John Adams

NAME: John Adams

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: He was an early advocate of American independence from Great Britain, a major figure in the Continental Congress, the author of the Massachusetts constitution, a signer of the Treaty of Paris, the first American ambassador to the Court of St. James, and the first vice president and second president of the United States.

BIRTH: John Adams was born on October 30, 1735 (in Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: He was the eldest of three sons of John Adams Sr., a farmer and deacon, and Susanna Boylston Adams, a descendant of the Boylstons of Brookline. John's mother came from a prominent family of scientists and medical doctors.

CHILDHOOD: John grew up in a modest New England farm where he learned to read and write. He enjoyed hunting, fishing, and farming. He attended a local school and later a private academy in Worcester.

EDUCATION: Adams graduated from Harvard College in 1755 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He then studied law under James Putnam, a prominent lawyer in Worcester, and was admitted to the bar in 1758.

CAREER RECORD Adams practiced law in Braintree and Boston, becoming one of the most respected lawyers in Massachusetts. 

He was elected to the Massachusetts Assembly in 1770 and served as a delegate to the First and Second Continental Congresses from 1774 to 1777. 

Adams was a member of the committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence and a leading advocate for its adoption. He also served on various diplomatic missions to France, Holland, and Britain during and after the Revolutionary War. 

Adams helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris that ended the war and secured American independence. 

He was the first U.S. minister to Britain from 1785 to 1788. 

Adams returned to America in 1788 and was elected as the first vice president under George Washington in 1789. He was re-elected in 1792. 

Adams became the US second president in 1797 after defeating Thomas Jefferson by three electoral votes. He was sworn in as the second President of the United States on March 4, 1797, succeeding George Washington. 

His presidency was marked by conflicts with France and Britain, domestic divisions between Federalists and Republicans, and controversies over his Alien and Sedition Acts. He lost his bid for re-election to Jefferson in 1800 by 65 to 73 electoral votes.

Adams retired to his farm in Quincy and resumed his correspondence with Jefferson and other political figures. 

APPEARANCE: Adams was about 5 feet 7 inches tall, with a stout build, blue eyes, and light brown hair that turned gray with age. He wore spectacles and a powdered wig. He dressed in plain but elegant clothes, often wearing a dark coat, breeches, stockings, and buckled shoes.

President John Adams by Asher B. Durand (1767-1845).Wikipedia commons

FASHION: Adams was not very interested in fashion or ostentation. He preferred simplicity and modesty in his attire and manners. He once said that he wished "that simple dress might be introduced among us; that we might be distinguished only by our virtues."

CHARACTER: Adams was a man of strong principles, integrity, courage, and patriotism. He was also stubborn, independent, outspoken, and sometimes irascible. He valued reason, justice, liberty, and education. Adams was loyal to his friends and family, but also had enemies and rivals. He was proud of his achievements but also humble about his faults. He had a deep sense of duty and responsibility to his country and posterity.

SPEAKING VOICE: John Adams possessed a voice as distinctive as his personality. Articulate and expressive, he held audiences spellbound with his eloquence. Legend has it he once delivered a 700-word sentence that captivated Congress, a testament to his extraordinary command of language and breath control.

His voice likely carried an authority that mirrored his forceful personality. A staunch advocate for independence, Adams was known for his outspoken and often combative views. He was, as he himself admitted, "obnoxious, suspected and unpopular" – a reflection of his forceful and unapologetic speaking style.

As a native of Massachusetts, Adams undoubtedly spoke with a regional accent. While it likely differed significantly from modern American English, some scholars speculate it might have had a certain rustic quality, perhaps closer to the accents found in certain rural areas of the Deep South, coastal Maine, or the Chesapeake region today.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: He had a dry wit and enjoyed jokes and puns. Adams often used humor to defuse tense situations or to make a point. He also appreciated irony and sarcasm. He once wrote to his wife Abigail that "I have sometimes been called an Aristocrat; but I am sure I am not one; for I hate them heartily."

RELATIONSHIPS: John Adams married Abigail Smith on October 25, 1764. The ceremony took place in the Smith family home in Weymouth, Massachusetts, and was officiated by Abigail's father, William Smith. After their wedding, the couple moved to Braintree (now Quincy).

When her husband was sworn in as President of the United States in March 1797, a particularly brutal New England winter kept Abigail away from Philadelphia and she missed her husband's inauguration.

The couple had six children, including John Quincy Adams, who became the sixth president of the United States.

Abigail was John's confidante and adviser, and they exchanged many letters during their long separations. 

Adams also had a complex friendship with Thomas Jefferson, his political rival and collaborator. They disagreed on many issues, but reconciled later in life and died on the same day, July 4, 1826.

MONEY AND FAME: John Adams came from a modest family of farmers and artisans, and he worked hard to earn his education and reputation as a lawyer and a statesman. He was not wealthy, but he was respected for his integrity and intelligence. 

FOOD AND DRINK: Historian David McCullough revealed in the Pulitzer Prize-winning biography John Adams, when Adams was sent on a diplomatic mission to Francehe loved the food though he missed American staples. During their time overseas, Abigail, "sent off orders for shipments of his favorite New England cheese, bacon, white potatoes, and cider."

McCullough also reveals that "a morning 'gill' of hard cider" was Adams' "preferred drink before breakfast." (1)

John Adams was known for his frugality and temperance, and he avoided overeating or indulging in luxuries.

MUSIC AND ARTS: John Adams had a taste for classical music, especially the works of Handel and Bach. He also appreciated poetry and drama, and he wrote some verses himself. He was not very skilled in painting or drawing, but he admired the talents of others. He was especially fond of the portraits of Gilbert Stuart, who painted him several times.

LITERATURE: John Adams was an avid reader and a prolific writer. He read widely in history, philosophy, law, politics, religion, and science. He admired the works of Cicero, Locke, Montesquieu, Shakespeare, Milton, Pope, and Swift. He wrote numerous essays, letters, diaries, speeches, and books on various topics. Some of his most influential works include A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America (1787), Discourses on Davila (1790), and his correspondence with Jefferson.

NATURE: John Adams loved nature and farming. He grew up in the countryside of Massachusetts, where he learned to plow, sow, reap, and care for animals. He often escaped from the pressures of public life to his farm in Quincy, where he planted trees, flowers, fruits, and vegetables. He enjoyed walking, riding, fishing, and hunting in the woods and fields.

President John Adams at his farm in Quincy

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: John Adams had few hobbies or sports. He was not interested in games or amusements that he considered frivolous or wasteful. He preferred to spend his leisure time reading or writing or conversing with his family and friends. He did enjoy swimming in his youth, and he occasionally played cards or chess with his wife or children.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: John Adams had a keen interest in science and maths. He studied astronomy, physics, chemistry, geography, medicine, and engineering. He admired the discoveries of Newton , Franklin, Priestley, Lavoisier, and others. He also had a good knowledge of arithmetic , geometry , algebra , and calculus . He used maths to solve practical problems , such as surveying land , measuring distances , or calculating taxes .

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: John Adams was a deep thinker and a devout Christian. He believed in the existence of God , the immortality of the soul, and the moral law . He was influenced by the rationalism of the Enlightenment , but he also respected the traditions of Puritanism. Adams rejected the doctrines of predestination, original sin, and eternal damnation . He advocated for religious freedom , tolerance , and diversity.

SCANDAL: John Adams was involved in several scandals during his career . One of them was the XYZ Affair , which erupted in 1797 when French agents demanded bribes from American diplomats to negotiate a peace treaty. Adams exposed the affair to Congress, which provoked a public outcry and a quasi-war with France. Another scandal was the Alien and Sedition Acts, which Adams signed into law in 1798 to suppress dissent and criticism from his opponents. The acts were widely denounced as unconstitutional and tyrannical.

MILITARY RECORD: John Adams never served in the army or fought in a war . However, he supported the American Revolution as a political leader. He nominated George Washington as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army. Adams served on several committees that dealt with military affairs, such as raising troops, supplying arms, and appointing officers. He also helped negotiate the peace treaty with Great Britain that ended the war.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: John Adams had a robust constitution and a long life. He lived to be 90 years old, the longest of any president until Ronald Reagan. He suffered from various illnesses and injuries, such as smallpox, malaria, dysentery, rheumatism, gout, and a broken wrist. Adams also had poor eyesight and hearing in his old age. He maintained his health and fitness by eating moderately, sleeping regularly, and exercising daily .

