelerated roughly 1-1.5 years before her death. A serious illness while accepting an award at a Spanish film festival led to hospitalization in France, where she eventually passed away.
HOMES Bette Davis owned several notable homes throughout her life, each offering a glimpse into different periods of her personal and professional journey.
Her roots trace back to Lowell, Massachusetts, where she was born in a large, pink Victorian house on April 5, 1908. The house has since been subdivided into private residences, but a plaque commemorating Davis is set between the first and second floors of the exterior.
In Sugar Hill, New Hampshire, Davis owned a farmhouse called Butternut Cottage. This is believed to have been her first home, although there are rumors that it unfortunately burned down.
During the early stages of her career, while starring in Of Human Bondage, Davis lived in a Spanish Colonial Revival house in Beverly Hills, California, with her first husband, Harmon "Ham" Nelson.
In Laguna Beach, California, she resided at 1991 Ocean Way from 1947 to 1950. This six-bedroom Norman Revival home was perched atop a beachside cliff, offering stunning views. Davis described it as "a dream ... filled with antiques, wood-panelled walls, and all my beloved books." Today, this historic property is recognized on the Laguna Beach register of historic buildings.
TRAVEL Bette Davis traveled extensively for her career, including a final journey to France, where she passed away.
She famously turned down the lead in The African Queen due to its on-location filming.
DEATH Bette Davis passed away on October 6, 1989, at the age of 81. She succumbed to breast cancer at the American Hospital in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France, a suburb of Paris. Her battle with cancer had been ongoing for several years, with a mastectomy performed about five years before her passing.
Following her death, Bette Davis's remains were brought back to Los Angeles for burial. Her final resting place is Forest Lawn Memorial Park in the Hollywood Hills. She shares a white marble sarcophagus with her mother, Ruth Favor Davis, and her sister, Barbara "Bobby" Davis Berry. Atop the sarcophagus stands a marble statue depicting a Greek goddess holding a bouquet of flowers.
The inscription on Davis's grave is a remarkable reflection of her life and career. The epitaph, "She did it the hard way," was reportedly suggested by Joseph Mankiewicz, who directed her in the 1950 film All About Eve. Interestingly, Davis herself had proposed these very lines for her epitaph just a few months before her death.
A small, private graveside service was held for close friends and family, followed by a public memorial service on a Hollywood sound stage. To honor her legacy, The Bette Davis Foundation was established by her estate managers. This foundation provides financial assistance to aspiring young actors and actresses.
APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Bette Davis has been a prominent figure in media and pop culture for decades, her legacy enduring well beyond her passing. Here are notable mentions of her appearances and references:
Bette Davis: The Benevolent Volcano (1984) explored her career and personality through interviews and rare footage.
Stardust: The Bette Davis Story (2006), narrated by Susan Sarandon, delved into her life and career.
In Feud: Bette and Joan (2017), Susan Sarandon played Davis, dramatizing her rivalry with Joan Crawford during the filming of What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?
Davis appeared as herself in TV specials and interviews, notably on talk shows like The Tonight Show and The Dick Cavett Show, where her sharp wit and intelligence shone.
Kim Carnes' 1981 smash hit "Bette Davis Eyes" made Davis a pop culture icon for a new generation. The song celebrated her distinctive allure, with lyrics referencing her famously expressive eyes. Davis loved the song and praised it for making her "part of modern history."
Davis has been featured or referenced in numerous biographies and memoirs about Hollywood, including The Divine Feud by Shaun Considine, which focuses on her relationship with Joan Crawford.
In several episodes of The Simpsons, Davis is referenced as a cultural touchstone, including nods to her films and rivalry with Joan Crawford.
ACHIEVEMENTS Davis was a trailblazer, becoming the first person to receive ten Oscar nominations and cementing her legacy as a Hollywood legend. Her career continues to influence and inspire actors and filmmakers worldwide.
She won Oscars for Dangerous (1935) and Jezebel (1938).
WHAT FAMOUS FOR Saint David is renowned as the patron saint of Wales, a significant religious figure in Welsh history, and the founder of Celtic monastic communities.
BIRTH Born circa 520 AD near the present-day city of St Davids in Pembrokeshire, Wales. He was said to have been born during a tempestuous storm on a clifftop near St. Bride's Bay in Pembrokeshire.
FAMILY BACKGROUND His lineage was distinguished, tracing back to Welsh royalty. Saint David is believed to be the son of Sant (a prince of Ceredigion) and Non, a saintly woman who later became venerated in her own right. Notably, David was reportedly the grandson of Ceredig ap Cunedda, the king of Ceredigion.
CHILDHOOD Little is documented about his childhood, but early accounts suggest he was raised in a devout Christian environment.
Even before his birth, David was believed to have performed miracles. When his mother, while pregnant, attended a church service, the preacher found himself unable to speak until she left, hinting at the child's future significance.
