Robert Browning

NAME Robert Browning

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Robert Browning is famous for being a major English poet of the Victorian era, renowned for his mastery of dramatic monologue and his contributions to the development of the psychological and philosophical complexity in poetry. 

BIRTH May 7, 1812 Southampton Way, Camberwell, London, England

FAMILY BACKGROUND Robert's father Robert Browning, a man of fine intellect and character, was a well-off clerk for the Bank of England, earning about £150 per year. Browning's father had been sent to the West Indies to work on a sugar plantation. Revolted by the slavery there, he returned to England and became an abolitionist.

 
Robert's mother, Sarah Anna Wiedemann, was a devout non conformist Scot. The daughter of a German shipowner who had settled in Dundee, she was a talented musician, to whom Robert was very close.

Robert was bought up with his younger sister Sarianna in Camberwell. Sarianna, also gifted, became her brother's companion in his later years.

CHILDHOOD Robert was an extremely bright child and voracious reader and his father encouraged his interest in literature and the arts. By the age of twelve, Browning had written a book of poetry which he later destroyed when no publisher could be found.

His childhood hero was the poet, Shelley.

EDUCATION After being at one or two private schools, and showing an insuperable dislike to school life, Robert was educated at home by a tutor via the resources of his father's extensive library. He was a rapid learner and by the age of fourteen he was fluent in French, Greek, Italian and Latin. 

At the age of sixteen, Robert studied Greek at University College London but dropped out after his first year to pursue his own reading at his own pace. His mother’s staunch evangelical faith prevented his studying at either Oxford University or Cambridge University, both then open only to members of the Church of England. However, in later years he was awarded an honorary degree by Oxford University.

CAREER RECORD Robert refused a formal career and ignored his parents' remonstrations, dedicating himself to poetry. His earliest poem Pauline (1833) achieved little.

Browning's early career was marked by limited success, but he gained considerable acclaim with the publication of Dramatic Lyrics in 1842. His subsequent works, including Men and Women (1855) and the epic poem The Ring and the Book (1868-69), solidified his reputation as a leading poet of his time.

APPEARANCE Robert Browning was described as having a robust build with dark (later grey), curly hair, sharp features, and expressive eyes.

Portrait by Herbert Rose Barraud, c. 1888

FASHION Browning typically dressed in the respectable and conservative fashion of his era, favoring dark, well-tailored suits.

CHARACTER Browning was known for his intellectual rigor, passionate nature, and optimistic outlook. He was also perceived as being somewhat reserved and introspective.

Elizabeth Browning said of Robert in a letter "Robert's goodness and tenderness are past speaking of.... He reads to me, talks and jests to make me laugh." But then she was biased. (1)

SENSE OF HUMOUR Browning possessed a subtle and sophisticated sense of humor, often reflected in the wit and irony of his poetry.

 
RELATIONSHIPS The love story of Robert Browning and Elizabeth Barrett reads like something dreamed up by a particularly whimsical spinster. Here you have this vigorous, swarthy poet, six years Elizabeth's junior, showering her with passionate declarations. Now, Elizabeth was no blushing ingenue – she was an invalid, a good chunk older than Browning, and possessed a healthy dose of skepticism. Can you blame her? It reeked of a romantic delusion, the kind that ends with tear-stained sonnets and a lifetime of disappointment.

But Browning wouldn't be deterred (He called Elizabeth "A soul offire in a shell of pearl"). They conducted their courtship in hushed tones and stolen glances, the whole thing as clandestine as a spy mission. 

Finally, on September 12, 1846, in a move ripped straight from the playbook of his hero, Percy Bysshe Shelley (another poet with a penchant for the dramatic), they secretly married at St. Marylebone Parish Church then Browning whisked Elizabeth away to Italy.

Italy, thankfully, proved to be a good fit. Elizabeth, with a bit of sunshine and a supportive husband, actually started to feel better. Their life there was comfortable, even idyllic. They were well-respected, even famous – quite the turnaround from their cloak-and-dagger London existence. Elizabeth even defied the odds and produced a son at the ripe old age of 43 (whom they, rather adorably, nicknamed "Pen"). Sadly, the artistic lineage ended there – Pen became an artist himself, got married, but the whole "having-children" thing just wasn't in the cards.

After Elizabeth's death, in 1861 Robert had many flirtatious relationships. He was fond of writing tender, nonsensical verses to his many lady friends.

 
In 1869 he proposed marriage to Lady Ashburton only to be rejected. This proposal, an example of his propensity towards social climbing, embarrassed Browning in society and shamed him over his infidelity over his dead wife.

MONEY AND FAME Robert stayed at home until the age of 34, financially dependant on his family until his marriage. His father sponsored the publication of his son's poems.

Robert's wife was the better known poet during their life time, but he kept going in the rat race and gradually acquired a considerable and enthusiastic public fan base. Published separately in four volumes from November 1868 through to February 1869, The Ring and the Book was a huge success both commercially and critically, and finally brought Browning the renown he had sought and deserved for nearly thirty years of work. By the time of his death he was ranked as the leading poet of his time along with Tennyson.

FOOD AND DRINK Robert became a vegetarian aged 14 like his hero Shelley, which he gave up later. He then enjoyed the typical Victorian diet, which included a variety of meats, vegetables, and the occasional indulgence in desserts.

MUSIC AND ARTS Browning had a deep appreciation for music and the arts, which often influenced his poetry. His wife, Elizabeth, was also a significant influence on his artistic development.

In 1830 Robert met the actor William Macready and tried several times to write verse drama for the stage - not very successfully. His most successful play was the 1837 Strafford.
Robert inherited substantial musical ability through his mother, and composed arrangements of various songs.

LITERATURE Robert's father was a literary collector, and he amassed a library of around 6,000 books, many of them rare. As a result, he was raised in a household of significant literary resources.

 
Some of Robert's early work was very heavy going. When members of the London Poetic Society asked Browning for an interpretation of a particularly obscure passage, he read it, twice shrugged his soldiers and said "When I wrote that, God and I knew what it meant, but now God alone knows."

 
Here's a list of some of Browning's major works:

1833 Pauline Browning's career began with the publication of this anonymous poem. The piece, which disappeared without notice, would embarrass him for the rest of his life.

 
1835 Paracelsus The critics adored it but the public ignored it.

1841 Pippa Passes A beautiful collection of dramatic scenes.

 
1842 The Pied Piper of Hamelin This update of the medieval legend was one of Browning's most popular poems. It is probably the most famous verse written about rats until Michael Jackson sang about a rat called Ben.

1855 Men and Women This collection of fifty-one poems is now generally considered to contain some of the best of Browning's poetry. However, at the time it was not received well and sold poorly.

1868-69 The Ring and The Book This long blank-verse poem is considered by many to be Browning's greatest work. Based on a convoluted murder case from 1690s Rome, it tells the story of the murder in long dramatic monologues from 12 points of view.

 
1871 Balaustion's Adventure An adaptation of a play by Euripides about Ademtus and his devoted wife, Alcestis.
When challenged to find rhymes for orange, Browning came up with "From the Ganges to the Blorenge comes the Rajah once a month. Sometimes chewing on an orange. Sometimes reading from his Grunth. " (Blorenge is a small mountain in Wales. Grunth is a Sikh Holy Book.)

NATURE While not primarily known for nature poetry, Browning’s works do include vivid descriptions of natural scenes, reflecting his appreciation for the natural world.

A couple of quotes: "And the muttering grew to a mumbling. And the grumbling grew to a mighty rumbling. And out of the houses the rats came tumbling." (The Pied Piper of Hamelin)

"That's the wise thrush; he sings each song twice over,
Lest you think he ever could recapture
The first fine careless rapture." (Home Thoughts From Abroad)

The Pied Piper of Hamelin is the tale of a magical musician who was hired to eradicate the nasty rats running all over the place, but lured away the town's children with his enchanting tunes. While it's just a story, it's spooky to think that Hamelin's town records actually show a bunch of kids vanishing around the same time this legend popped up.  Creepy, right?

The Brothers Grimm put the date of the kid-napping at June 26, 1284, while the poem by Robert Browning has the Pied Piper piping his way out of town with the children on July 22, 1376.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Browning enjoyed walking and was known to take long, contemplative strolls. He was also an enthusiastic traveler, which he considered both a hobby and a source of inspiration.

In his poem about the unfortunate Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, who ran 26 miles to announce the Greek's glorious victory over the Persians before dropping dead, Browning wrote sympathetically, "Bursting his veins, he died, The bliss!"