HOMES: John Adams lived in several homes throughout his life. He was born in a saltbox house in Braintree, Massachusetts, where he spent his childhood and early adulthood. He moved to Boston in 1768, where he rented a brick house on Brattle Street. Adams bought a farm in Quincy in 1787, which he named Peacefield. He lived there for most of his retirement.

John Adams moved into the White House on November 1, 1800, near the end of his presidency. Although construction on the White House began in 1792, it wasn’t completed until 1800. When Adams moved in, the building was still unfinished in some areas, and he and his wife, Abigail, found it quite drafty and incomplete.

TRAVEL: John Adams traveled extensively during his career. He crossed the Atlantic Ocean eight times between 1778 and 1788. He visited France, the Netherlands, England, Ireland, and Spain as a diplomat. He also traveled within the United States, from New England to the South. He rode on horseback, carriage, or coach. Adams endured many hardships and dangers on the road, such as bad weather, rough terrain, bandits, and disease.

DEATH: John Adams died on July 4, 1826, at his home in Quincy, Massachusetts. He was 90 years old, and he had been ill for several months. His last words were "Thomas Jefferson still survives", unaware that Jefferson had died a few hours earlier at Monticello, Virginia. They both died on the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, which they had helped draft and sign. Adams was buried at the United First Parish Church in Quincy, next to his wife Abigail and his son John Quincy.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: John Adams has been portrayed in various media over the years. Some of the most notable examples are:

The musical 1776 (1969), which depicts Adams as the main protagonist and leader of the independence movement. He was played by William Daniels on stage and in the film adaptation (1972).

The miniseries John Adams (2008), which is based on the biography by David McCullough and covers Adams's life from 1770 to 1826. He was played by Paul Giamatti, who won an Emmy and a Golden Globe for his performance.

The book and film Hamilton (2015, 2020), which features Adams as a minor antagonist and rival of Alexander Hamilton. He was played by Rory O'Malley in the original Broadway cast and by Carvens Lissaint in the film version.

The film Amistad (1997), in which he was played by Anthony Hopkins.

The novel John Adams: A Life (1992) by John Ferling, which won the Fraunces Tavern Museum Book Award.

The podcast series Presidential (2016) by The Washington Post, which featured an episode on his life and legacy.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Adams was instrumental in the American Revolution and the founding of the United States. Set precedents for peaceful power transitions and American foreign policy. He left behind a legacy of intellectual thought and unwavering political commitment that continues to inspire.

Source (1) Food & Wine

Hannah Adams

NAME Hannah Adams

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Hannah Adams is renowned for being the first American woman to support herself by writing. 

BIRTH Born October 2, 1755, in a remote country town in Medfield, Massachusetts, USA.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Adams came from a modest family.  Hannah was the second of five children born to Thomas Adams and Elizabeth Clark1. Her father, Thomas Adams, had been educated at Harvard College and came from a family that had held important positions in their town for generations. Hannah's grandfather was a land proprietor who had wanted Thomas to take over the family farm but he became a bookseller.

Her mother died when Hannah was around 11 years old. After her mother's death, Hannah and her younger sister were cared for by their eldest sister, Elizabeth.

Despite their limited means, her family encouraged intellectual pursuits.

CHILDHOOD Adams spent much of her childhood in frail health, which kept her indoors and sparked her interest in reading and learning. Her father’s small book collection became a crucial influence on her intellectual development.

EDUCATION Due to her delicate health, Hannah did not attend regular school. Instead, she was educated at home by her father, whose small store selling books and goods gave Hannah access to a wide range of reading material from an early age. She developed a passion for literature, particularly poetry, history, and biography.

The family took in boarders, many of whom were divinity students. From these boarders, Hannah learned Greek and Latin.

By age 20, Hannah had read more than most women of her time

CAREER RECORD Hannah Adams began her writing career in the 1780s. She contributed articles to various newspapers and magazines, primarily on religious and historical topics. Her most significant work, A Summary History of New England, was published in 1799. Adams was highly regarded for her detailed research and objectivity in discussing religious topics.

APPEARANCE Hannah Adams was described as having a timid and frail demeanor. Her timidity and frailty are mentioned as traits that were confirmed and sometimes exaggerated in historical accounts.

She was known for her "remarkably awkward" manners, according to her own admission. In her memoir, Adams wrote about being "tremblingly apprehensive of exposing myself to ridicule" due to her awkwardness and ignorance of social etiquette.

Portrait of Hannah Adams by Francis Alexander, c. 1828

FASHION Adams was known for her modest and simple clothing, fitting for a woman of her time and economic status. She didn’t indulge in fashionable trends.

CHARACTER She was determined, intellectually curious, and resilient, pursuing knowledge and writing despite health issues and financial challenges. Adams was humble and known for her modesty.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Adams was known to be gentle and soft-spoken, traits that may not align with a boisterous sense of humor.

RELATIONSHIPS Adams never married and had no known romantic relationships. Her focus was always on her intellectual pursuits. She is described as a "shy woman who never married."

Despite her generally shy and timid nature, Hannah Adams was da popular guest in New England society. She once stayed for two weeks at the house of her distant cousin, President John Adams. During this fortnight stay, Hannah spent most of her time reading in the president's extensive library.

MONEY AND FAME Adams lived much of her life in poverty, but her writing eventually brought her modest income. In 1809, a group of prominent Boston intellectuals, including William Shaw and Joseph Stevens Buckminster, established a modest annuity for Adams that would keep her out of poverty. The annuity eased the financial difficulties of her later years, allowing her to continue her scholarly work without relying solely on inconsistent income from book sales

Though she was respected, Adams did not achieve widespread fame in her lifetime.

FOOD AND DRINK  Living in New England in the 18th century, Adams likely ate simple, local foods typical of the time, such as bread, dairy, and meats.

MUSIC AND ARTS Adams was more focused on intellectual studies than the arts. However, as a cultured woman, she may have had some appreciation for the arts.

LITERATURE Born in the sleepy hamlet of Medfield, Massachusetts, in a time when women were often relegated to domestic roles, Hannah Adams defied societal expectations and carved out a niche for herself as a professional writer.

Adams' first foray into the world of letters was her book, A View of Religions, first published as An Alphabetical Compendium of the Various Sects, in 1784. This work not only brought her financial stability but also allowed her to help her sister, who was struggling with ill health. Undeterred by her own physical limitations, Adams continued to write, producing A Summary History of New-England in 1799.

Her most ambitious project, The History of the Jews, was a testament to her dedication. While researching this book, she suffered serious eye damage, forcing her to rely on an amanuensis to prepare her manuscript. Despite these challenges, the book was eventually published and reprinted in London.

Adams' story is a testament to the power of the human spirit. Against all odds, she overcame adversity to become a pioneer in the field of American literature. Her legacy lives on, a reminder that even in the most humble of circumstances, intellectual curiosity and perseverance can lead to extraordinary achievements.

A View of Religions, Second Edition, (1791), by Hannah Adams

A voracious reader, Adams was greatly influenced by religious and historical texts. Her writing was marked by meticulous research, and she contributed significantly to religious literature in America.

Adams was enthusiastic about poetry, memorizing works by her favorite poets such as Milton, Thomson, and Young. In her later years, she entertained friends by reciting poetry she had learned in her youth

NATURE Growing up in rural Massachusetts, Adams would have been surrounded by the countryside.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS  Her primary interest was in writing and scholarly pursuits, especially in the areas of religion and history

SCIENCE AND MATHS Adams' work as a historian required her to have a basic understanding of these subjects.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Hannah Adams was a trailblazer in the field of comparative religion, known for her objective and unbiased approach to studying and writing about different religious sects and denominations. Unlike many of her contemporaries, who often displayed prejudice in their writings, Adams aimed to present various religious groups without judgment or bias.

As a Unitarian Christian herself, Adams was committed to fairness and balance in her work. She was dissatisfied with the sectarian bias exhibited by most writers on religious topics, motivating her to write her own comprehensive and impartial accounts. Her scholarly approach involved extensive research and careful compilation of information from various sources.

Adams' pioneering works, such as An Alphabetical Compendium of the Various Sects and A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations, were significant contributions to the field of comparative religion. She was dedicated to presenting the tenets of different sects in the words of their own adherents, avoiding personal interpretations or criticisms.

Adams rejected the derogatory terms used by many authors to describe religious groups they disagreed with, recognizing the importance of education and knowledge in understanding different perspectives. Her work continues to inspire scholars and researchers today, serving as a model for objective and unbiased study of religion. 