EDUCATION He studied under St. Paulinus at the Hen Fynyw monastery in Cardiganshire for at least 10 years, where he excelled in scripture and theology. His participation and eloquent address at the Synod of Brefi around 550 AD further demonstrate his substantial theological and rhetorical training.
CAREER RECORD Became a priest and later a bishop.
Founded multiple monasteries and churches across Wales including a monastery at Mynyw (Menevia), which later became St Davids.
Led the Welsh Church and played a significant role in its development.
Attended the Synod of Brefi, an important gathering of Welsh church leaders.
APPEARANCE Though no contemporary images exist, later depictions show him as a tall, austere figure, often holding a dove or standing on a raised platform.
A stained glass window at St Non's Chapel, St David's by Llywelyn2000
FASHION As a Christian priest and later archbishop, David's attire would have reflected his religious office. He likely wore a long tunic or robe reaching his ankles, possibly with a cloak or mantle for outdoor wear. His clothing would have been simple and unadorned, mirroring the ascetic lifestyle he embraced.
Common elements of 6th-century male dress suggest that David's everyday attire may have included a linen or wool undershirt with long sleeves, a woolen tunic reaching to the knees, and a belt at the waist perhaps adorned with a simple buckle. Trousers or breeches made of wool and leather shoes, possibly fastened with laces or toggles, would have completed his attire.
For warmth, he may have worn a rectangular cloak fastened at the shoulder, and a cap or hood for colder weather. Any jewelry would have been minimal, likely limited to a simple cross as a symbol of his Christian faith. Given his ascetic lifestyle, David's clothing would have emphasized modesty and functionality rather than luxury or ornamentation. The materials used would likely have been locally sourced wool and linen, dyed with natural pigments like woad for blue or madder for red.
CHARACTER He was a deeply spiritual, practical, and compassionate man, committed to serving both God and the people of Wales.
SPEAKING VOICE His sermons were described as powerful and inspiring, capable of moving large crowds.
SENSE OF HUMOUR Though known for his piety, some stories reflect his gentle wit, particularly in his guidance to monks on balancing labor with devotion.
RELATIONSHIPS Saint David lived a celibate life and dedicated himself to God and the monastic community. He had a close relationship with his mother, Saint Non.
MONEY AND FAME David eschewed wealth and status, living a life of extreme simplicity and focused on spiritual matters and serving the needs of others. He urged others to do the same.
A depiction of Saint David, highlighting his monastic lifestyle and connection to simplicity
FOOD AND DRINK David was known for his strict monastic lifestyle, which included a simple diet of bread, salt, herbs and water (earning him the nickname "David the Water Drinker" or "Dewi Ddyfrwr" in Welsh). Meat and beer were forbidden in his monastic community.
MUSIC AND ARTS As the founder of a monastery, David likely encouraged some form of liturgical chanting or singing as part of religious services, which was common in early Christian monastic communities. However, his austere lifestyle suggests that any music would have been simple and focused on worship rather than entertainment.
Saint David's legacy has had a significant impact on Welsh musical traditions:
The St David's Cathedral, built on the site of his original monastery, has been an important center for religious music for centuries. It currently has a renowned cathedral choir and hosts an annual music festival.
Many Welsh hymns and choral works have been inspired by Saint David's life and teachings.
The celebration of St David's Day on March 1st has become an occasion for musical performances and festivals throughout Wales.
LITERATURE David wrote a strict monastic rule for his community, inspired by Egyptian monasticism. While this rule was influential, it does not appear to have survived as a written text attributed directly to David.
His teachings were passed down orally. The earliest known written account of Saint David's life was composed around 1095 by Rhygyfarch, son of Bishop Sulien, nearly 500 years after David's death. This Life of St David became the primary source for much of what we know about the saint, though it likely includes a mix of historical fact and legend.
NATURE David revered nature and encouraged sustainable practices like manual ploughing without oxen.
During a sermon at Llanddewi Brefi, David is said to have caused a hill to rise up beneath him so that he could address the large crowd. A white dove reportedly landed on his shoulder during this sermon, symbolizing divine favor. He is also said to have struck his staff into dry ground, causing a spring to burst forth.
He is also credited with introducing honeybees to Ireland through a blessing that allowed them to follow a monk named Modomnoc.
HOBBIES AND SPORTS His focus was on prayer and manual labor rather than recreation.
SCIENCE AND MATHS While not a scientist or mathematician in the modern sense, his emphasis on observation and understanding the natural world reflects a connection to early forms of scientific inquiry. His understanding of natural cycles likely supported agricultural innovations within his monasteries.
PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Saint David's philosophy and theology were deeply rooted in asceticism and monastic discipline, reflecting the austere Christian practices of the 6th century. David embraced a life of extreme simplicity, adhering to a strict diet of bread, vegetables, and water. He encouraged his followers to abstain from meat and beer as a form of penance.
