Friday 26 April 2024

Index

Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Robert Browning
Elizabeth Browning
Emily Brontë
Charlotte Brontë
Johannes Brahms
Boudicca
William Booth
Simon Bolivar
Anne Boleyn
William Blake
Otto Von Bismarck
Saint Bernadette
Ingrid Bergman
Karl Benz
Jeremy Bentham
E. F. Benson
St. Benedict of Nursia
Pope Benedict XVI
Saul Bellow
Hilaire Belloc
Alexander Graham Bell
Isabella Beeton
Ludwig van Beethoven
Henry Ward Beecher
Catherine Beecher
The Venerable Bede
David Beckham
Samuel Beckett
Thomas Becket
Boris Becker
Sidney Bechet
Warren Beatty
John Bartram
Clara Barton
Karl Barth
J. M. Barrie
P. T. Barnum
Thomas John Barnardo
Brigitte Bardot
Samuel Barber
Saint Barbara
Joseph Banks
Lucille Ball
Arthur Balfour
Stanley Baldwin
Josephine Baker
John Logie Baird
Douglas Bader
Robert Baden-Powell
Roger Bacon
Francis Bacon
Johann Sebastian Bach
Lauren Bacall
Charles Babbage
Gladys Aylward
Gene Autry
Jane Austen
Marcus Aurelius
Augustus
St. Augustine of Canterbury
St. Augustine of Hippo
Saint Audrey
Clement Attlee
Attila the Hun
Charles Atlas
Rowan Atkinson
Æthelstan
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
John Jacob Astor
Fred Astaire
H. H. Asquith
Isaac Asimov
Ashoka the Great
Laura Ashley
Francis Asbury
King Arthur
Chester A. Arthur
Benedict Arnold
Neil Armstrong
Louis Armstrong
Lance Armstrong
Edwin Howard Armstrong
Giorgio Armani
Aristotle
Aristophanes
Elizabeth Arden
Archimedes
Jeffrey Archer
Yasser Arafat
Thomas Aquinas
Johnny Appleseed
Marcus Gavius Apicius
Mark Antony
Susan B. Anthony
Anthony of Padua
Anthony the Great
Anselm of Canterbury
Saint Ansgar
Anne, Queen of Great Britain
Anne, Princess Royal
Anne Of Cleves
Maya Angelou
Saint Andrew
Prince Andrew, Duke of York
Hans Christian Anderson
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
Roald Amundsen
Idi Amin
Saint Ambrose
Isabel Allende
Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby
Woody Allen
Muhammad Ali
Alfred The Great
Alexandra of Denmark
Cecil Frances Alexander
Alexander the Great
Alexander II of Russia
Alexander I of Russia
Buzz Aldrin
Alcuin of York
Louisa Alcott
Prince Albert
Akhenaten
Aidan of Lindisfarne
Saint Agnes of Rome
Andre Agassi
Æthelwulf, King of Wessex
Aesop
Ælfric of Eynsham
Pope Adrian IV
Adele
Joseph Addison
John Quincy Adams
John Adams
Douglas Adams
Ansel Adams
Abigail Adams
Robert Adam
Abraham
Peter Abelard

Just Added

NAME: Ingrid Bergman (She was named after Princess Ingrid of Sweden).

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Renowned Swedish actress known for her versatile performances in classic films such as Casablanca, Notorious, and Gaslight.

BIRTH: Ingrid Bergman was born on August 29, 1915, in Stockholm, Sweden.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: She was the daughter of Justus Samuel Bergman, a photographer, and Frieda Adler Bergman, an artist and homemaker. Her family had artistic inclinations, which influenced her interest in acting from a young age.

CHILDHOOD: Ingrid experienced significant loss early on. When she was three years of age, her mother died. Her father passed away when she was thirteen. After his death, she was then sent to live with her paternal aunt, who died of heart complications only six months later. Ingrid then lived with her paternal uncle Otto and his wife Hulda, who had five children of their own.