SCIENCE AND MATHS Browning had a broad intellectual curiosity, though his interests in science and mathematics were not as pronounced as his passion for literature and the arts.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Browning’s work often delves into philosophical and theological themes, exploring complex questions of faith, morality, and the human condition.

When he was a teenager, Browning shocked his evangelical mother when he declared himself like his hero Shelley, an atheist. In later life he looked back on this as a passing phase and he became a knowledgeable Bible reader but always denied any Christian faith.
"God's in his Heaven. Alls right with the world." (Pippa Passes")

SCANDAL Browning largely avoided scandal throughout his life, maintaining a reputation for personal integrity and professionalism.

Elizabeth Barratt Browning's father didn't smell a rat about Robert's intention to his daughter until they  eloped to Italy. He disinherited Elizabeth, and she repeatedly sought a reconciliation with her dad but he returned her letters unopened.

HOMES Browning was brought up at Southampton Way, Camberwell.

After he eloped to Italy with Elizabeth, they lived in an apartment at Casa Guidi, Florence, which is now a home available to be rented.

Casa Guidi By Sailko - Own work, Wikipedia

After the death of Elizabeth in 1861 he spent the "season" in London and rest of time in the country or abroad. Between 1861 and 1887, his London address was 19 Warwick Crescent in Little Venice, Maida Vale. It is thought it was Browning who coined the name 'Little Venice.'

TRAVEL Browning travelled widely, joining a British diplomatic mission to St Petersburg, Russia in 1834, later journeying to Italy 1838 and 1844.

When the Brownings eloped from Wimpole Street, Robert was unable to work out the train and ferry timetables for their journey to Le Havre on their way to Italy. Elizabeth had to return to Wimpole Street for several days to take charge of organising the details of their elopement herself.

 
In 1878, he returned to Italy for the first time since Elizabeth's death, and returned there on several occasions

"Oh to be in England. Now that April's here." (Home Thoughts From Abroad 1845).

DEATH Browning died on 12 December 1889 at his son's apartment in the Ca' Rezzonico, Venice of bronchitis. He was brought back to London for burial in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey; his grave now lies immediately adjacent to that of Alfred Tennyson.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Robert Browning's brush with immortality extends beyond his poetry.

1. The Pioneering Phonograph Recording: In a dinner party twist of fate on April 7, 1889, at his friend Rudolf Lehmann's home, Browning became part of history. An Edison cylinder phonograph captured him reciting part of "How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix" (though with a touch of poetic license – he forgot the words!). This recording, played a year later on the anniversary of his death, sent shivers down the spines of admirers. They claimed it was the first time "anyone's voice had been heard from beyond the grave."

2. Hollywood Romance: The passionate love story of Robert and Elizabeth Browning wasn't lost on Hollywood. The 1936 classic film The Barretts of Wimpole Street (based on a 1930 play) brought their whirlwind romance to life. Norma Shearer and Fredric March earned accolades for their portrayals of Elizabeth and Robert, respectively. The story was revisited in 1957 with Jennifer Jones and Bill Travers taking the reins.

3. Beatles and the Brownings:  John Lennon and Yoko Ono, it turns out, were secret Browning fans! They playfully claimed to be the reincarnated spirits of "Bob and Liz," even drawing inspiration from their poetry for their Milk and Honey album. Tracks like "Let Me Count The Ways" and "Grow Old with Me" echo the Brownings' romantic verses.

4. A Poetic Tribute:  Clifford T Ward's 1973 song "Home Thoughts From Abroad" is a tribute to Robert Browning. 

"You know, Home Thoughts From Abroad is such a beautiful poem."

And I know how Robert Browning must have felt. 'Cause I'm feeling the same way about you."

ACHIEVEMENTS (1) Browning's innovative works incorporated psychological analysis and obscure historical characters and perfected the dramatic monologue. They have influenced many 20th century poet's such as Ezra Pound.

(2) His literary status was recognised by the award of an honorary fellowship at Balliol College, Oxford in 1867

Source 1.800 years of Women's Letters Olga Kenyon

Elizabeth Barrett Browning

NAME Elizabeth (Moulton) Barrett Browning. Elizabeth and her siblings all had nicknames - Elizabeth's was "Ba".

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Elizabeth Barrett Browning was one of the most prominent English poets of the Victorian era. She is most famous for her love poetry.

BIRTH  Elizabeth Barrett Browning was born on March 6, 1806, in Coxhoe Hall (demolished in 1980s.),Durham, England. 

FAMILY BACKGROUND Elizabeth's parents were Edward Barrett Moulton Barrett and Mary Graham Clarke, who married at St Nicholas Church, Gosforth (Tyne and Wear). His family, some of whom were part Creole, had lived for centuries in Jamaica, where they owned sugar plantations and relied on slave labour. Her mum came from a wealthy Newcastle family, also derived in part from slave labour. Liz lost her mother when she was 22.

 
Elizabeth was the eldest of their 12 children (eight boys and four girls). All the children lived to adulthood except for one girl, who died at the age of four when Elizabeth was eight. In 1840 her oldest and favorite brother Edward was tragically drowned.

CHILDHOOD Elizabeth was baptized at the age of 3 at Kelloe Parish Church, though she had already been baptized by a family friend in the first week after she was born. Later that year, their father bought Hope End, a 500-acre estate near the Malvern Hills in Ledbury, Herefordshire. Elizabeth had "a large room to herself, with stained glass in the window, and she loved the garden where she tended white roses in a special arbour by the south wall". 

Portrait of Elizabeth Barrett in her youth

 Liz lived a privileged childhood riding her pony round the grounds visiting other families in the neighbourhood and arranging family theatrical productions with her 11 brothers and sisters. She was a lively child until she suffered a spinal injury at the age of 15.

 
Liz's first known poem was written at the age of six or eight, On the Cruelty of Forcement to Man. As a present for her fourteenth birthday her father underwrote the publication of her epic Homeric poem entitled The Battle of Marathon .

EDUCATION Liz was educated at home and attended lessons with her brother's tutor. This gave her a good education for a girl of that time. She was an intensely studious, precocious child and had read passages from Paradise Lost and Shakespearean plays, and the histories of England, Greece and Rome before the age of ten.

 
In her teen years Elizabeth went through the principal Greek and Latin authors in their original languages and learnt enough Hebrew to read the Old Testament from the beginning to the end.

CAREER RECORD 1820 Elizabeth's first published work, The Battle of Marathon.
1825 The Rose and Zephyr is published in the Literary Gazette.

1826 She published her first collection, An Essay on Mind and Other Poems
1838 The Seraphim and other Poems is the first volume of Browning's mature poetry to appear in her name.

1844 The volume Poems made her one of the more popular writers in the country 

APPEARANCE Elizabeth was pretty and personable. Mary Russell Mitford wrote of her about the time she'd turned 20, "A slight, delicate figure, with a shower of dark curls falling on each side of a most expressive face; large, tender eyes, richly fringed by dark eyelashes, and a smile like a sunbeam." 

Her Creole ancestry gave Liz a slightly exotic look. Anne Thackeray Ritchie described her as, "Very small and brown" with big, exotic eyes and an overgenerous mouth.

Elizabeth Barrett Browning

FASHION Elizabeth preferred modest and traditional Victorian clothing. After her marriage, she was often seen in simple, elegant dresses, reflecting her literary and intellectual lifestyle rather than high fashion.

Browning forced her 12 year old son to wear frilly knickerbockers and shoulder length ringlets.

CHARACTER Elizabeth was known for her intelligence, sensitivity, and strong will. Despite her physical frailty, she exhibited great emotional and intellectual strength.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Elizabeth's sense of humour was subtle and often reflected in her witty correspondence with friends and family.

RELATIONSHIPS By 1844 Elizabeth had been an invalid for many years, following her spinal injury. She spent most of her time in her upstairs room, spending much of her time writing. Her 1844 Poems made her one of the most popular writers in the land at the time and inspired well known poet Robert Browning to write to her, telling her how much he loved her poems. A family friend Kenyon arranged for Robert Browning to meet Elizabeth in May 1845, and so began one of the most famous courtships in literature.

The courtship and marriage between Robert Browning and Elizabeth were carried out secretly. Six years his elder and an invalid, she could not believe that the vigorous and worldly Robert Browning really loved her as much as he professed to. After a private marriage at St. Marylebone Parish Church  on September 12, 1846, Browning imitated his hero Shelley by spiriting his beloved off to Italy, which became her home until her death. Elizabeth's loyal nurse, Wilson, who witnessed the marriage, accompanied the couple to Italy.