David established a rigorous monastic rule for his community. Monks were required to till the fields themselves without the use of animals, and personal possessions were strictly forbidden; even saying "my book" was considered an offense. Evenings were dedicated to prayer, reading, and writing. The daily routine began at dawn with prayer, followed by work in the monastery and fields.
David was known for his orthodox Christian beliefs. He spoke out against Pelagianism, a heretical doctrine that emphasized human free will over divine grace. At the Synod of Brefi, he eloquently defended the orthodox position against Pelagian teachings.
David's spiritual philosophy emphasized the importance of "doing the little things" in God's presence with conscientiousness and devotion, maintaining joy while keeping faith and creed, and focusing on relationships and working diligently at what is within one's reach.
Saint David is renowned for numerous miraculous acts throughout his life. These miracles played a significant role in establishing his reputation as a holy man and ultimately led to his canonization.
These include miracles of protection. When faced with poisoned bread, David either blessed it and ate it unharmed or, in another version, divided it into three parts. A dog and a crow died after eating the first two parts, while David safely consumed the blessed third part.
Furthermore, David allegedly sent St. Scuthyn across the sea on the back of a sea monster to warn him of a poisoning plot.
These miraculous deeds, combined with his austere lifestyle and profound teachings, solidified Saint David's reputation as a holy man and ultimately led to his canonization as the patron saint of Wales.
POLITICS David supported Welsh independence and unity, encouraging warriors to wear leeks in battle to distinguish themselves from their Saxon foes.
SCANDAL No known scandals are associated with Saint David; his life is celebrated for its piety and moral integrity.
MILITARY RECORD While not a soldier, David’s counsel in wearing leeks for identification played a symbolic role in Welsh military success.
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS His ascetic lifestyle likely contributed to his reputed vigor and longevity.
Among the most notable miracles attributed to him are healing miracles. David is said to have restored sight to a blind man and to have cured the blindness of his teacher, St. Paulinus, both through the sign of the cross. He also cleansed deadly water at Bath, transforming it into a warm, healing pool.
David is credited with several resurrection miracles, including bringing a dead child back to life by splashing water on the child's face.
HOMES As a young man, David received his religious education at Whitland monastery in Carmarthenshire, where he was taught by St Paulinus of Wales. This period of study would have shaped his future as a religious leader and teacher.
Around 550 AD, David founded his most famous and enduring home - a monastery near his birthplace, which became the site of the present-day St Davids Cathedral. This monastery was established in what was then known as Mynyw (Menevia). The settlement that grew around it came to be called Tyddewi, meaning "David's House" in Welsh.
The monastery David founded became a center of religious life and pilgrimage. Over time, it evolved into the grand St Davids Cathedral and Bishop's Palace complex we see today.
Saint David at his monastery in Mynyw (Menevia), later known as St Davids
TRAVEL He traveled extensively across Wales and possibly to Brittany, founding monasteries and spreading Christianity.
DEATH Saint David died on March 1st, most likely in the year 589, although some sources suggest it may have been 601. His passing was marked by several notable events. The date of his death, March 1st, is now celebrated as Saint David's Day. According to tradition, the monastery was "filled with angels as Christ received his soul" at the moment of his death. David's final words to his followers were derived from a sermon he delivered on the previous Sunday: "Be joyful, keep the faith, and do the little things that you have heard and seen me do."
Following his death, David was buried within the grounds of his own monastery, now the site of St David's Cathedral in Pembrokeshire. The exact location of his original burial site within the monastery remains uncertain. However, his shrine quickly became a popular destination for pilgrims throughout the Middle Ages.
The early shrine was destroyed by fire in 645 but was consistently renewed and rebuilt. Vikings repeatedly raided the shrine, removing valuable metal adornments. In 1275, a new shrine was constructed, with the ruined base still visible today. The medieval shrine housed relics believed to be David's body, kept within a portable casket on the stone base. These relics are now lost, possibly dispersed during the Reformation when Bishop Barlow reported seizing silver-plated reliquaries containing skulls and bones.
David's burial site evolved into a significant pilgrimage destination. Pope Callixtus II decreed that two pilgrimages to St David's Cathedral were equivalent to one visit to Rome. The shrine attracted thousands of pilgrims seeking healing, help, or forgiveness. Even after the Reformation, pilgrims continued to visit the site, albeit in smaller numbers. Today, while the original relics are lost, St David's Cathedral continues to honor his memory with a restored shrine and remains an important site for both religious pilgrims and those interested in Welsh Christian heritage.
APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Saint David appears in hagiographies, Welsh folklore, and numerous artistic depictions. Hymns such as “Dewi Sant” (Saint David in Welsh) are sung in churches during his feast day. His legacy is celebrated annually on Saint David’s Day.
ACHIEVEMENTS David’s establishment of monastic communities, promotion of Christian teachings, and enduring cultural legacy have made him an icon of Welsh heritage. St Davids in Pembrokeshire, named in his honor, is the smallest city in the UK.
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