Ingrid Bergman aged 14

Despite the hardships, Ingrid developed a love for the performing arts. She often participated in school plays and amateur theater productions.

EDUCATION: Ingrid attended the Royal Dramatic Theatre School in Stockholm, where she honed her acting skills and began her journey towards a successful career in acting.

Bergman possessed proficiency in multiple languages: Swedish (her mother tongue), German (learned from her German mother and in school), English (acquired upon her move to the United States), Italian (picked up during her time in Italy), and French (learned in school). Furthermore, she showcased her linguistic versatility by acting in each of these languages at different points in her career.

CAREER RECORD: Bergman's career spanned several decades and included numerous critically acclaimed performances on stage, screen, and television. She won three Academy Awards for Best Actress and is remembered as one of the greatest actresses of Hollywood's Golden Age. Here's her resume:

Began her career in Swedish films, gaining recognition for her natural charm and talent.

Hollywood breakthrough came in the 1939 remake of Intermezzo.

Throughout the 1940s and 50s, she delivered iconic performances in films like Casablanca, Gaslight (winning her first Academy Award), Notorious, Joan of Arc, and Anastasia (winning her second Academy Award).

Collaborated with renowned directors like Alfred Hitchcock, George Cukor, and Roberto Rossellini.

Faced public scandal in the 1950s for her relationship with Rossellini, but her talent and determination prevailed.

Continued to act in films and on stage throughout her career, winning numerous accolades.

APPEARANCE: Ingrid Bergman was known for her natural beauty, with striking features and an elegant presence that captivated audiences. She had a classic, timeless appeal that contributed to her success as a leading lady in Hollywood.

Press release publicity photo of Ingrid Bergman for film Gaslight (1944). 

FASHION: Ingrid Bergman was a style icon whose influence transcended the silver screen. Known for her elegant and timeless looks, she embodied a sophisticated yet approachable aesthetic. Here are some hallmarks of her signature style:

Bergman favored well-tailored suits and dresses that accentuated her figure. She often opted for classic cuts with clean lines, creating a look that was both polished and powerful.

Even in her most glamorous roles, Bergman never appeared overdressed. She preferred to keep accessories simple and let the quality of the garments speak for themselves.

Bergman could effortlessly adapt her style to suit the character she was portraying. From the sophisticated Ilsa Lund in Casablanca to the downtrodden Paula Alquist in Gaslight, her clothing choices were always believable and purposeful.

CHARACTER: She was known for her intelligence, determination, and professionalism both on and off-screen. Bergman was highly respected by her peers for her dedication to her craft and her commitment to delivering authentic performances.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: While Bergman was known for her seriousness in her roles, she had a playful and witty side in her personal life. She enjoyed sharing jokes and anecdotes with friends and colleagues.

RELATIONSHIPS: Bergman had several high-profile relationships throughout her life, including three marriages.

In 1937, Ingrid Bergman married dentist Petter Lindström. However, twelve years later, she faced a public scandal due to her affair with Italian director Roberto Rossellini during the filming of Stromboli. This controversy compelled her to return to Europe. Shortly after the release of the film, she gave birth to a son, Robertino. Within a week of his birth, she divorced Dr. Lindstrom and married Rossellini in Mexico. For the following seven years, Bergman resided in Italy until their divorce in 1957.

On December 21, 1958, Bergman wed Lars Schmidt, a theatrical entrepreneur hailing from a prominent Swedish shipping family. She met Schmidt through her publicist, Kay Brown. Their marriage lasted almost two decades before they divorced in 1975. 

Despite the ups and downs of her personal life, Bergman remained dedicated to her career and family.

MONEY AND FAME: Ingrid Bergman achieved both wealth and fame during her illustrious career, becoming one of the most recognizable and respected actresses in Hollywood history. She commanded high salaries for her acting roles.