POLITICS Adams' work was part of a larger Enlightenment trend of intellectual independence and religious tolerance.

SCANDAL Adams led a quiet, modest life and was not involved in any public scandals.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Adams struggled with frail health throughout her life, which limited her physically but did not prevent her from pursuing her intellectual work.

HOMES She lived primarily in Massachusetts, spending her early years in Medfield. Adams moved to Boston in 1810, where she had better access to resources for her research and writing and was closer to intellectual circles.

TRAVEL Adams did not travel extensively, spending most of her life in Massachusetts.

DEATH Hannah Adams passed away on December 15, 1831, in Brookline, Massachusetts, at the age of 76. She was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, one of the first women to be interred there.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Adams does not appear widely in modern media, but her work is still referenced in discussions of early American writers, especially women authors.

ACHIEVEMENTS Adams was the first American woman to support herself through writing. Her comparative religious study, An Alphabetical Compendium of the Various Sects, is a pioneering work in the field of religious scholarship, and she remains an important figure in early American literary history.

Douglas Adams

NAME: Douglas Noel Adams

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series, a mock science-fiction epic that lampoons modern society with biting humour and pessimism.  

BIRTH:  March 11, 1952 in Cambridge, England.  

FAMILY BACKGROUND: His parents were Christopher Douglas Adams, a management consultant and computer salesman, and Janet Donovan, a nurse. They divorced when he was five years old. He had a sister, Susan, and four half-siblings from his parents' remarriages. His great-grandfather was the playwright Benjamin Franklin Wedekind.  

CHILDHOOD: He grew up in Brentwood, Essex, where he attended Primrose Hill Primary School and then Brentwood School. He was very tall for his age and self-conscious about it. He was also interested in science and writing stories.  

EDUCATION: He studied English literature at St John's College, Cambridge, where he wrote comedy sketches for the performing arts society. He graduated with an M.A. in 1974.  

CAREER RECORD: Early writing included comedy sketches for BBC Radio, radio series Doctor Who, and scripts for various shows.

1978: Debut of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy as a radio series, gaining cult acclaim for its quirky humor and philosophical musings.

1979-1990: Five-book Hitchhiker's series published, solidifying Adams' popularity and influence.

Adams wrote other novels like Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency and non-fiction like Last Chance to See, exploring environmental issues.

He worked in various media, contributing to video games, film scripts, and stage adaptations.

APPEARANCE: Adams was 6 feet (1.8 m) by age 12 and stopped growing at 6 feet 5 inches (1.96 m). He had brown hair and blue eyes. 

Adams in March 2020

FASHION: Adams liked to dress casually, sometimes wearing Hawaiian shirts or bathrobes. 

He was not very interested in fashion or trends. He once said: "I don't believe it matters how you look as long as you're happy with yourself." 

CHARACTER: He was described as intelligent, creative, witty, generous, kind, eccentric, curious and adventurous. He had a passion for technology, especially Apple Macintosh computers. He was also an environmentalist and an atheist. He said: "I love deadlines. I love the whooshing noise they make as they go by."  

SPEAKING VOICE  As a popular author and speaker, Adams developed a confident speaking style that captivated audiences. Stephen Fry, a close friend of Adams, described him as having a voice that was "huge, imposing, affable, witty."

SENSE OF HUMOUR: He had a dry, sarcastic and absurd sense of humour that often involved wordplay, satire and irony. He used humour to cope with life's challenges and to make fun of human folly. He said: "The knack of flying is learning how to throw yourself at the ground and miss."  

RELATIONSHIPS: He married Jane Belson in 1991 after a long courtship. They had one daughter, Polly Jane Rocket Adams, born in 1994. He was close to his family and friends, many of whom were fellow writers and comedians. He said: "I may not have gone where I intended to go, but I think I have ended up where I needed to be."  

MONEY AND FAME: He became wealthy and famous from his books and other projects, but he was not very good at managing his finances or meeting deadlines. He often spent more than he earned and had to deal with tax problems and legal disputes. He said: "I am rarely happier than when spending an entire day programming my computer to perform automatically a task that it would otherwise take me a good ten seconds to do by hand."  

FOOD AND DRINK: He was a vegetarian since 1983 and an advocate for animal rights. He liked Indian food, chocolate and tea. He also enjoyed drinking wine and beer, but he gave up alcohol in 1999 for health reasons. He said: "It is a mistake to think you can solve any major problems just with potatoes."  

The Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster is a legendary drink from The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. It's described as the "best drink in existence," but also the most potent.  The drink is said to be a "mugging in liquid form," with a taste likened to "having your brains smashed out by a slice of lemon wrapped around a large gold brick." It's so potent that it's advised to only have one, and even then, only if you're a "thirty-ton mega-elephant with bronchial pneumonia."   

While the exact recipe for the Pan Galactic Gargle Blaster is a closely guarded secret, many have attempted to create their own versions. However, it's important to remember that the true experience of this drink is likely beyond our mortal capabilities.

MUSIC AND ARTS: He was fond of music and played the guitar, piano and flute. He liked rock music, especially The Beatles, Pink Floyd, Procol Harum , Paul Simon, Randy Newman, Bruce Springsteen , Talking Heads, REM, and U2. He also appreciated classical music, especially Bach, Beethoven, Mozart, and Chopin . 

He was interested in art and photography, and collected works by Escher , Dali , Magritte , and Picasso 

He said: "The most important thing you learn as a sports photographer is anticipation - not where the action is taking place, but where it's going to take place. Not where the subject is now, but where they're going to be." . 

Adams said: "I think a nerd is a person who uses the telephone to talk to other people about telephones."  

LITERATURE: He was an avid reader and writer, influenced by authors such as Lewis Carroll , P.G. Wodehouse, Kurt Vonnegut, Robert Sheckley, Douglas Hofstadter, Richard Dawkins, and Stephen Hawking . He also admired the works of Shakespeare, Dickens, Orwell, and Tolkien. 

So, there's Douglas Adams, sprawled out drunk in a field near Innsbruck. It's 1971, and gazing bleary-eyed at the Milky Way, Adams has a thought so obvious it's a wonder no one had it before: a hitchhiker's guide, but for the whole darn galaxy!

Fast forward a few years, and BBC Radio 4 picks up Adams' brainchild – The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, a sci-fi comedy radio series. First transmitted on March 8, 1978, it promptly goes galactic itself. Soon, it's books, it's TV, it's a merchandising juggernaut. Someone even offered Adams a cool £50,000 to write a Hitchhiker's Guide calendar. He didn't even have to write it! Just imagine, getting paid for not working – the dream! (Sadly, the deal fell through, but hey, he still got half the fee. Champagne time!)

Then there was the movie. Twenty years Adams spent wrestling with Hollywood, a process he likened to grilling a steak by having people repeatedly breathe on it. The film finally arrived, four years after the poor man had shuffled off this mortal coil.

But hey, at least Hitchhiker's gave us the towel! As any self-respecting interstellar hitchhiker knows, a towel is about the most useful thing you can have. And to celebrate all things Adams, there's Towel Day – a joyous event that falls on May 25th every year (coincidentally, two weeks after Adams himself bit the dust).

Adams, of course, wasn't a one-trick pony. He also brought us the gloriously oddball Dirk Gently detective novels, and championed the fight to save endangered species. Not bad for a bloke who once got gloriously drunk in a field and had a brilliant idea. 

NATURE: He loved nature and wildlife, and was concerned about their preservation. He co-wrote a book and a radio series called Last Chance to See, in which he travelled around the world with zoologist Mark Carwardine to see endangered species. He said: "Human beings, who are almost unique in having the ability to learn from the experience of others, are also remarkable for their apparent disinclination to do so."  

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: He had many hobbies and interests, such as astronomy, astrology, chess, gardening, hiking, skiing, scuba diving, swimming, cycling, and flying. He was a fan of sports, especially cricket, rugby, football (soccer), and Formula One racing. He said: "Anything that is in the world when you're born is normal and ordinary and is just a natural part of the way the world works. Anything that's invented between when you're fifteen and thirty-five is new and exciting and revolutionary and you can probably get a career in it. Anything invented after you're thirty-five is against the natural order of things."  

SCIENCE AND MATHS: He had a keen interest in science and maths, especially physics, cosmology, biology, evolution, artificial intelligence, and logic. He was fascinated by the mysteries of the universe and the origins of life. He said: "There is a theory which states that if ever anyone discovers exactly what the Universe is for and why it is here, it will instantly disappear and be replaced by something even more bizarre and inexplicable. There is another theory which states that this has already happened."  