 
Her father disinherited Elizabeth, as he did each of his children who married. She repeatedly sought a reconciliation with her father but he returned her letters unopened.

As Elizabeth had some money of her own, the couple were reasonably comfortable in Italy, and their relationship together was harmonious. The Brownings were well respected in Italy, and even famous. Elizabeth grew stronger and in 1849, at the age of 43, she gave birth to a son, Robert Wiedemann Barrett Browning, whom they called Pen. Their son became an artist, got married but had no legitimate children, so there are apparently no direct descendants of the two famous poets.

Elizabeth Barrett Browning with her son Pen, 1860

.

"I love thee with a love, I seemed to lose with my lost Saints
I love thee with the breath, smiles, tears of all my life!
And if God chose I shall but love thee better after death." 

From Sonnets from the Portuguese ("Portuguese" was a pet name her husband used).

MONEY AND FAME Elizabeth's extraordinary poems brought admirers (including Browning) to the room where she languished in her bed after her spinal injury. In her day she was more highly regarded poetry wise than Robert and was the most highly regarded female poet of her day. However her 1860 Political Poems Before Congress injured her popularity as many disapproved of the Browning version of Italian political matters.

FOOD AND DRINK Elizabeth had a delicate constitution and was often prescribed a strict diet by her doctors. She favored simple, light foods.

MUSIC AND ARTS Elizabeth enjoyed music and was particularly fond of playing the piano. She also had an appreciation for visual arts and often referenced paintings and sculptures in her poetry.

LITERATURE Elizabeth Barrett Browning was deeply influenced by classical literature, the Romantic poets, and contemporary writers. Her own literary output contributed significantly to English literature, particularly her exploration of social issues and women's rights.

 Liz's first known poem was written at the age of six or eight, On the Cruelty of Forcement to Man. As a present for her fourteenth birthday her father underwrote the anonymous publication of her epic Homeric poem entitled The Battle of Marathon .

1838 The Seraphim and other Poems is favourably reviewed.

1844 Poems An important collection in Victorian literature. So highly regarded that when Wordsworth died she was tipped by many to be the next Poet Laureate.

1850 Sonnets from the Portuguese. (From Robert Browning's pet name for her "The Portuguese".) Elizabeth's most famous work was inspired by her love for her husband. At the time she was still in a hot flush over the mere mention of his name. The first line of Sonnet 43 has become one of the most famous in English poetry: "How do I love thee? Let me count the ways."

 
1857 Aurora Leigh, her verse novel about the subjection of women to the dominating male.

 
1861 The North and the South. The last poem she wrote before her death. An admirer of Hans Christian Anderson, her last poem was written for him shortly before her death.

In 1913 500 letters written by Elizabeth and Robert were sold for £32750 at an auction.

NATURE Elizabeth had a deep appreciation for nature, often reflected in her poetry. Her work frequently includes vivid descriptions of the natural world.

PETS Flush, a red cocker spaniel was the only companion allowed to the invalid Elizabeth by her tyrannical father. The first time Robert visited Elizabeth at Wimpole Street, Flush bit him. She took Flush with her to Italy with Robert and the mutt was immortalised by her the poem To Flush my Dog. Virginia Woolf later wrote his life story.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Elizabeth's frail health limited her physical activities, but she enjoyed reading, writing, and playing the piano. She also took pleasure in gardening.

SCIENCE AND MATHS Elizabeth had an interest in scientific and philosophical ideas, which she sometimes incorporated into her writing, though she was not formally educated in these fields.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Elizabeth was bought up by a family that attended services at the nearest dissenting chapel and her father was active for years in Bible missionary societies.

Liz herself went through an evangelical “phase” and it is not clear how much she retained her faith as she developed an interest in spiritualism. 

Elizabeth wrote a number of pieces about social injustice including the slave trade in America, the labor of children in the mines and mills of England and the restrictions placed upon women. Paine, Voltaire and Rousseau influenced her concern for human rights.

She was fascinated by Italian politics and she supported (theoretically) Italian unity.

SCANDAL The most significant scandal in Elizabeth's life was her elopement with Robert Browning, which led to a permanent estrangement from her father.

During her time as an invalid, Elizabeth became addicted to opium due to the pain of her spinal condition. She knocked back laudanum, a cocktail of opium and alcohol to help her to sleep. Robert Browning used Chianti to wean and cure his Elizabeth of her addiction to laudanum.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS I've touched on Elizabeth's invalid condition previously in this trivial biography, but here's her full medical bulletin.

At the age of 15 Liz fell from a pony and injured her spine. She was slow to recover so a Dr Coker prescribed opium for a nervous disorder and she carried on taking it for the next 25 years. However it only made her worse and for much of the time she was bedridden, especially after 1838 when a burst blood vessel made her seriously ill.

 
Elizabeth's health forced her to move to Torquay on Devonshire coast, where her brother Edward accompanied her. His death by drowning was a massive blow and she returned to Wimpole Street and became a permanent recluse seeing only a few people.

 
In 1846, in preparation for her elopement with Robert, Elizabeth began to free herself of the habits acquired as an invalid practising standing without help and then walking where she had previously been carried.

 
She finally got better in Italy away from her oppressive father.

HOMES Elizabeth was brought up at the 240 acre Hope End, Herefordshire, near the Malvern Hills, which inspired some of her early poetry.

 
1832-37 The family moved three times due to Mr Barrett's financial losses, first Sidmouth, then 99 Gloucester Place, London, then 50 Wimpole Street, London.

1838-41 Due to her illness, Elizabeth moved back to Torquay (1 Beacon Terrace), and the sea air.

1846 Browning eloped to Italy, at Casa Guidi, Florence, now a home available to be rented. She lived in Florence until her death.

TRAVEL Elizabeth traveled extensively in Europe, particularly after her marriage. She spent significant time in Italy, which she loved and where she wrote some of her most famous works.

DEATH At the death of an old friend, G.B. Hunter, and then of her father, Elizabeth's health faded again, centering around deteriorating lung function. When news of the death of Elizabeth’s sister Henrietta reached her, in 1860, she became weak and depressed. Her faithful husband never left her bedside and she spent the last day of her life asleep in his arms. Elizabeth died on June 29, 1861 at Casa Guidi, and was buried in Florence's Protestant Cemetery.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Elizabeth Barrett Browning has been portrayed in various films, television series, and literary works. Her romance with Robert Browning has been the subject of much fascination and dramatization. They include:

1. The classic Hollywood movie 1936 The Barretts of Wimpole Street was based on a 1930 play by Rudolf Besier of the same title. Norma Shearer who played Elizabeth was Oscar-nominated, while Charles Laughton portrayed the formidable Mr Browning. In 1957 it was Jennifer Jones and John Gielgud's turn to portray the same twosome.

2. John Lennon & Yoko Ono were inspired by the poetry of Robert and Elizabeth Browning. They often joked they were the reincarnated spirits of "Bob and Liz". Two tracks, "Let Me Count The Ways" and "Grow Old with Me" on the Milk and Honey album were inspired by the poetry of Bob and Liz.

ACHIEVEMENTS Elizabeth Barrett Browning is celebrated as one of the greatest poets of the Victorian era. Her works, particularly "Sonnets from the Portuguese" and "Aurora Leigh," have had a lasting impact on English literature. She was also a pioneering figure in advocating for women's rights and social justice through her poetry.

A plaque in Kelloe church, where she was christened describes Elizabeth as "a great poetess, a noble woman, a devoted wife."

Source Rosalie Mader Mrs Browning: The Story of Elizabeth Barrett

James Brown

NAME James Joseph Brown

WHAT FAMOUS FOR His dynamic stage presence and signature vocal style revolutionized the music industry and inspired countless artists.

BIRTH James Brown was born on May 3, 1933, in Barnwell, South Carolina, USA.

FAMILY BACKGROUND  James Brown was born to Joseph Gardner Brown and Susie Behling Brown. His family was impoverished, and he faced significant hardships during his early years.

CHILDHOOD Brown's childhood was marked by extreme poverty. His parents separated when he was young, and he was sent to live with his aunt in Augusta, Georgia. He worked various odd jobs to support himself and had a troubled youth, which included a stint in juvenile detention.

EDUCATION Brown's formal education was limited due to his difficult circumstances. He dropped out of school at a young age to help support his family.

CAREER RECORD  James Brown's career began in the 1950s with the Famous Flames. He gained fame with hits like "Please, Please, Please" and "Try Me." His career spanned over five decades, with iconic songs such as "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag," "I Got You (I Feel Good)," and "Get Up (I Feel Like Being a) Sex Machine." Brown's innovative approach to music laid the foundation for funk and influenced numerous genres.