FOOD AND DRINK: Bergman enjoyed simple and healthy meals, often incorporating fresh fruits and vegetables into her diet. She also had a fondness for Swedish cuisine, particularly traditional dishes like gravlax and meatballs.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Bergman had a deep appreciation for music and the arts, often attending concerts, operas, and art exhibitions in her free time. She also enjoyed playing the piano and painting as creative outlets.

Imagine a time before Netflix binges and superhero flicks. A time when movie stars were glamorous and shrouded in a bit of mystery. Ingrid Bergman? That was one such legend. This Swedish firecracker was tearing up the silver screens back home when Hollywood came knocking, offering her a one-way ticket to Intermezzo (the American remake, not the Swedish one, though she was in that too, because why not?).

Now, Bergman wasn't exactly known for her on-set speed. In fact, her nickname among the crew was "Betterlater" because, well, she apparently wasn't always on point in those first takes. But hey, practice makes perfect, and Bergman certainly perfected her craft.

Over the next few decades, she flitted between Hollywood and Europe, dazzling audiences in classics like Casablanca (though truth be told, she wasn't a huge fan of that one herself – funny how fame works). Unlike some actors who are typecast, Bergman bounced between genres like a champion ping pong player. One minute she's fighting Nazis in For Whom the Bell Tolls, the next she's getting psychoanalyzed by Gregory Peck in Spellbound.


LITERATURE: Bergman was an avid reader and had a particular fondness for classic literature, often citing authors such as Shakespeare, Chekhov, and Tolstoy as influences on her work.

NATURE: Bergman found solace and inspiration in nature, often retreating to quiet countryside retreats to recharge and reconnect with the natural world.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: In addition to acting, Bergman enjoyed gardening, hiking, and horseback riding. She also had a passion for skiing and often spent time on the slopes during the winter months.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: While Bergman's career focused primarily on the arts, she had a curious mind and maintained an interest in science and mathematics throughout her life.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Bergman had a deep spiritual side and explored philosophical and theological themes in both her personal life and her work as an actress.

POLITICS; Regarding Nazis, Bergman had a bit of a…misjudgment there. Apparently, she initially wrote Hitler and his cronies off as a passing fad, a bit like a bad case of the sniffles. Let's just say her perspective changed a tad when World War II rolled around.

SCANDAL: Bergman faced controversy in her personal life, particularly regarding her relationship with director Roberto Rossellini, which led to a temporary exile from Hollywood. Her divorce from Dr. Lindstrom in 1950 to marry Roberto Rossellini was so scandalous a US Senator proposed a bill that would require films to be rated not just for on screen content, but the moral character of the actors involved as well. However, she ultimately made a triumphant return and continued to receive acclaim for her performances.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Bergman maintained a healthy lifestyle throughout her life, prioritizing exercise, proper nutrition, and self-care to ensure she remained fit and energetic.

Bergman became a smoker after needing to smoke for her role in the 1948 film Arch of Triumph.

HOMES: Ingrid Bergman's life took her to various corners of the world, and her homes reflected her diverse experiences. Here's a glimpse into some of her residences:

Stockholm, Sweden: Bergman grew up in a Stockholm apartment, where her passion for acting likely blossomed.

Hollywood Hills: During her Hollywood heyday, Bergman resided in a luxurious home in the Hollywood Hills. This residence undoubtedly reflected the glamour associated with her movie star status.

Stromboli, Italy: After her relationship with Roberto Rossellini sparked a scandal, they settled on the volcanic island of Stromboli, Italy. Here, they embraced a more rustic lifestyle.

Paris, France: Bergman eventually settled in Paris, France, where she lived for many years. This sophisticated European city likely offered a sense of peace and privacy.

TRAVEL: Bergman traveled extensively for both work and pleasure, exploring different cultures and landscapes around the world. Her travels influenced her worldview and enriched her performances as an actress.

DEATH: Ingrid Bergman passed away on August 29, 1982, in London, England, at the age of 67.  She had been battling breast cancer for several years. Her body was cremated at Kensal Green Cemetery, London and her ashes taken to Sweden. Bergman's death marked the end of an era for cinema, leaving behind a rich legacy of unforgettable performances.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Bergman's life and work have been celebrated in numerous biographies, documentaries, and retrospectives, highlighting her contributions to the world of cinema and her enduring impact on popular culture.