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: He was a self-proclaimed "radical atheist" who rejected the existence of God and any supernatural phenomena. He was influenced by the philosophy of existentialism, humanism, and rationalism. He said: "Isn't it enough to see that a garden is beautiful without having to believe that there are fairies at the bottom of it too?"  

SCANDAL: He was not involved in any major scandals or controversies, although he sometimes faced criticism for his views on religion, politics, or environmental issues. He said: "I refuse to answer that question on the grounds that I don't know the answer." 

MILITARY RECORD: He did not have any military record or experience. He said: "I'd take the awe of understanding over the awe of ignorance any day." 

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: He was generally healthy and fit, although he suffered from asthma, allergies, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and chronic back pain. He tried various treatments and therapies for his ailments, such as acupuncture, hypnosis, meditation, yoga, massage, chiropractic, homeopathy, and psychotherapy. He said: "A common mistake that people make when trying to design something completely foolproof is to underestimate the ingenuity of complete fools."  

HOMES: Douglas Adams, a man of restless spirit and boundless curiosity, traversed the globe, establishing temporary homes in a remarkable array of locations. His life's journey took him from the bustling streets of London to the sun-drenched shores of Los Angeles and Santa Barbara, and onward to the vibrant energy of New York and the distant allure of Sydney.

 He found temporary residence in the charming Islington, the rustic landscapes of France and Scotland, the serene beauty of Norway, the ancient wonders of Greece and Turkey, and the exotic locales of Sri Lanka, Zanzibar, and Madagascar. His travels extended to the vast expanses of China, the tranquil shores of Bali, the unique ecosystems of New Zealand, the diverse landscapes of Australia, the wild plains of Kenya, and the lush rainforests of Cameroon, before finally settling in California. His final home was in the idyllic Montecito. Reflecting on his peripatetic existence, Adams famously remarked, "I seldom end up where I wanted to go, but almost always end up where I need to be," a testament to his acceptance of life's unpredictable course and his ability to find meaning in unexpected destinations.

TRAVEL: Adams travelled extensively around the world for work or pleasure. He said: "I love travelling. I love just going anywhere I haven't been before." 

In 1985, Douglas Adams embarked on an unusual assignment for The Observer newspaper. Accompanied by zoologist Mark Carwardine, he journeyed to Madagascar with the specific goal of locating the elusive and endangered aye-aye, a rare nocturnal lemur. This initial expedition, though fraught with challenges, proved successful, and a strong bond formed between Adams and Carwardine. Their shared experience and mutual enjoyment of each other's company led to a more ambitious plan: a year-long global quest to seek out other endangered animal species.

Their subsequent travels took them to a diverse range of locations around the world. In Indonesia, they sought the formidable Komodo dragon. In Zaire, now the Democratic Republic of Congo, they searched for the critically endangered northern white rhinoceros. New Zealand became their destination in pursuit of the kakapo parrot. They also traveled to China, hoping to find the Yangtze River dolphin, and to Mauritius, where they observed the Rodrigues fruit bat. Adams, with his characteristic self-deprecating humor, described his role in these expeditions as that of "an extremely ignorant non-zoologist to whom everything that happened would come as a complete surprise." 

The planning for these extraordinary journeys was remarkably simple. According to Carwardine, they adopted a straightforward method: they placed a large map of the world on a wall, Adams placed pins in locations that piqued his interest, and Carwardine placed pins where endangered animals were known to exist. Their itinerary was then formed from the places where both pins coincided.

These remarkable travels served as the direct inspiration for Last Chance to See, a project that materialized in 1990 as both a published book and a BBC radio series. The resulting work captured the essence of their adventures and highlighted the precarious existence of the endangered species they encountered, reflecting Adams's unique blend of humor and environmental awareness. (1)

DEATH  Douglas Adams died on May 11, 2001, at the age of 49, from a heart attack in Santa Barbara, California. He was cremated and his ashes were placed in Highgate Cemetery in London. 

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Numerous adaptations of his work exist, including radio series, books, TV shows, movies, stage plays, and video games. He inspired generations of writers and comedians.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Adams created a timeless masterpiece in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, influencing pop culture and inspiring wonder and laughter in countless readers. He challenged established norms with his witty and thought-provoking stories, leaving a lasting mark on literature and humor.

Source (1) BBC

Ansel Adams

 NAME: Ansel Easton Adams (1902 – 1984)

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Master photographer whose stunning black-and-white images of the American West redefined landscape photography, emphasizing its artistic and environmental significance.

BIRTH: February 20, 1902, San Francisco, California.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: Ansel Adams' family background was initially one of prosperity. His paternal grandfather had established a thriving lumber business, but the family's fortunes waned after the Panic of 1907, exacerbated by his uncle's clandestine sale of company shares.

CHILDHOOD:  Adams' childhood was punctuated by several significant events.  At the age of four, he survived the devastating 1906 San Francisco earthquake, though an aftershock resulted in a broken nose that remained permanently crooked.  The following year, his family relocated to a new residence near the Seacliff neighborhood, affording them picturesque views of the Golden Gate and Marin Headlands.

Young Adams was described as hyperactive, often sickly, and prone to hypochondria.  

Ansel Adams developed a love for nature during family trips to Yosemite. He received his first camera at 12, sparking a lifelong passion for photography.

EDUCATION: Adams struggled in traditional school settings, being dismissed from multiple private institutions due to his restlessness and lack of focus.  Finally, at age twelve, his father made the decision to withdraw him from formal schooling altogether.  His education then took a more unconventional route.  He was homeschooled by a team of private tutors, his aunt Mary, and his father.  

A pivotal moment in his education came in 1915, when his father provided him with a year-long pass to the Panama-Pacific International Exposition.  This experience proved to be highly formative.  He ultimately completed his formal education at Mrs. Kate M. Wilkins Private School, graduating from the eighth grade on June 8, 1917.

CAREER RECORD: Adams became official photographer for the Sierra Club, capturing iconic images of Yosemite and other natural wonders.

He co-founded Group f/64, advocating for "pure" photography emphasizing sharpness and tonal range.

Adams developed the Zone System, a revolutionary method for achieving desired print results through precise exposure, development, and printing control.

He established his own gallery and published numerous photography books, gaining international recognition.

Adams advocated tirelessly for environmental conservation, using his images to inspire appreciation and protection of natural landscapes.

APPEARANCE: Adams was tall and lean, with piercing eyes and a serious expression. Often depicted in rugged outdoor clothing, reflecting his connection to nature.

Ansel Adams Photo by J. Malcolm Greany, c. 195

FASHION: Practical and functional attire suitable for outdoor excursions, though not averse to dressing formally for occasions.

CHARACTER: Driven, passionate, and deeply connected to nature. Adams was often described as meticulous, demanding, and uncompromising in his artistic pursuits. He possessed a dry wit and a deep appreciation for music and literature.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Known for his subtle and dry wit, often used to disarm or make pointed observations.

RELATIONSHIPS: He married Virginia Best, the daughter of a painter, in 1928; had two children, Michael and Anne; had many friends and colleagues among photographers, artists, writers, and environmentalists

MONEY AND FAME: Achieved financial success later in his career, but his primary motivation was not wealth but artistic expression and environmental advocacy.

FOOD AND DRINK: Adams enjoyed good food and wine, especially French cuisine, He liked to cook for his family and guests

MUSIC AND ARTS: A lifelong music enthusiast, playing piano and appreciating classical music. Adams had a broad interest in the arts, particularly literature and philosophy. He admired painters such as Paul Cézanne and Georgia O'Keeffe.

PHOTOGRAPHY Ansel Adams was the sort of chap who could make a mountain range look as majestic as a sunrise. His black-and-white snaps of the American West are the stuff of legend, sharp and detailed, with a range of tones that'd make a painter weep.

He was a bit of a rebel, too, joining a group of like-minded photographers called f/64. These folks were all about "pure" photography, meaning sharp focus and the full tonal range, no messing about. Together with a pal named Fred Archer, he cooked up a system called the Zone System, a way of controlling every aspect of a photo, from the moment the shutter clicked to the final print.

He wasn't content to just take pictures, though. He was a real mover and shaker in the world of photography. He helped found the photography department at the Museum of Modern Art, the magazine Aperture, and the Center for Creative Photography. He was a true pioneer, a visionary who helped shape the course of photography for generations to come.