APPEARANCE James Brown was known for his flamboyant stage outfits, often adorned with sequins and vibrant colors. He had a distinctive hairstyle and a commanding stage presence.

James Brown performing live in Hamburg, 1973. By Heinrich Klaffs

FASHION Brown's fashion was a blend of showmanship and flair. He frequently wore tailored suits, capes, and elaborate costumes, reflecting his larger-than-life persona.

Brown requested a 1950s salon hairdryer for his dressing room when he played the Scottish T In The Park festival in 2005.

CHARACTER James Brown was a complex individual, known for his intense work ethic ("The Hardest-Working Man in Show Business"), strong sense of self-belief.  charisma, and determination. He was a perfectionist, demanding excellence from himself and his band members.

SENSE OF HUMOUR  Witty and playful, Brown often incorporated humor into his stage performances.

RELATIONSHIPS James Brown had several marriages and relationships throughout his life. He was married four times and had numerous children.

MONEY AND FAME Brown achieved significant financial success and global fame, but his career was also marked by financial difficulties and legal battles over his estate.

FOOD AND DRINK James Brown enjoyed Southern cuisine, reflecting his roots. He was known to have a preference for hearty, home-cooked meals.

MUSIC AND ARTS Brown's contributions to music are unparalleled. He was not only a singer but also a prolific songwriter, producer, and bandleader. His influence extended to various art forms, including dance and performance art.

James Brown's first band, The Flames, was a bit like a musical incubator. He started out, rather unimpressively, as the drummer. But Brown, a man with a voice like gravel dipped in honey, couldn't be contained for long. He started belting out lead vocals alongside the other guys, and with his electrifying stage presence, quickly became the undisputed frontman. Now, these weren't just any bandmates – they were seasoned musicians who'd even done a stint with the legendary Little Richard! No wonder Brown picked up a thing or two (though probably not how to decipher those squiggly lines on a music sheet – Brown famously never learned to read sheet music).

"Papa's Got a Brand New Bag," released on July 17, 1965, marked a turning point for Brown. It was his first foray into the Hot 100 Top 10, a well-deserved recognition for the man they were already calling the Godfather of Soul. 

Brown wasn't just a musician; he was a cultural touchstone. The night after the tragic assassination of Martin Luther King Jr., the nation was on the brink. Brown, in a powerful act of leadership, agreed to televise his Boston performance. There, amidst the raw emotions, he used his platform to urge for calm, his voice a beacon of reason in a storm of grief and anger.

LITERATURE His autobiography, James Brown: The Godfather of Soul, co-written with Bruce Tucker, provides insight into his life and career.

NATURE Brown appreciated the outdoors and the natural beauty of his home state, Georgia. He often found solace in nature during his downtime.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Brown was an avid sports fan, particularly enjoying boxing. As a young man he wanted to play professional baseball or be a professional boxer. Brown performed in Zaire before the “Rumble in the Jungle” fight between Muhammad Ali and George Foreman.

He also had a passion for cars and often indulged in his love for driving.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Brown's philosophy was rooted in perseverance, hard work, and self-improvement. He had a strong belief in the power of music to bring people together and inspire change.

Raised Baptist, Brown began his career as a gospel singer. Later, as a vocalist, Brown performed in a forceful shout style derived from gospel music.

SCANDAL Brown's life was not without controversy. In 1949, a youthful indiscretion involving a borrowed car (and a judge with little tolerance for borrowing sprees) landed him in prison. Three years later, he was paroled, ready to reclaim his musical throne. Then, in a bizarre incident straight out of a surreal comedy, a PCP-fueled Brown burst into an insurance seminar next door to his office in 1988. This led to a rather embarrassing high-speed chase across state lines, and eventually a six-year sentence (though he only served a fraction of that). Let's just say, it wasn't Brown's finest moment.

He faced numerous other legal issues, including arrests for drug possession, domestic violence, and other charges which tarnished his public image at times.

MILITARY RECORD Brown was labeled an "Uncle Tom" for releasing the patriotic funk song, "America Is My Home", in which he lambasted protesters of the Vietnam War.

On December 25th, 1990, James Brown brought holiday cheer to soldiers stationed at Fort Jackson in Columbia, South Carolina. These soldiers faced deployment to the looming Gulf War and were unable to spend Christmas with their families. Brown, incarcerated at a work center at the time, was granted a special four-day furlough to perform a free concert for the troops. It was his first public performance in two years, and he delivered a high-energy setlist, playing two sets of three songs each.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Brown faced various health challenges, including diabetes and prostate cancer. Despite these issues, he maintained an active lifestyle and continued to perform until his later years.

HOMES James Brown owned several properties, including a mansion in Beech Island, South Carolina, which became a symbol of his success.

TRAVEL Brown's career took him around the world, performing in numerous countries and experiencing diverse cultures. His international tours helped cement his status as a global icon.

DEATH James Brown passed away on December 25, 2006, at the age of 73, due to congestive heart failure resulting from complications of pneumonia. According to his friend, James Brown's last words were "I'm going away tonight."

James Brown was mourned by fans and fellow celebrities following his death. Public memorial services were held in his honor on December 28th, 2006, at the Apollo Theater in New York City, and on December 30th, 2006, at the James Brown Arena in Augusta, Georgia. These events allowed thousands to pay their respects to the "Godfather of Soul."  A private ceremony for Brown's family was held on December 29th, 2006, in North Augusta, South Carolina.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA  Brown appeared in various films, television shows, and documentaries, including The Blues Brothers and Rocky IV. His life and career have been the subject of numerous documentaries and biopics.

ACHIEVEMENTS James Brown received numerous awards and honors throughout his career, including inductions into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and the Songwriters Hall of Fame. He was also awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award and was recognized for his contributions to music and culture worldwide.

Gordon Brown

NAME James Gordon Brown. Note his first name is actually James and Brown was one of several UK prime ministers that chose to be known by their middle names, along with Ramsay MacDonald, Neville Chamberlain, Anthony Eden and Harold Macmillan.

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Gordon Brown is famous for serving as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2007 to 2010 and as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1997 to 2007 under Tony Blair's leadership.

BIRTH Gordon Brown was born on February 20, 1951, in Giffnock, Renfrewshire, Scotland.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Brown was born into a middle-class family. His father, John Ebenezer Brown, was a Church of Scotland minister, and his mother, Jessie Elizabeth Souter, was the daughter of a timber merchant.

CHILDHOOD Brown grew up in Kirkcaldy, Fife, in a close-knit family environment. His father's occupation as a minister had a significant influence on his upbringing.

EDUCATION Brown attended Kirkcaldy High School, where he excelled academically. He later studied at the University of Edinburgh, earning a first-class honours degree in history. He completed his doctorate with a thesis on the Labour Party and Scottish politics.

CAREER RECORD After university, Brown worked briefly as a lecturer and a television journalist before moving into politics. Here's his resume:

Elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Dunfermline East in 1983.

Appointed to Neil Kinnock’s shadow cabinet in 1989.

Became Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1992.

Following Labour’s victory in the 1997 general election, he served as Chancellor, overseeing major reforms in Britain’s monetary and fiscal policies.

Presided over the longest period of economic growth in British history. 

He served as Chancellor of the Exchequer from 1997 to 2007 and then as Prime Minister from 2007 to 2010.

APPEARANCE Gordon Brown is known for his distinctive heavy eyebrows, deep-set eyes, and a serious demeanor. He has maintained a relatively consistent appearance throughout his public life.

Official portrait, c. 2008

FASHION Brown typically wears conservative business attire, favouring dark suits, white shirts, and understated ties, reflecting his serious and professional image.

CHARACTER Brown is characterized by his intellectual rigor, dedication to public service, and a reputation for being hardworking and resilient. He has been described as reserved and sometimes stern.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Brown's sense of humour is often described as dry and understated, aligning with his serious public persona.

RELATIONSHIPS On August 3, 2000, at the age of 49, Gordon Brown married Sarah Macaulay, a public relations executive, in a private ceremony at his home in North Queensferry, Fife.

Their first child, Jennifer tragically, died ten days after her premature birth in 2001. They later had two more children, with the youngest, Fraser, being diagnosed with cystic fibrosis.

Brown's relationships in politics have been marked by his long-standing partnership and occasional rivalry with Tony Blair.