ACHIEVEMENTS: Ingrid Bergman's achievements extend far beyond her impeccable fashion sense and worldly travels. Here are some of her most notable accomplishments:

Academy Award wins: Bergman is one of the most decorated actresses of all time, having won three Academy Awards for Best Actress (Gaslight, Anastasia, and murder On The Orient Express).

Pioneering roles: She played a pivotal role in portraying strong and complex female characters on screen, breaking away from traditional stereotypes.

International stardom: Bergman achieved international fame and recognition, captivating audiences worldwide with her talent and beauty.

Enduring legacy: Her influence on cinema continues to inspire generations of actors and filmmakers.



NAME: Karl Benz

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Inventor of the first practical automobile powered by an internal combustion engine.

BIRTH: Karl Benz was born on November 25, 1844, in Mühlburg, in the Grand Duchy of Baden (now part of Germany).

FAMILY BACKGROUND: He was born to a locomotive driver, Johann George Benz, and Josephine Vaillant, a housewife. His father's occupation likely influenced his interest in machinery and engines from an early age.

CHILDHOOD: When he was two years old, his father died of pneumonia and Karl was raised by his widowed mother in near poverty.

Growing up in a working-class family, Karl was exposed to the world of machinery and engineering from a young age. He showed an early interest in mechanical devices and often tinkered with various gadgets.

EDUCATION: Benz attended the local Grammar School in Karlsruhe and later studied at the Poly-Technical University in Karlsruhe, where he developed his skills in engineering.

CAREER RECORD: After completing his education, Benz worked as a draftsman in various firms before founding his own company, Benz & Cie., which later became Mercedes-Benz. Here's his resume:

1864-1866: Worked as a fitter at Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe.

1866-1870: Worked as a draftsman and designer at Waagen- und Maschinenfabrik Schweizer.

1871: Co-founded Iron Foundry and Machine Factory (later Benz & Cie.) with August Ritter.

1885: Built the Benz Patent Motorwagen, considered the first practical modern automobile.

1886: Received a patent for the Motorwagen.

Continued developing and refining automobiles throughout his career.

APPEARANCE: Benz was described as a tall, imposing figure with a prominent jawline and piercing eyes. He often dressed in formal attire, reflecting his status as a successful businessman.

Abb. 1. Carl Benz, der Erfinder des Automobils

FASHION: Benz preferred traditional and conservative attire, typically wearing suits and ties befitting his role as an entrepreneur.

CHARACTER: Benz was known for his determination, innovation, and entrepreneurial spirit. He was driven by a desire to create groundbreaking inventions that would revolutionize transportation. Benz faced financial difficulties and skepticism about his automotive ideas but never gave up.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: While Benz was focused on his work, he was known to have a dry wit and enjoyed sharing jokes with close friends and colleagues.

RELATIONSHIPS: Benz married Bertha Ringer on July 20, 1872. Bertha was a strong supporter of his work and famously took his car on a long-distance journey to prove its practicality.

They had five children: Eugen (1873), Richard (1874), Clara (1877), Thilde (1882), and Ellen (1890)., 

MONEY AND FAME: Karl Benz initially faced financial struggles while developing his automobile. That first Motorwagen set eager drivers back a cool $1,000 – a hefty price tag for a machine that likely rattled more windows than it impressed. Still, Benz persevered, and in those first five years, he managed to sell a whopping 69 cars. Not exactly a production line humming with activity, but a start nonetheless. 

He later achieved both wealth and fame through his groundbreaking inventions, particularly the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, which is widely regarded as the world's first automobile.

His company, Benz & Cie., ., based in Mannheim, became a giant in the auto industry, eventually merging with Daimler to form the Mercedes-Benz empire we know today.