Ansel Adams' Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico, one of the best-selling photographs of all time, was taken late in the afternoon on November 1, 1942, from the shoulder of U.S. Route 84-285.

Moonrise, Hernandez, New Mexico

LITERATURE: An avid reader, drawn to philosophical works and nature writing. His own writing explored photography, aesthetics, and environmental concerns.

NATURE: Adams deeply revered nature, finding inspiration and solace in its grandeur and delicate beauty. He dedicated his life to capturing its essence through photography.

Adams wasn't just a talented photographer; he was a passionate conservationist. His first camera was a gift at 14, and it sparked a lifelong love affair with Yosemite National Park. He spent much of his life working with the Sierra Club and the U.S. Department of the Interior, using his lens to capture the beauty of America's wild places and inspire people to protect them. For his efforts, he was even awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Hiking, camping, and exploring nature were favorite pastimes. Adams enjoyed classical music and playing piano.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: Adams appreciated the scientific understanding of light and optics necessary for photography, but his primary focus was artistic expression.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Adams explored philosophical questions through photography, reflecting on beauty, human connection to nature, and the importance of conservation. He wasn't religious and described himself as an agnostic or a humanist

SCANDAL: No major scandals marred his career, but his passionate advocacy for conservation sometimes generated controversy.

MILITARY RECORD: Did not serve in the military. He was exempted from service in World War II because of his age and family status

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Adams had an active lifestyle maintaining a strong health for most of his life. He suffered from arthritis later in life.

HOMES: He lived in San Francisco and Yosemite Valley during his early career, later settling in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.

TRAVEL: Extensively traveled throughout the American West, capturing diverse landscapes and promoting conservation efforts.

DEATH: He passed away on April 22, 1984 in the Intensive-care unit at the Community Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula in Monterey, California, at the age of 82.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Numerous documentaries and films explore Adams' life and work. His photographs are widely published and exhibited worldwide.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Adams revolutionized landscape photography, elevating it to an art form and inspiring generations of photographers. He played a crucial role in the environmental movement, raising awareness and appreciation for the natural world. His legacy continues to inspire photographers, conservationists, and nature lovers everywhere.

Abigail Adams

NAME Abigail Smith Adams

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Second First Lady of the United States, political commentator, advocate for women's rights and abolition, and an influential figure during the American Revolutionary period.

BIRTH Born on November 22, 1744, in Weymouth, Massachusetts.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Abigail was born into a prominent and well-educated family. Her father, William Smith, was a Congregational minister, and her mother, Elizabeth Quincy, came from a politically connected family in New England.

CHILDHOOD Despite growing up in a relatively privileged household, Abigail suffered from fragile health as a child. Her inquisitive nature and access to her family’s library led her to self-educate in history, literature, and political philosophy.

EDUCATION Abigail had no formal schooling but became highly educated through voracious reading and conversations with family members, particularly her maternal grandfather. Her writing skills and intellectual curiosity set her apart.

CAREER RECORD Abigail managed the Adams family farm during John Adams' long absences, proving herself resourceful and capable. She melted pewter for musket balls during the Revolutionary War and corresponded extensively with political leaders, providing commentary that would later shape her legacy as a political thinker.

APPEARANCE Abigail was described as petite, with sharp, intelligent eyes. Her warm demeanor was complemented by an air of quiet strength..

Abigail Adams

FASHION Practical and modest, Abigail preferred simple, sturdy clothing suited for the responsibilities of managing a household and farm, but she maintained a sense of refinement in her attire.

CHARACTER Abigail was strong-willed, highly principled, and deeply compassionate. Her forthrightness and ability to hold her own in political and philosophical discussions were admired by her contemporaries.

SPEAKING VOICE Her voice was described as firm but warm, reflecting her intelligence and nurturing nature.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Abigail had a dry, witty sense of humor, often showcased in her letters to John Adams and their children.

RELATIONSHIPS Her spirited intellect caught the eye of John Adams, a rising lawyer and they married on October 25, 1764. The wedding took place at the Smith family home in Weymouth, Massachusetts, and was presided over by Abigail's father, William Smith. After the ceremony, the newlywed couple mounted a single horse and rode to their new home, a saltbox house and farm that John had inherited from his father in Braintree, Massachusetts (now part of Quincy)

Though their families clashed, their love persevered, leading to a remarkable partnership defined by shared ideals and frequent separations due to John's political pursuits.

Abigail and John Adams shared a deep bond of love, respect, and intellectual partnership. They wrote over 1,100 letters to each other during their marriage. 

Her influence extended to her six children, especially her son John Quincy Adams, whom she guided in his political aspirations.

MONEY AND FAME While the Adams family was not wealthy, Abigail's resourcefulness and John's rising political career brought them relative financial security. Her fame grew posthumously due to her letters.

FOOD AND DRINK Abigail enjoyed preparing hearty, practical meals for her family, reflecting her New England roots. She was known to preserve food from the family farm to ensure self-sufficiency.

MUSIC AND ARTS She appreciated music and fine arts, though her access was limited by the demands of her daily life and the era in which she lived.

LITERATURE Abigail was an avid reader of classic and contemporary works, including those by Shakespeare and 18th-century political writers.

Her letters reveal a clear and articulate communication style. She was described as having a "vigorous and forthright tone" in her correspondence and Adams was not afraid to express her opinions boldly.  She was capable of discussing complex political and philosophical ideas,. 

In her letters to her son, Abigail employed a "motherly voice," which implies a warm and nurturing tone when speaking to her children and loved ones

NATURE Abigail found solace in gardening and often referenced the beauty of the Massachusetts countryside in her letters.

PETS The Adams family kept dogs and livestock, which Abigail tended to on the farm.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Her hobbies included gardening, knitting, and letter-writing, which she used to express her thoughts and maintain connections.

SCIENCE AND MATHS Though not formally educated in these areas, Abigail valued intellectual pursuits and was supportive of advancements in knowledge.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Adams's philosophical worldview was shaped by a providentialist perspective, viewing events in her family and the world as part of God's divine plan. She strongly advocated for moral education, believing it was crucial for both individual character development and the moral health of the nation. Influenced by her father's liberal Congregationalist teachings, she emphasized the importance of reason and morality over doctrines like predestination or original sin.

During her time in Europe, Adams broadened her intellectual horizons by exploring various forms of Christianity, including attending Universalist sermons in London. Her experiences abroad deepened her appreciation for the diversity of religious thought and reinforced her belief in the importance of individual conscience and personal interpretation of faith.

Towards the end of her life, Adams embraced Unitarianism. In a letter to her son, she explicitly stated her belief in "the Father alone, is the supreme God, and that Jesus Christ derived his Being, and all his powers and honors from the Father." This declaration signified a rejection of the traditional Christian doctrine of the Trinity, as she famously asserted, "There is not any reasoning which can convince me, contrary to my senses, that three is one, and one three." Adams emphasized that true religion was a deeply personal matter, arising "from the Heart, between Man and his creator," rather than imposed by external creeds or doctrines.

POLITICS Adams' theological and philosophical views deeply informed her social and political stances. She was a vocal advocate for women's rights, particularly in education and legal spheres. She also held strong anti-slavery beliefs and actively promoted the emancipation of enslaved people. Adams viewed Christian patriotism as essential for national independence, asserting that "A patriot without religion in my estimation is as great a paradox, as an honest Man without the fear of God."

She became a political observer long before women had the right to vote. A vocal advocate for women's rights and abolition, Abigail famously urged her husband to "remember the ladies" when drafting new laws for the fledgling United States.

Depiction of Abigail Adams thoughtfully writing her famous plea to "remember the ladies."

After John's presidency, Abigail continued to influence her son John Quincy Adams' political career. Her legacy extends far beyond her husband's achievements, solidifying her place as an intelligent, independent woman who dared to challenge societal norms.

SCANDAL Abigail faced criticism for her strong opinions, particularly regarding women’s rights and her support of her husband’s controversial Alien and Sedition Acts.

MILITARY RECORD She fiercely supported the American Revolution and managed her family farm during difficult times. Adams contributed to the war effort by supporting Revolutionary troops with supplies.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Abigail suffered from various illnesses throughout her life but remained active, particularly during her years managing the farm.

HOMES She lived in various homes, including the Adams family farm in Braintree, Massachusetts, and the White House, where she navigated living in its unfinished state.