MONEY AND FAME As a high-ranking politician, Brown has achieved significant fame. His financial situation has been comfortable, though he is known for his focus on public service over personal wealth.

Throughout his tenure, it’s worth noting that Tony Blair, his predecessor as prime minister, drew a salary of £163,000 per year, while Brown modestly trimmed his own salary to £150,000—a testament, perhaps, to his less flamboyant but highly principled approach to leadership.

FOOD AND DRINK Brown is known to enjoy simple, traditional British cuisine. He is not particularly known for extravagant tastes in food.

Gordon Brown had a three-KitKat-a-day habit during his time in office. This habit became a point of concern, leading to efforts to change his snacking behavior. Brown's wife, Sarah, reportedly told him to reduce his chocolate intake to get in shape before the general election. In an attempt to wean himself off Kit Kats, Brown apparently turned to eating bananas as a substitute, with reports suggesting he consumed up to nine bananas a day.

Alcohol-wise, Brown only drinks champagne. He never wants a gin and tonic or glass of white wine or red wine.  His former economic adviser, Ed Balls told The Walking The Dog podcast. "Champagne was his drink. You go into his flat in London, very near Westminster, and it was hard to get in the door because when you went in the door there was kind of one whole wall of boxes four high by six across of some cheap champagne he'd bought in a job lot, and there it sat. So he was much more of a champagne socialist than Tony Blair as it were."

MUSIC AND ARTS Brown has an appreciation for classical music and the arts, often attending cultural events and supporting arts education.

LITERATURE An avid reader and writer, Brown has authored several books on politics and economics. He is particularly interested in history and political theory.

NATURE Brown enjoys the Scottish countryside and has a particular fondness for the natural beauty of his homeland.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Brown is a fan of football and supports Raith Rovers, a team based in his hometown of Kirkcaldy. He also enjoys reading and writing in his leisure time.

SCIENCE AND MATHS Brown has a strong interest in economics, which intersects with his appreciation for data and statistical analysis.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Brown's upbringing in a religious household influenced his moral and ethical outlook. He often emphasizes social justice, community service, and ethical governance.

SCANDAL Brown's tenure as Prime Minister saw challenges, but he largely avoided personal scandal. His government faced criticism over the handling of the 2008 financial crisis and political infighting within the Labour Party.

MILITARY RECORD Brown was involved in key decisions related to military interventions as part of his government roles.

POLITICS Gordon Brown's political career began in 1983 when he was elected as the Labour MP for Dunfermline East, a post which one imagines may not have initially seemed the launching pad for a decade of significant influence over the United Kingdom's economic policies. But rise he did, like a particularly determined loaf in a too-small oven, becoming Shadow Chancellor in 1992. By 1997, Brown had secured the role of Chancellor of the Exchequer under Tony Blair, a position he would hold until 2007, during which he introduced policies like tax credits and established the independence of the Bank of England. These were years when he aimed for economic stability and social justice, managing a balance that sometimes felt as precarious as a one-legged man on a tightrope.

In 2007, Brown stepped up to become Prime Minister, succeeding Tony Blair. His premiership, lasting until 2010, was dominated by the herculean task of navigating the 2008 global financial crisis. Bank bailouts and stimulus packages became his tools of the trade as he tried to keep the economic ship from capsizing. Brown resigned on May 11, 2010, following a general election that did not favor Labour, and the impossibility of forming a coalition with the Liberal Democrats.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS . In 1967, while playing rugby for Kirkcaldy High School, he lost sight in his left eye after being kicked in the head during a scrum. This was a nasty bit of business that led to several operations and weeks spent in a darkened room. Sadly, the treatments failed, leaving him permanently blind in that eye. A few months later, while playing tennis, he experienced similar symptoms in his right eye. Dr Hector Chawia saved his sight with surgery at Edinburgh Royal Infirmary.

Brown is not able to read newsprint easily and has to rely on others to keep him informed about what's in the newspapers. Despite this challenge, he has maintained good health and physical fitness throughout his life. Brown is known for his resilience and dedication to his work, often working long hours and maintaining a rigorous schedule.

HOMES Gordon Brown and his family have homes in North Queensferry, Fife, and in London. The North Queensferry home is located in his native Scotland, where he often returns for personal time and to connect with his roots.

TRAVEL Throughout his political career, Brown traveled extensively for official duties, representing the UK at international summits and meetings around the world. As Prime Minister and Chancellor, his travels included engagements with global leaders on economic and political issues. In his personal life, he has traveled for leisure, often visiting historical sites and cultural landmarks.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Brown has been featured in numerous documentaries, interviews, and news programs. He has appeared on political talk shows and written articles for major publications. Additionally, Brown has authored several books on politics and economics, sharing his insights and experiences.

The Deal, a 2003 television film, chronicled Tony Blair's ascent to power and his complex friendship and rivalry with Gordon Brown, portrayed by David Morrissey. In The Trial of Tony Blair (2007), Peter Mullan took on the role of Brown, and in the 2015 Channel 4 television film Coalition, Ian Grieve portrayed him.

ACHIEVEMENTS Brown's major achievements include his role in the economic management of the UK during his tenure as Chancellor, his efforts in global financial reform during the 2008 crisis, and his initiatives on social justice, health, and education reform.

Capability Brown

NAME Lancelot "Capability" Brown. He earned his nickname from his saying, when called in to consult on the new laying out of a gentleman’s grounds, “I see great capability of improvement here.”

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Capability Brown was an English landscape architect and gardener, renowned for his sweeping and natural-looking gardens that transformed the British landscape in the 18th century.

BIRTH Lancelot Brown was born c. 1715–16 in Kirkharle, Northumberland, England and baptised  on August 30, 1716, 

FAMILY BACKGROUND Brown was born to a yeoman farmer, William Brown, and his wife Ursula Brown (née Hall), previously a maid at Kirkharle Hall. The family was modest, living a rural agricultural life in Northumberland.

He had five siblings, including an elder brother who became an estate surveyor and another who became a mason-architect.

CHILDHOOD Brown grew up in the rural countryside, where he developed an early appreciation for the natural landscape. He worked on the family farm, which gave him practical experience in land management and agriculture.

EDUCATION Brown was educated at a school in the Northumberland village of Cambo until he was 16. His schooling likely focused on basic skills like reading, writing, and arithmetic.

His real education in landscape design began through practical work and apprenticeships, particularly with Sir William Loraine at Kirkharle Hall.

CAREER RECORD Brown's career began as a gardener at Stowe in Buckinghamshire, where he worked under William Kent. He later became head gardener at Stowe and gained a reputation for his innovative designs. His career flourished as he took on commissions from many of England’s most prominent landowners, transforming over 170 estates, including Blenheim Palace, Chatsworth House, and Kew Gardens.

APPEARANCE Brown was described as a sturdy, vigorous man, often seen surveying landscapes with a keen eye. He had a practical, no-nonsense demeanor that matched his physical robustness.

Lancelot ('Capability') Brown by Nathaniel Dance, 

FASHION Brown dressed in the typical attire of an 18th-century gentleman, often wearing practical, hard-wearing clothes suitable for working outdoors.

CHARACTER Brown was known for his straightforward, practical approach to his work. He had a reputation for being reliable and industrious and was known for his confidence and persuasiveness (often described as "seeing the capability" of an estate).

SENSE OF HUMOUR His nickname "Capability" suggests a man with a positive outlook and a sense of confidence in his abilities.

RELATIONSHIPS Brown married Bridget "Biddy" Wayet on November 22, 1744 in Stowe parish church, The daughter of an alderman and landowner her family had surveyors and engineers among its members. The couple had eight children (three died young) and maintained a strong, supportive partnership throughout their lives.

Brown’s son, Lancelot Brown, became an architect and worked on various projects, continuing the family tradition of contributing to the built environment.

MONEY AND FAME Brown achieved considerable wealth and fame during his lifetime. His services were highly sought after by the English aristocracy, and he was well compensated for his work. this financial success allowed him to purchase a large estate in Fenstanton, Cambridgeshire.

Brown's reputation y took a nosedive after his death. The nineteenth century wasn’t kind to his legacy, with critics dismissing his work as a pale imitation of wild nature. But the twentieth century saw a revival of interest, thanks in part to Marie-Luise Gothein’s laudatory History of Garden Art, which helped re-establish Brown as the visionary he truly was.

FOOD AND DRINK Specific details about Brown’s preferences in food and drink are not well-documented, but as a man of his era, he likely enjoyed traditional English fare.

MUSIC AND ARTS His work is considered a form of art, blending natural beauty with human design.