FOOD AND DRINK: Benz preferred simple, hearty meals, typical of the German cuisine of his time. He enjoyed traditional dishes such as sausages, potatoes, and beer.

MUSIC AND ARTS: While Benz appreciated music and the arts, his passion lay primarily in the field of engineering and invention.

LITERATURE: Benz had a keen interest in literature, particularly scientific and technical publications that could further his understanding of engineering principles.

NATURE: Despite his busy schedule, Benz enjoyed spending time outdoors, particularly in the countryside, where he found inspiration for his inventions.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: In his leisure time, Benz enjoyed gardening and tinkering with mechanical devices. He also had a passion for horseback riding and hunting.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: Benz excelled in the fields of science and mathematics, applying his knowledge to the design and construction of his pioneering automobiles.

INVENTIONS Karl Benz wasn't exactly the type to win the Indy 500. In the late 1870s, this German fellow was tinkering away with a two-stroke engine, the kind of thing that would make your average lawnmower sound like a purring kitten. But Benz wasn't aiming for manicured meadows. He had a grander vision, and in 1885, he squeezed his puny petrol engine into a three-wheeled carriage, thus birthing the granddaddy of all automobiles – or, as it was probably called back then, the "putt-putt that doesn't need a horse." 

On January 29, 1886 Karl Benz received the patent for his "horseless carriage" - the first car with an internal combustion engine.

This marvel of engineering, the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, was unveiled in all its glory on July 3, 1886. It was revolutionary, sure, but revolutionary slow. We're talking speeds that would make a snail raise an eyebrow. But hey, it was a start! And who needs breakneck velocity when you have the thrill of a brand new invention that doesn't require oats and a stable?

A photograph of the original Benz Patent-Motorwagen, first built in 1885

Benz wasn't just about horseless carriages. He was also the guy who brought us the first motorized lorry in 1895, proving his engine wasn't just for leisurely (and smelly) Sunday drives

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: While Benz was primarily focused on his scientific pursuits, he held a deep respect for philosophy and theology, viewing them as complementary to his work.

SCANDAL: Benz's career was relatively free from scandal, although he faced challenges and controversies from competitors and detractors who doubted the viability of his automobile designs.

MILITARY RECORD: Benz did not have a notable military record, as his talents were primarily focused on engineering rather than military service.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Despite the demanding nature of his work, Benz maintained good health throughout much of his life, thanks to regular exercise and a balanced diet.

HOMES: Benz lived in various locations throughout his life, including Karlsruhe and Mannheim, where he established his engineering workshops.

The Carl-Benz-Gymnasium Ladenburg in Ladenburg, where he lived until his death, is named in his honor.

TRAVEL: While Benz traveled extensively for business purposes, particularly to promote his automobiles, he also enjoyed leisure travel with his family.

Now, Benz wasn't one to just putter around his own driveway. His wife, Bertha, a woman who clearly wasn't afraid of a little adventure (and possibly looking to escape the fumes), took the Motorwagen on a rather grand trip n August 5, 1888. We're talking over 100 kilometres – a daring feat in a contraption that coughed more than a smoker with a head cold. This little joyride of Bertha's is now celebrated as the Bertha Benz Memorial Route, a testament to both her adventurous spirit and the fact that someone probably needed a good whiff of fresh air after spending too much time around Karl's invention.

DEATH: Karl Benz passed away on April 4, 1929, aged 84, in Ladenburg, Germany, leaving behind a legacy of innovation and entrepreneurship that continues to inspire engineers and inventors to this day.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Benz's life and inventions have been celebrated in numerous books, films, and documentaries, highlighting his contributions to the automotive industry and technological innovation.

In 2011, a dramatized television film about the life of Carl and Bertha Benz was made named Carl & Bertha which premiered on May 11. 

ACHIEVEMENTS: Karl Benz's most significant achievement was the development of the Benz Patent-Motorwagen in 1885, widely regarded as the world's first automobile powered by an internal combustion engine. His innovative designs laid the foundation for the modern automotive industry and revolutionized transportation worldwide.