TRAVEL Abigail accompanied John to Europe during his diplomatic missions, spending time in Paris and London, which broadened her worldview.

DEATH Abigail Adams died on October 28, 1818, at the age of 73, from typhoid fever in Quincy, Massachusetts.

Abigail Adams is buried in the family crypt located in the United First Parish Church in Quincy, Massachusetts. This church is also known as the "Church of the Presidents"

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Abigail has been portrayed in numerous books, films, and television series, often highlighting her role as an advisor and equal partner to John Adams.

ACHIEVEMENTS Abigail Adams’ legacy lies in her progressive views on women's rights, her vast correspondence offering a window into early American history, and her enduring influence as a political thinker and mother of a U.S. president.

Source FF2Media

Robert Adam

NAME Robert Adam

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Robert Adam was renowned for pioneering the Neoclassical architectural style in the 18th century. His innovative designs, meticulous attention to detail, and seamless integration of interior and exterior spaces set him apart as one of Britain's most celebrated architects.

BIRTH Robert Adam was born on July 3, 1728, in Kirkcaldy, Scotland.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Robert Adam was born on July 3, 1728, in Kirkcaldy, Scotland, into a family steeped in architectural heritage. His father, William Adam, was the most celebrated architect in Scotland at the time, serving as the master mason to the Board of Ordnance in North Britain.  Robert's lineage extended beyond his father, as his older brother John and younger brother James would both become collaborators in the family business.

CHILDHOOD Growing up in a family immersed in design, Robert frequently accompanied his father to construction sites. These experiences sparked his passion for architecture and honed his observational skills.

As a child, Robert Adam was noted as having a "feeble constitution" and his studies were frequently interrupted by illness

EDUCATION Robert's education mirrored his family's prominent status and reflected the values of the Scottish Enlightenment. He began his studies at the prestigious Royal High School in Edinburgh at the young age of six. Here, he received a rigorous classical education, focusing on Latin and delving into the works of Virgil, Horace, Sallust, Cicero, and Livy. By 15, he matriculated at Edinburgh University, where his curriculum encompassed Greek language, logic, metaphysics, and natural philosophy. He even had the opportunity to explore electives in mathematics and anatomy.

Sadly, Robert's academic pursuits were disrupted by the Jacobite rising of 1745, a political and military uprising in Scotland. This event, coupled with a subsequent illness, likely prevented him from completing his university degree. Despite this setback, Robert Adam's early life provided him with a strong foundation in the classics, philosophy, and science – all of which would prove invaluable in his architectural endeavors.

CAREER RECORD Robert Adam achieved fame through his unique architectural style, blending Greek and Roman influences to create a fresh aesthetic. He was known for iconic projects like Syon House in London and Culzean Castle in Scotland. His innovations extended to interior design, where he harmonized furniture, wallpaper, and architectural elements into cohesive works of art.

APPEARANCE Descriptions of Robert Adam suggest he had a composed and refined demeanor, with an air of confidence befitting a man of his creative genius.

Portrait attributed to George Willison

FASHION Adam embraced the elegant styles of the Georgian era, favoring tailored coats, cravats, and breeches that reflected his status as a gentleman and artist.

CHARACTER A perfectionist by nature, Robert Adam was deeply committed to his craft, often insisting on exact execution of his designs. He had a reputation for being detail-oriented and innovative, but also for having a strong, sometimes uncompromising personality.

SENSE OF HUMOR Robert Adam was known for his love of practical jokes. One of his most famous pranks involved painting the back of a dining chair with a trompe l'oeil design of a woman's petticoat, so that it appeared that anyone sitting in the chair had a skirt on. The prank was so convincing that guests at the dinner party were startled when they stood up and realized they were not wearing a skirt.

RELATIONSHIPS Robert Adam never married, but he had a close relationship with his brothers, James and John. In fact, the three of them worked together on many of their architectural projects, forming the firm of Adam Brothers. Robert was also known to have had many close friendships with fellow architects and artists of his time, including Sir Joshua Reynolds and Giovanni Battista Piranesi.

On one occasion, while working on a project in Edinburgh, Adam and his brother James decided to hold a costume ball in their unfinished building site. They transformed the space into a grand ballroom and invited over 500 guests, who arrived dressed in elaborate costumes. The event was a huge success and became one of the most talked-about parties of the season.

MONEY AND FAME Robert Adam achieved fame during his lifetime, earning commissions from aristocracy and royalty. His name became synonymous with sophistication and innovation in design.

In 1774 a public lottery was held to help avert bankruptcy for the Adam brothers due to financial difficulties.

FOOD AND DRINK Adam’s grand architectural events often featured lavish feasts and fine wine.

MUSIC AND ARTS Robert Adam had a keen interest in the arts, including painting, sculpture, and decorative arts.

Adam was a patron of the arts and had connections with musicians like Johann Christian Bach and Carl Friedrich Abel, commissioning their works for special occasions.

LITERATURE Adam was well-read and drew inspiration from classical texts, which he incorporated into his designs through motifs and iconography.

NATURE His designs often celebrated nature, incorporating motifs of flora and fauna into his interiors and gardens.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Adam was an avid traveler and enjoyed sketching and drawing in his leisure time, capturing architectural details from his surroundings.

SCIENCE AND MATHS Robert Adam’s architectural achievements reflect a deep understanding of geometry, engineering, and construction techniques.

ARCHITECTURE He was known for creating some seriously fancy buildings, like the grand Syon House in London and the extravagant Culzean Castle in Scotland. This dude was all about the details, and he loved to incorporate ornate carvings and intricate moldings into his designs.

Syon House By ChristianSW - Own work, Wikipedia

One thing that set Adam apart from other architects of his time was his focus on interior design. He was all about creating a cohesive look between the inside and outside of a building, and he designed everything from furniture to wallpaper to make sure it all looked totally badass.

And get this - Robert Adam was a bit of a trailblazer when it came to architecture. He wasn't content to just copy the styles of the past, he wanted to create something fresh and new. So he mixed up elements of different styles, like Greek and Roman architecture, to create his own unique aesthetic.

Here's a couple of anecdotes:

Robert Adam was once asked to design a summerhouse for the Duchess of Devonshire. When he presented his design, the Duchess complained that it was too plain and lacking in ornamentation. In response, Adam designed an elaborate structure with intricate carvings, ornate details, and a sculpture of the goddess Venus on the roof. When the Duchess complained that it was too expensive, Adam simply replied, "Madam, the Venus alone is worth the money."

Adam was a stickler for details and liked to supervise all aspects of his projects. One time, he visited a construction site and found that the stonemasons hadn't followed his plans exactly. So, he made them demolish the entire structure and start over again, which made the project's owner pretty mad.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Adam was brought up in the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, which was the predominant religion in the country at the time. However, he appears to have been fairly secular in his outlook, and there is no record of him being particularly devout or involved in religious organizations

POLITICS Politically, Adam lived during a time of great change and upheaval in Britain. He was born in Scotland at a time when there was significant political and social unrest, as many Scots sought greater autonomy and independence from England. However, Adam himself did not appear to be particularly politically active or outspoken, and there is no record of his involvement in any political movements or parties.

SCANDAL One of Adam’s most talked-about moments involved his insistence that a structure be demolished and rebuilt because the stonemasons hadn’t followed his designs exactly.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Plagued by stomach and bowel issues for much of his life, Adam’s health ultimately deteriorated, leading to his death in 1792.

HOMES: Robert Adam did not have a single home that he lived in throughout his life. As a successful and wealthy architect, he designed and built many grand houses for his clients, but he did not have a house that was exclusively his own.

Instead, Adam lived in various locations throughout his life. He spent much of his childhood in Edinburgh, where his family had a townhouse. As an adult, he primarily lived and worked in London, where he had an office and design studio. He also had a country house, known as Osterley Park, which he designed and built for Sir Francis Child, a wealthy banker.

TRAVEL In 1748, when Robert was 20 years old, his father took him on a grand tour of Europe. They visited France, Italy, and the Low Countries, where Robert was exposed to some of the most magnificent architecture and art in the world. This trip had a profound impact on Robert and would shape his future work.

He was an avid traveler and loved to explore new places and cultures, which no doubt influenced his work as an architect.

DEATH Robert Adam had been plagued by stomach and bowel issues for a considerable period, likely due to a peptic ulcer and irritable bowel syndrome. Sensing his impending demise, Adam composed his will on March 2, 1792. Since he never married, he bequeathed his estate to his sisters, Elizabeth Adam and Margaret Adam.