LITERATURE Brown's methods and designs have been discussed extensively in books and articles on landscape architecture.

NATURE Brown had an intrinsic appreciation for nature, which is evident in his designs that emphasized naturalistic landscapes and harmonious integration with the environment.

Lancelot "Capability" Brown, the maestro of English landscape gardening, was the man who transformed the gardens of England's grand estates into lush, naturalistic masterpieces. Imagine a countryside so harmoniously designed that you’d swear Mother Nature herself had a hand in it, with sweeping lawns, serpentine lakes, and strategically placed clusters of trees. That was Brown’s genius.

At the tender age of 16, Brown took his first bold step towards his illustrious future by apprenticing as a gardener at Kirkharle Hall, where his father worked. This hands-on apprenticeship was not just a job but a veritable crash course in all things green and growing, equipping young Brown with a solid foundation in the practical aspects of gardening.

In 1739, armed with his burgeoning skills, Brown headed south and landed a gig as under-gardener at Stowe, the palatial estate of Lord Cobham. This was no ordinary job, mind you. Stowe was a living, breathing canvas, and Brown quickly made a name for himself, rising to the position of Head Gardener by 1741.

Stowe was where Brown’s talents truly flourished. Here, he didn't just trim hedges and plant flowers. No, he reimagined the landscape itself, removing some features, adding others, and generally shaping the grounds to fit his vision. One of his standout creations from this period was the Grecian Valley, a testament to his innovative spirit and design prowess.

Brown’s hallmark style began to emerge: natural-looking landscapes that seamlessly blended the garden with the surrounding countryside. His goal was to create vistas that were as idyllic as they were effortless, making the grounds look like a perfect, yet entirely natural extension of the estate.

Word of Brown’s talents spread like wildfire, and soon he was the go-to designer for England’s elite. His portfolio of work grew to include the likes of Blenheim Palace, Chatsworth House, and Burghley House, among many others. But Brown wasn’t just about sketching pretty pictures; he offered a full-service experience, overseeing every detail from construction to planting.

In his lifetime, Brown designed over 170 parks, many of which have stood the test of time and still enchant visitors today. 

Below Badminton House in Gloucestershire: features of the Brownian landscape at full maturity in the 19th century.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Brown’s work was his primary focus, and he dedicated most of his time to surveying and designing landscapes.

SCIENCE AND MATHS Brown's work required a strong understanding of horticulture, hydraulics, and engineering, demonstrating his practical application of scientific principles.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Brown’s work reflected a philosophical belief in the beauty of natural landscapes and the importance of human stewardship in enhancing and maintaining that beauty.

SCANDAL Brown led a relatively scandal-free life, maintaining a reputation for integrity and professionalism throughout his career.

While highly regarded today, Brown faced criticism from some of his contemporaries, including the famous writer Horace Walpole, who felt that Brown’s designs were too formulaic and lacked variety.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Given the physically demanding nature of his work, Brown maintained good health and physical fitness throughout his life. He continued to work and travel until his sudden collapse and death in his late 60s.

HOMES Lived in various locations throughout his career, likely owning or renting houses near the estates he was working on. In 1768 Brown purchased the manor of Fenstanton in Huntingdonshire in East Anglia for £13,000 where he and his family lived for the rest of his life.

TRAVEL Brown traveled extensively across England to various estates and projects. His work took him to many of the country’s most significant properties.

DEATH Lancelot "Capability" Brown suddenly collapsed and died on February 6, 1783. He passed away in Hertford Street, London, on the doorstep of his daughter Bridget, who had married the architect Henry Holland.

He was buried in the churchyard of St. Peter and St. Paul in Fenstanton.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Brown has been featured in numerous documentaries, books, and articles about landscape architecture and garden design, celebrating his contributions to the English landscape.

ACHIEVEMENTS Brown’s achievements include transforming the landscape design of many of England’s most famous estates, pioneering the English landscape garden style, and leaving a lasting legacy in the field of landscape architecture. His work continues to influence garden design worldwide.

Many of Brown's landscapes have survived into the modern era and are preserved as historical sites. Some of his most famous works include Blenheim Palace, Chatsworth House, and Stowe Gardens.

Brown's naturalistic style influenced the design of public parks and gardens in the 19th century, including New York's Central Park, designed by Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux.

In 2016, the Royal Mail issued a set of stamps commemorating the 300th anniversary of Capability Brown's birth, featuring some of his most famous landscapes.

Phillips Brooks

NAME Phillips Brooks

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Phillips Brooks is best known as an influential American Episcopal clergyman, author, and lyricist of the Christmas hymn "O Little Town of Bethlehem."

BIRTH Phillips Brooks was born on December 13, 1835, in Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Brooks came from a prominent and devoutly religious family. His father, William Gray Brooks, was a successful merchant, and his mother, Mary Ann Phillips Brooks, was a member of a distinguished New England family with deep Puritan roots.

Brooks maintained close relationships with his siblings, several of whom also became Episcopalian priests

CHILDHOOD Brooks grew up in a privileged environment that valued education and religion. His family’s strong faith and commitment to the Episcopal Church profoundly influenced his early life.

EDUCATION Phillips Brooks attended the Boston Latin School and later Harvard University, where he graduated in 1855. He then attended the Virginia Theological Seminary, completing his studies in 1859.

CAREER RECORD After graduating from Virginia Theological Seminary, Brooks was ordained deacon in the Episcopal Church by Bishop William Meade of Virginia. Here's his resume:

Served as Rector of the Church of the Advent in Philadelphia (1859-1862)

Became Rector of the prominent Church of the Holy Trinity in Philadelphia (1862-1869)

Gained national recognition for his powerful and eloquent sermons

Served as Rector of Trinity Church in Boston (1869-1891) - his most influential position

Elected Bishop of Massachusetts in 1891, but served a short term due to his untimely death

APPEARANCE Phillips Brooks was known for his imposing stature, standing over six feet tall, with a robust build and a commanding presence. He possessed a warm and expressive face. 

Phillips Brooks

FASHION He dressed in the traditional clerical garb of the Episcopal Church, often seen in a black cassock and a white clerical collar, reflecting his conservative and professional style.

CHARACTER Brooks was known for his warm, compassionate nature and his ability to connect with people from all walks of life. His sermons were characterized by their eloquence, clarity, and deep spirituality. He was described as having a joyful and optimistic spirit

SENSE OF HUMOUR Brooks had a keen sense of humor, often using wit and a knack for storytelling to engage his congregation and illustrate his sermons.

RELATIONSHIPS  He maintained close relationships with his family and was deeply admired by his parishioners. Despite his popularity and many friendships, Brooks remained a lifelong bachelor.

MONEY AND FAME Though not wealthy by modern standards, Brooks lived comfortably due to his family's support and his church positions. His fame came from his influential sermons and writings, rather than personal wealth.

FOOD AND DRINK Details about Brooks's specific preferences in food and drink are not well-documented, but it can be inferred that he enjoyed the traditional New England fare of his time.

MUSIC AND ARTS Brooks had a profound appreciation for music, evidenced by his contribution to hymnody. His interest in the arts extended to literature and architecture, particularly seen in his involvement in the design of Trinity Church, Boston.

During a starry Christmas Eve in 1865. Young Phillips was perched on a Bethlehem hilltop not unlike the shepherds of yore, gazed up at the heavens. That celestial display, it seems, left an indelible mark on his soul. Three years later, tasked with whipping up a Christmas hymn for his Philadelphia parish's cherubic choir, the words "O Little Town of Bethlehem" practically tumbled out of him. Brook’s church organist, Lewis Redner, set the words to music, declaring that the tune was "a gift from heaven."

LITERATURE  In 1878, he published his first volume of sermons, and from time to time issued other volumes, including Sermons Preached in English Churches (1883) and The Candle of the Lord and Other Sermons (1895).  A prolific writer, his works are still studied for their theological insights and eloquence.

NATURE Brooks appreciated the beauty of nature, often reflecting on the natural world in his sermons and writings.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Brooks enjoyed reading, writing, and engaging in intellectual discussions. He was also known to be an avid traveler.

SCIENCE AND MATHS Brooks respected the advancements in science and often incorporated contemporary scientific thought into his theological reflections.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Brooks was a leading figure in American religious thought, emphasizing the love of God and the importance of personal faith. His theology was inclusive and progressive for his time. His sermons addressed contemporary social issues alongside traditional religious themes. Brooks was considered the most "considerable American preacher of his generation." 

When the disability right activist Helen Keller was young, Phillips Brooks introduced her to Christianity, Keller famously said: "I always knew He was there, but I didn't know His name!

SCANDAL Phillips Brooks led a life marked by integrity and was not involved in any significant scandals.

MILITARY RECORD Brooks did not serve in the military. However, his ministry during the Civil War era included addressing the moral and spiritual needs of his congregation in a time of national conflict.

During the Civil War, Brooks stood firmly (and some might say righteously) on the side of the abolitionists. 

His eulogy for Abraham Lincoln was a tearjerker of epic proportions, capturing the essence of both men in a way that left audiences misty-eyed and clutching handkerchiefs. Even a Harvard commemoration for fallen Civil War soldiers got the Brooks treatment, his sermon echoing across the nation like a particularly eloquent foghorn.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Brooks was generally robust and healthy throughout his life, although his heavy workload and commitment to his ministry took a toll on his health in his later years.

In his later years, Brooks was recovering from a life-threatening illness. Visitors were politely shown the door, but there was one exception: Colonel Bob Ingersoll, a notorious freethinker and champion of agnosticism. Intrigued,  Ingersoll accepted the summons. The reason for this unorthodox request? Brooks was confident of seeing his Christian friends in the afterlife, but not the agnostic Ingersoll. 

HOMES Throughout his career, Brooks resided in rectories associated with the churches he served.

Philadelphia (1859-1869): During his time in Philadelphia, Brooks lived in rectories associated with the Church of the Advent and the Church of the Holy Trinity.

Boston (1869-1893): His most influential position was as Rector of Trinity Church in Boston. The rectory associated with Trinity Church likely served as his primary residence during this period.

TRAVEL Brooks traveled extensively in Europe and the Holy Land, journeys that influenced his theological perspective and enriched his preaching. In 1880, Brooks traveled to England to deliver sermons at prestigious churches, including Westminster Abbey. This trip garnered him national recognition and solidified his reputation as a skilled and influential preacher.

DEATH Phillips Brooks died on January 23, 1893, in Boston, Massachusetts, after a brief illness. His death was widely mourned, and he was remembered as one of the most influential American preachers of his time.

He is buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Brooks has been featured in various biographical works and studies of American religious history. 

His enduring legacy includes the beloved Christmas carol "O Little Town of Bethlehem. The hymn's lyrics, penned by Brooks in 1868, have become a cherished part of Christmas celebrations worldwide. his beloved carol has been reinterpreted by countless musicians, with iconic versions by Gene Autry, Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, and legends like Nat King Cole, Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Mahalia Jackson, Dolly Parton, and Annie Lennox.

The song's poignant message has graced the soundtracks of numerous holiday films, including classics like Christmas in Connecticut (1943). It's also featured in movies with a more comedic twist, such as The Ref (1994) and Four Christmases (2008). 

"O Little Town of Bethlehem" has also found a home on the small screen, appearing in episodes of beloved shows like The Bob Newhart Show (1972), Little House on the Prairie (1981), and The Simpsons (1989). 

ACHIEVEMENTS Phillips Brooks’ achievements include his renowned preaching, his role in the design and building of Trinity Church, Boston, his contributions to hymnody, and his leadership as Bishop of Massachusetts. His legacy endures in the continued study and appreciation of his sermons and writings.

Brooks is honored on the Episcopal Church liturgical calendar on the day of his death, January 23.

Mel Brooks

NAME Mel Brooks

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Mel Brooks is an iconic American comedian, filmmaker, writer, and actor. He's renowned for his outrageous parodies and broad farces that have tickled audiences for decades including The Producers, Blazing Saddles and Young Frankenstein.

BIRTH  Mel Brooks was born Melvin Kaminsky on June 28, 1926, in Brooklyn, New York, USA.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Mel Brooks was born to Max Kaminsky, a process server, and Kate Brookman Kaminsky, a garment worker. Both his parents were Jewish immigrants: his father hailed from present-day Belarus, and his mother from Ukraine. He was the youngest of four sons.

CHILDHOOD Mel's father died when he was just two years old, leaving his mother to raise the family in relative poverty during the Depression. Brooks was a small, sickly boy who often was bullied and teased by his classmates because of his size. Despite the hardships, he developed a talent for mimicry, piano, and drums, becoming the family's comedic entertainer.

EDUCATION Mel attended Eastern District High School in Williamsburg, graduating in January 1944 He later attended the Specialized Training Program at the Virginia Military Institute where he was taught electrical engineering, horse riding, and saber fighting, before being drafted into the military during World War II. 

CAREER RECORD  Mel Brooks began his career as a comedian and writer, working on shows like Your Show of Shows and Caesar's Hour. He gained fame with the film The Producers. His other notable works include Blazing Saddles, Young Frankenstein, Silent Movie, High Anxiety, and Spaceballs. He also created the television series Get Smart.

APPEARANCE Mel Brooks is known for his short stature, expressive face, and energetic presence. He often sports a mischievous smile and twinkling eyes.

Mel Brooks in 2010 by Angela George Wikipedia

FASHION Mel's fashion is typically casual and unpretentious, often seen in suits for formal occasions and more relaxed clothing in everyday life.

CHARACTER Mel Brooks is known for his boundless energy, quick wit, and irreverent sense of humor. He is often described as kind, generous, and deeply passionate about his work.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Mel Brooks' comedic genius lies in his outrageous, absurdist approach. He's a master of wordplay, puns, and sight gags, often turning historical figures and classic film genres upside down for maximum hilarity.  His humor doesn't shy away from pushing boundaries, lampooning everything from Nazis in The Producers to the horror genre in Young Frankenstein.  He injects a healthy dose of slapstick and broad physical comedy, creating moments that have audiences roaring with laughter for decades.

RELATIONSHIPS Mel Brooks was married to  dancer Florence Baum from 1953 to 1962, with whom he had three children. 

Brooks first met actress Anne Bancroft at a rehearsal for the Perry Como Variety Show in 1961. They  married on August 5, 1964, at the Manhattan Marriage Bureau near New York City Hall and remained together until her death in 2005. Mel and Anne had one son together, Max Brooks.

Brooks and Bancroft at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival by Georges Biard Wikipedia

MONEY AND FAME Mel achieved considerable fame through his successful career in film, television, and theater. His works have garnered numerous awards and a lasting legacy in entertainment.

Brooks started out cranking out gags for Sid Caesar's variety show, Your Show of Shows. Not bad, right? A steady paycheck, a chance to hone his craft. But here's the kicker: that paycheck, a hefty $5,000 a week, would soon shrivel to a measly $85 when freelance writing became his reality.

Suddenly, that Greenwich Village apartment on Perry Street, a fourth-floor walk-up no doubt, felt a lot less charming. Five years of patchy gigs followed, a comedic purgatory that would inspire any aspiring artist to contemplate a career change. But Brooks persevered. He decamped for Los Angeles, seeking refuge with a friend in 1960. Thankfully, the City of Angels proved more receptive to his comedic stylings. Fast forward a few years, and Brooks is back in New York, this time in a comfortable townhouse – a far cry from the Perry Street climb.

FOOD AND DRINK Mel enjoys traditional Jewish cuisine and has a penchant for simple, hearty meals. He is also known to enjoy a good martini.

MUSIC AND ARTS  Mel Brooks has a deep appreciation for music and the arts. A lifelong fan of music, particularly the comedic works of artists like Groucho Marx. He has also incorporated music and dance into many of his films.

Brooks began his career as a comic and a writer for Sid Caesar's variety show Your Show of Shows from 1950 to 1954. Later, he teamed up with Buck Henry to create the hit TV series Get Smart, But Brooks craved more. He craved, well, to skewer the absurdity of life itself.

Inspiration struck in the most peculiar way. As a teenager, Brooks witnessed the, ahem, "unorthodox" fundraising methods of a certain theatrical producer. This enterprising soul wooed investors, mostly elderly women, with more than just charm. It was enough to plant a seed in Brooks' mind, a seed that would eventually blossom into the uproarious The Producers (1967).

That film, along with the Oscar it brought him for Best Original Screenplay, became the launching pad for a comedic reign of terror. The 1970s became the "Decade of Brooks," a time when audiences doubled over laughing at Blazing Saddles, Young Frankenstein, and History of the World, Part I.  They were all gleefully absurd parodies, gleefully pushing boundaries and tickling funny bones with equal fervor.

Brooks' comedic Midas touch extended to Broadway. A musical adaptation of The Producers raked in awards, including three Tonys for Brooks himself. The project even got the Hollywood treatment once more, this time as a musical film in 2005. 

There are Brooks trivia nuggets aplenty. 