While he was at home at 11 Albemarle Street in London on March 1, 1792, one of his ulcers ruptured, and he passed away on March 3. 

A funeral was held on March 10, and Adam was interred in Westminster Abbey's south aisle. His clients, including the likes of Henry Scott, George Coventry, James Maitland, David Murray, Lord Frederick Campbell, and Sir William Pulteney, served as pallbearers.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Adam’s legacy continues to be celebrated in documentaries, books, and exhibitions focusing on Georgian architecture and design.

ACHIEVEMENTS Robert Adam’s innovative approach to architecture and interior design solidified his place as one of the most influential architects of his era, leaving a legacy that endures in some of Britain’s most iconic buildings.

Abraham

NAME Abraham (originally Abram)

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Known as the patriarch of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, Abraham is celebrated for his unwavering faith and obedience to God, his role in establishing monotheism, and his covenant with God.

BIRTH Born around 2000 BC in the city of Ur in Mesopotamia, located in present-day Iraq.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Abraham was the son of Terah, a wealthy merchant in Ur. His family was part of a polytheistic culture, but Abraham would become a pivotal figure in the development of monotheistic faiths.

CHILDHOOD Little is recorded about Abraham's childhood, but he likely grew up in the affluent and culturally advanced environment of Ur, exposed to trade, art, and early scientific advancements.

EDUCATION Abraham's early years would have included exposure to Mesopotamian traditions and possibly basic education in commerce and administration, given his family's status as merchants.

CAREER RECORD Abraham was a herdsman, leading a nomadic lifestyle. His leadership over his family and flocks demonstrated his organizational and relational skills.

APPEARANCE No physical descriptions exist, but traditional depictions show Abraham as a bearded elder with a commanding and gentle presence.

Abraham Banishment of Hagar and Ishmael by Guercino (1591–1666)

FASHION Abraham likely wore the typical attire of a nomadic herdsman: simple tunics, cloaks, and sandals suitable for travel and work.

CHARACTER Abraham is remembered for his humility, wisdom, hospitality, and deep trust in God's promises, even in the face of great personal sacrifice.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Though no specific instances highlight his humor, Abraham's interactions with God reveal a profound sense of reverence and trust, occasionally coupled with earnest questioning.

RELATIONSHIPS Abraham's life was profoundly shaped by his relationships, both with his family and with God. These connections formed the bedrock of his journey and his enduring legacy.

Abraham's relationship with God was central to his existence. God called him to leave his homeland and journey to Canaan, promising to make him the father of many nations. This covenant was characterized by unwavering obedience from Abraham, even when God's commands seemed perplexing or contradictory. God communicated directly with Abraham on multiple occasions, renewing His promises and guiding his path. Abraham's faith was tested rigorously, most notably when God asked him to sacrifice his son Isaac, a test of faith that Abraham ultimately passed.

The Angel Hinders the Offering of Isaac, by Rembrandt, 1635 

Abraham and his nephew Lot lived together in the land of Canaan. As their flocks grew, they began to experience conflicts between their herdsmen over grazing lands.

To resolve the issue, Abraham suggested that they separate, with Lot given the first choice of land. Lot chose the well-watered Jordan Valley, which was rich in vegetation and grazing lands, while Abraham settled in the land of Canaan.

However, Lot's choice proved to be a bad one, as the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were located in the Jordan Valley. These cities were notorious for their wickedness, and their inhabitants were known for their sins, including homosexuality and violence.

As a result, God decided to destroy the cities and their inhabitants, and He warned Abraham of His plan. Abraham pleaded with God to spare the cities if there were any righteous people living there. God agreed, and Abraham went to Sodom to find Lot and his family, hoping to save them before the destruction.

Abraham found Lot and his family living in Sodom, and he urged them to flee before the city was destroyed. Lot and his family hesitated, but the angels of God intervened and urged them to flee immediately. Lot and his family fled the city just before it was destroyed by fire and brimstone.

Abraham's relationship with his wife, Sarah, was a cornerstone of his life. They faced the challenges of infertility together, eventually welcoming Isaac miraculously through God's intervention. Abraham also fathered Ishmael with Hagar, Sarah's maidservant, which led to complexities within the family. Despite these challenges, Abraham demonstrated love and concern for both Ishmael and Isaac.

Beyond his immediate family, Abraham displayed generosity and care for his nephew Lot, rescuing him from captivity and interceding with God on behalf of the cities where Lot resided. 

After Sarah's death, Abraham married Keturah and had six more sons with her.

Servants: Abraham had a large household, including servants like Eliezer of Damascus.

MONEY AND FAME Abraham amassed great wealth in livestock, servants, and possessions, which was seen as a blessing from God.

FOOD AND DRINK Abraham likely consumed a typical diet of the time, including bread, dairy products, and meat, supplemented by fruits and grains.

MUSIC AND ARTS  Mesopotamian culture valued music, suggesting Abraham may have been familiar with traditional songs or instruments.

LITERATURE Abraham is a central figure in religious texts, including the Torah, Bible, and Quran, where his life and faith are chronicled.

In John Milton’s Paradise Lost, Abraham is referenced as a model of faith and obedience.

Kierkegaard’s philosophical work Fear and Trembling examines Abraham’s near-sacrifice of Isaac as an ultimate test of faith.

NATURE As a nomad, Abraham had a close connection to nature, traveling through deserts, mountains, and fertile lands, relying on the environment for survival.

PETS Abraham owned large herds of sheep and oxen, as well as donkeys and camels3. These animals were not pets but were essential for his livelihood and wealth.

Sacrificial Animals: Abraham used animals for religious purposes. For example, he was instructed by God to bring a heifer, a goat, a ram, a dove, and a young pigeon for a covenant ritual. These animals were used in sacrificial ceremonies and were not kept as companions.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Abraham's lifestyle involved herding and traveling, leaving little room for leisure, but he demonstrated hospitality and storytelling.

SCIENCE AND MATHS Living in an advanced society like Ur, Abraham may have had knowledge of Mesopotamian advancements in astronomy and mathematics.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Abraham's life and beliefs were pivotal in the development of monotheism and the Abrahamic faiths.

In a world dominated by polytheism, Abraham pioneered the belief in one supreme God, the creator of heaven and earth. He rejected idol worship, a radical departure from the prevailing religious norms of his time. This belief in a single, transcendent deity laid the foundation for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Abraham's faith was characterized by a unique, personal covenant relationship with God. He received direct divine communication and promises, establishing a profound connection with the divine. This covenant included promises of land, numerous descendants, and blessings for all nations through Abraham's lineage.

Abraham demonstrated strong faith and obedience to God's commands, even when they seemed illogical or difficult. Abraham's faith in God was so unwavering that he was willing to sacrifice his beloved son Isaac at God's command. But just as he raised the knife to obey, God stopped him and provided a ram in Isaac's place.

Abraham's beliefs extended beyond the concept of a single God. He recognized a God who was not only transcendent but also immanent and deeply concerned with human morality. His compassion and hospitality, as exemplified by his intercession for Sodom and Gomorrah, underscored this ethical dimension.

Abraham actively rejected prevalent religious practices of his time, such as child sacrifice and violence in the name of religion.

Abraham's religious philosophy has profoundly influenced religious thought and practice for millennia. He is revered as the father of faith in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and his life and teachings continue to inspire and shape religious beliefs and practices to this day.

Abraham pioneered the concept of monotheism, emphasizing faith and a covenantal relationship with God.

POLITICS He acted as a mediator and leader, resolving disputes with his nephew Lot and negotiating with God for the fate of Sodom and Gomorrah.

SCANDAL Abraham's decision to have a child with Hagar created family tension, highlighting the human complexity in his story.

MILITARY RECORD Abraham led a small force to rescue Lot from captivity, demonstrating strategic acumen and courage.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Abraham’s long life (175 years) is attributed to divine blessing, with no specific health issues recorded.

HOMES He lived a nomadic life, moving from Ur to Haran and then to Canaan, with temporary settlements along the way.

TRAVEL The biblical account of Abraham's life describes him as a nomadic figure who traveled extensively throughout the ancient Near East. Here's a summary of his key journeys:

From Ur to Haran: Abraham, originally from Ur in Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq), traveled with his family to Haran in northern Mesopotamia (modern-day Turkey).

From Haran to Canaan: God called Abraham to leave Haran and journey to the land of Canaan (modern-day Israel/Palestine). This marked a significant turning point in his life, as he embarked on a journey of faith and obedience to God's command.