Props from the 1931 classic Frankenstein were reused in Young Frankenstein. 

Three of his films cracked the American Film Institute's top 15 comedies of all time: Blazing Saddles at number 6, The Producers at number 11, and Young Frankenstein at number 13. 

In a testament to his range, Brooks even financed the deeply moving The Elephant Man, a film so different from his usual fare that he opted not to take credit, fearing audiences might mistake it for a slapstick romp.

LITERATURE  Mel Brooks has written several books, including his autobiography, All About Me!: My Remarkable Life in Show Business. He is also an avid reader with a love for classic literature and humor.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Mel enjoys playing the drums, a hobby he picked up in his youth. He is also a fan of baseball and often references sports in his comedy.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY While not openly religious, Mel Brooks often explores philosophical and theological themes in his work, using humor to address profound questions about existence, morality, and human nature.

SCANDAL Brooks has avoided major scandals throughout his career.exclamation While his humor pushes boundaries, he's known for his good taste and ability to keep things lighthearted. He's maintained a reputation for professionalism and integrity in the entertainment industry.

MILITARY RECORD Mel Brooks was Corporal Melvin Kaminsky in World War II, He was a combat engineer and participated in the Battle of the Bulge and the D-Day landings. His experiences during the war influenced his comedic sensibilities and worldview.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Mel has enjoyed relatively good health throughout his life. He remains active and energetic well into his senior years, continuing to engage with fans and the media.

HOMES A New Yorker at heart, Brooks has primarily resided in the bustling city throughout his career.  Early on, he lived in apartments typical of Brooklyn life.  As his success grew, he undoubtedly moved to more spacious and luxurious abodes.  California also beckoned, with homes likely in Los Angeles, a natural fit for a Hollywood filmmaker.  Details on specific addresses remain relatively private.

TRAVEL Mel Brooks has traveled extensively for work and pleasure, often visiting Europe for film projects and vacations.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Brooks' career began in television before transitioning seamlessly to film, directing and starring in his own outrageous parodies.  But his reach extends far beyond his own creations.  He's made countless cameo appearances in films and television shows, lending his comedic brilliance to projects by other artists.  From voice acting to hosting awards shows, Brooks has consistently graced our screens with his infectious energy and witty remarks.

ACHIEVEMENTS Mel Brooks has won numerous awards, including an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony (EGOT). His films and shows have become classics, and he is widely regarded as one of the greatest comedic talents of all time. His influence on comedy and film is profound, with a legacy that continues to inspire new generations of entertainers.

Louise Brooks

NAME Louise Brooks

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Louise Brooks is famous for being an iconic American actress and dancer, best known for her roles in silent films such as Pandora's Box (1929) and Diary of a Lost Girl (1929). She is also celebrated for her distinctive bob haircut, which became a symbol of the flapper era.

BIRTH Mary Louise Brooks was born on November 14, 1906, in Cherryvale, Kansas, USA.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Louise was the daughter of Leonard Porter Brooks, a lawyer, and Myra Rude Brooks, a talented pianist and intellectual. Her family moved to Wichita, Kansas, when she was a child. Louise's relationship with her volatile mother was strained throughout her life.

CHILDHOOD Louise had a turbulent childhood marked by independence and rebellion. She was interested in dance from a young age and pursued it passionately despite her father's disapproval.

EDUCATION Louise received formal dance training at the Denishawn School of Dancing and Related Arts in Los Angeles. She was eventually dismissed due to her unconventional spirit. Her education in traditional academics was less rigorous, as she was more focused on her dance and acting career.

CAREER RECORD Here's her resume: 

Dancer with the Denishawn company (1922-1924)

Chorus girl in various New York productions (1924-1925)

Hollywood actress with Paramount Pictures (1925-1928)

Starred in German films by G.W. Pabst, including Pandora's Box and Diary of a Lost Girl (1929)

Returned to Hollywood with limited success (1928-1938)

Retired from acting and pursued writing (1938)

APPEARANCE Louise Brooks was known for her striking beauty, particularly her jet-black bob haircut, which became a cultural phenomenon. She had a petite frame, dark expressive eyes, and an aura of aloofness.

Brooks c. 1926

FASHION Brooks epitomized the flapper style with her short dresses, cloche hats, and bob haircut. Even after the flapper era ended, she remained a fashion icon.

Her signature hairstyle, that Buster Brown bob that looked like it had been architected by a ruler, was pure Louise. She'd sported it since childhood, a defiance of convention that would become her trademark. 

CHARACTER Louise Brooks was known for her intelligence, independence, and rebellious spirit. She was often described as outspoken and unapologetically herself, refusing to conform to Hollywood's expectations.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Louise had a sharp wit and a dry sense of humour. She often used her humour to critique the film industry and societal norms.

RELATIONSHIPS Louise had several high-profile relationships throughout her life, including affairs with prominent figures in the film industry. She was married twice: first to Eddie Sutherland, a director, and later to Deering Davis, a millionaire socialite. Both marriages ended in divorce.

She never had children, referring to herself as "Barren Brooks".

She did admit to some lesbian flings, including a one-night stand with Greta Garbo but Brooks herself maintained she wasn't a lesbian or bisexual. Let's just say Louise Brooks marched to the beat of her own bob-haired drummer.

MONEY AND FAME While Louise achieved significant fame during her acting career, she struggled financially later in life. She had difficulty maintaining steady work and was often at odds with Hollywood executives.

FOOD AND DRINK Brooks was known to enjoy the social aspects of dining and nightlife during her Hollywood years.

MUSIC AND ARTS Louise Brooks had a deep appreciation for the arts, particularly dance and classical music. Her early training in dance influenced her graceful movements on screen.

Louise's signature role was Lulu in Pandora's Box, The film dared to tackle modern sexuality, even featuring one of the first lesbian portrayals on the silver screen. 

Unlike most silent film stars who hammed it up like they were auditioning for a mime convention, Louise went for a more natural approach. No scenery-chewing theatrics here. She brought a quiet intensity to her roles, a subtle nuance that left some audiences scratching their heads and others begging for more. It was a style that would pave the way for a new era of acting, but for Louise, it sometimes landed her in hot water with directors who thought emoting meant throwing your furniture around.

Europe, particularly Germany, embraced Louise's brand of cool. Her films were seen as daring works of art, and she became a sensation. Hollywood, on the other hand, was a different story. Back in the States, the studios found her a bit too much to handle. Creative control clashes became her specialty.

By 1938, she'd had enough of the Hollywood hustle and decided to call it a cinematic career. 

LITERATURE Louise was an avid reader and later became a writer herself. Her first project, an autobiographical novel with the scandalous title Naked on My Goat, met a fiery demise when she tossed the manuscript into an incinerator in a fit of pique. 

Following the rediscovery of her films by cinephiles in the 1950s, brooks insightful essays started receiving acclaim. She published her memoir, Lulu in Hollywood, in 1982.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Dance was her primary passion, and Louise Brooks also enjoyed reading, and writing. She also had an interest in intellectual pursuits, often engaging in philosophical discussions.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Louise Brooks was known for her existential reflections and philosophical musings, particularly about the nature of fame, beauty, and the human condition.

SCANDAL Louise's life was marked by several scandals, including her outspoken critiques of Hollywood and her affairs with high-profile figures. Her refusal to conform to industry norms often put her at odds with studio executives.

Her portrayal of sexually liberated characters in European films caused controversy and contributed to her struggles in Hollywood.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Louise maintained her health and physical fitness through her rigorous dance training. However, she struggled with alcoholism later in life, which affected her overall health.

HOMES Throughout her life, Louise lived in various locations, including Wichita, Los Angeles, New York City, and Paris. In her later years, she lived in Rochester, New York.

TRAVEL Louise traveled extensively, particularly between the United States and Europe. She spent significant time in Berlin, where she made some of her most famous films.

DEATH Louise Brooks was found dead of a heart attack on August 8, 1985 aged 78, after suffering from arthritis and emphysema for many years. She was buried in Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Rochester, New York.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Several biographies have been written about Louise Brooks, including the acclaimed Louise Brooks: A Biography by Barry Paris.

Documentaries explore her life and career, such as Louise Brooks: Fallen Star (1985).

British new wave group Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark released a 1991 single titled "Pandora's Box" as a tribute to Brooks.

ACHIEVEMENTS Louise Brooks is celebrated for her groundbreaking performances in silent film, her distinctive style, and her contributions to cinema history. Her autobiography and essays have also been critically acclaimed, solidifying her legacy as both an actress and a writer.