Within Canaan: Abraham traveled extensively within Canaan, setting up camp in various locations, including Shechem, Bethel, Hebron, and Beersheba. He also traveled to Egypt during a period of famine.

Rescue of Lot: Abraham traveled to rescue his nephew Lot, who had been captured during a war between local kings.

These journeys were not merely physical displacements; they were integral to Abraham's spiritual and personal development. They represent his willingness to leave behind the familiar and embrace the unknown, guided by his faith in God's promises.

Abraham's Journey from Ur to Canaan, by József Molnár, 1850

DEATH Abraham died at the age of 175 and was buried in the Cave of Machpelah in Hebron, a site revered by many faiths.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA DEATH Abraham has been depicted in countless films, art, and literature, often symbolizing faith and obedience.

 Abraham has been a popular subject in Christian art. Famous depictions include:

The Sacrifice of Isaac by Caravaggio and Rembrandt, exploring his faith during the pivotal test.

Abraham's Journey from Ur to Canaan by József Molnár, showcasing his departure from Mesopotamia.

In The Bible (1966): Abraham is portrayed by George C. Scott in this epic retelling of biblical stories.

Abraham (1993) is a made-for-TV movie starring Richard Harris, focusing on his life and journey of faith.

The Bible Series (2013) is a miniseries that dramatizes key moments from Abraham’s life, including the near-sacrifice of Isaac.

The musical Children of Eden dramatize Abraham’s legacy within broader biblical narratives.

Composers like Benjamin Britten have drawn inspiration from biblical themes, including Abraham’s story, in their works.

ACHIEVEMENTS Fathered two major faith traditions through Isaac (Judaism and Christianity) and Ishmael (Islam).

Established the covenant of circumcision.

Recognized as a model of faith across Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Peter Abelard

NAME: Peter Abelard

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Renowned medieval philosopher, theologian, and logician; known for his contributions to scholasticism and his famous love affair with Héloïse.

BIRTH: Peter Abelard was born in 1079 in Le Pallet, Brittany, France.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: He came from a noble Breton family, and his father, Berengar, held a prominent position as a knight.

CHILDHOOD: Abelard displayed exceptional intellectual abilities from a young age and was drawn to the pursuit of knowledge.

EDUCATION: He studied dialectic and philosophy under Roscelin of Compiègne and William of Champeaux, which laid the foundation for his later career in theology and philosophy. He quickly gained a reputation for his sharp mind and critical thinking.

CAREER RECORD: Abelard's career was marked by his teaching at various schools and his philosophical debates that challenged prevailing theological doctrines of his time.

Established himself as a renowned teacher in Paris, attracting a large following of students.

Wrote influential philosophical and theological works, including "Sic et Non" and "Historia Calamitatum" (The Story of My Misfortunes).

Faced condemnation from Church authorities for some of his theological ideas.

Founded the Paraclete Abbey for Héloïse and her community.

APPEARANCE: Abelard was described as handsome and charismatic, with a commanding presence. Below is the Statue of Abelard at Louvre Palace in Paris by Jules Cavelier.

By Jastrow (Own work), Wikipedia

FASHION: He likely dressed in typical medieval academic attire, reflecting his status as a scholar.

CHARACTER: Abelard was known for his sharp intellect, audacity in questioning orthodox beliefs, and passionate pursuit of knowledge. He could be arrogant and controversial in his views.

SPEAKING VOICE Peter Abelard was renowned not only for his intellectual brilliance but also for the captivating power of his voice. His lectures, delivered with an unusually rich and resonant timbre, held audiences spellbound. Abelard was a master of rhetoric, his eloquence and clarity of speech making even the most complex philosophical arguments accessible and compelling. This vocal mastery undoubtedly contributed significantly to his fame as a teacher and orator.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Abelard was known for his charm, sharp wit and intellectual humor.

RELATIONSHIPS: He is most famous for his romantic relationship with Héloïse, a brilliant scholar and abbess, which ultimately resulted in scandal and tragedy.

In 1113 Abelard bounced to Laon in northern France to listen to Anselm of Canterbury's lectures on Biblical exegesis and Christian doctrine at the cathedral school there. But he thought Anselm was wack, so he started giving his own lectures on the Old Testament book of Ezekiel. Anselm shut that down, so Abelard went back to Paris and became the master of the cathedral school at Notre Dame.

While he was there, Abelard fell head over heels for one of his students, Héloïse, who was way younger than him. They got secretly hitched, but then they got caught after their son Astrolabe was born. Abelard convinced Héloïse to become a nun, and her uncle Fulbert thought Abelard had abandoned her, so he had him castrated. Ouch!

Abelard became a monk at St. Denis near Paris and continued his controversial teachings. Héloïse became a nun at Argenteuil, but eventually became abbess of the convent at the Paraclete.

MONEY AND FAME: Abelard was not known to have accumulated great wealth.

His vocal abilities, combined with his vivacious personality and handsome appearance, made him the "idol of Paris." Pupils flocked to him from all over Europe.

FOOD AND DRINK: Details of his dietary preferences are not well-documented, but he likely adhered to the customary diet of his time.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Abelard had a profound interest in music and composed hymns and religious songs.

LITERATURE: Abelard wrote extensively on theology, ethics, and logic, leaving behind a rich corpus of philosophical works.

Abelard wrote a book called Sic Et Non, which talked about the relationship between faith and reason. He got in trouble for it and had to move to Nogent-sur-Seine. He lived there as a hermit and taught students. He also founded an oratory called the Paraclete.

Abelard became abbot of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuis in 1125, and Héloïse became the abbess of the Paraclete. They started writing letters to each other and their exchange became a classic of romantic correspondence.

Abelard and Héloïse in a manuscript of the Roman de la Rose (14th century)

Abelard wrote an autobiography called Historia Calamitatum, which was one of the first of its kind in medieval Western Europe. He died in 1142 from a combination of fever and scurvy. Abelard's remains were buried at St. Marcel, but were later moved to the Paraclete with Héloïse.

Abelard's book Sic Et Non became famous throughout Western Europe, and his story with Héloïse was sung by minstrels and troubadours in the Middle Ages. Josephine Bonaparte was so moved by their story that she ordered their remains to be buried together at Pere Lachaise cemetery in Paris. 

NATURE: Abelard's writings did not focus extensively on nature, although he engaged deeply with philosophical inquiries into the natural world.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Abelard's primary pursuits were intellectual and scholarly, leaving little room for leisurely hobbies or sports.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: His philosophical inquiries often intersected with questions related to science and mathematics of his time.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY:  Abelard was a key figure in the development of Scholasticism, a philosophical movement that sought to reconcile faith and reason.

His ideas on universals (the nature of general categories) and the role of reason in theology sparked controversy.

SCANDAL: Abelard's scandalous affair with Héloïse, which resulted in their separation and subsequent tragic lives, became a notorious episode in medieval history.

MILITARY RECORD: Abelard chose a scholarly path over a military career.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Details of his physical health are scarce, although he lived a tumultuous life marked by personal and professional challenges.

HOMES: Abelard lived and taught in various locations throughout France, including Paris, Laon, and Nogent-sur-Seine. He spent his final years at the Abbey of Cluny.

TRAVEL: His travels were primarily motivated by academic pursuits and teaching engagements across medieval Europe.

DEATH: Peter Abelard died from a combination of fever and a skin disorder, most likely scurvy on April 21, 1142.  His final days were spent at the Priory of Saint-Marcel near Chalon-sur-Saône, France.  According to some accounts, his final words were "I don't know," a poignant reflection for a man who had dedicated his life to learning and philosophical inquiry.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Abelard's book Sic Et Non became famous throughout Western Europe, and his story with Héloïse was sung by minstrels and troubadours in the Middle Ages. Josephine Bonaparte was so moved by their story that she ordered their remains to be buried together at Pere Lachaise cemetery in Paris. 

ACHIEVEMENTS: His enduring legacy lies in his contributions to medieval philosophy and theology, particularly his method of logical analysis and his challenge to orthodox theological doctrines, which continue to influence intellectual discourse to this day.

Peter Abelard died from a combination of fever and a skin disorder, most likely scurvy on April 21, 1142.  His final days were spent at the Priory of Saint-Marcel near Chalon-sur-Saône, France.  According to some accounts, his final words were "I don't know," a poignant reflection for a man who had dedicated his life to learning and philosophical inquiry.