WHAT FAMOUS FOR William Byrd is famous for being an English composer of the Renaissance era, known for his sacred and secular music, including motets, masses, madrigals, and keyboard works.
BIRTH William Byrd was born in 1539/40 in London, England.
FAMILY BACKGROUND Byrd came from a musical family; his father, Thomas Byrd, was a gentleman of the Chapel Royal. He had siblings, including a brother, John Byrd, who was also a musician.
CHILDHOOD Byrd's childhood was immersed in music due to his family's background. His early exposure to the Chapel Royal's music shaped his future career.
EDUCATION Byrd was a pupil of Thomas Tallis and was a chorister at the Chapel Royal, where he received his musical education. He later served as organist and master of the choristers at Lincoln Cathedral.
CAREER RECORD 1563: Appointed organist and master of the choristers at Lincoln Cathedral.
1572: Became a Gentleman of the Chapel Royal in London, sharing organist duties with Thomas Tallis.
1575: Granted a joint monopoly with Tallis for music printing and publishing by Queen Elizabeth I.
1585 After Tallis's death in 1585, Byrd published four collections of his own music and wrote three masses at the estate of his patron, Sir John Petre.
Active throughout his life: Composed sacred and secular music in various forms, including keyboard works, madrigals, and church music.
APPEARANCE Descriptions of Byrd's physical appearance are absent from historical records.
An undated etching of Byrd by Gerard Vandergucht
FASHION Byrd would have worn the typical attire of an Elizabethan gentleman, including doublets, ruffs, and hose, often made of luxurious fabrics and adorned with lace.
CHARACTER Byrd was known for his devout Catholic faith, resilience, and commitment to his art, even in the face of religious persecution.
SENSE OF HUMOUR There is little documentation on Byrd's sense of humour, but his close relationships with other musicians suggest he was sociable and amiable.
RELATIONSHIPS Byrd married Juliana Birley from Lincolnshire on September 14, 1568, at St Margaret-in-the-Close, Lincoln. At the time, Byrd was serving as the organist and master of choristers at Lincoln Cathedral.
They had seven children Christopher (born 1569), Elizabeth (born around 1572), Rachel (born around 1573), Mary and Catherine (dates unknown), twins Thomas and Edward (born around 1576).
Thomas, one of the twins, was named after his godfather Thomas Tallis (Byrd's mentor) and was the only one of Byrd's children to become a musician
He maintained close professional relationships with Thomas Tallis and other contemporaries.
MONEY AND FAME Despite the political and religious turmoil of his time, Byrd achieved significant fame and financial success, securing royal patronage and publishing numerous influential works.
In spite of repeated citations for recusancy and heavy fines, he died a wealthy man.
FOOD AND DRINK Details of Byrd's dietary preferences are not well-documented, but as a court musician, he likely enjoyed access to the rich and varied cuisine of the Elizabethan era.
MUSIC AND ARTS Byrd's contributions to music were vast, spanning sacred and secular genres. He was a master of polyphony and his works are still celebrated today.
William Byrd was basically England's rockstar composer back in the 1500s. Think David Bowie with a ruff and a penchant for harpsichords.
Byrd's music? It was everywhere. Church hymns that could make a sinner weep. Lively jigs that'd have you tapping your foot faster than a trained pigeon. And those madrigals? Pure Elizabethan earworms, guaranteed to get stuck in your head for weeks.
Byrd's legacy? It's like that old stain on the palace carpet – impossible to ignore. He basically soundtracked the Elizabethan era, and his influence stretched far and wide. From England to Europe, composers were humming Byrd's tunes and trying (and failing) to recapture his magic.
LITERATURE While primarily known for his music, Byrd lived in a literary-rich era and would have been familiar with contemporary works, including those of Shakespeare and Spenser.
Byrd's published works include Psalms, Sonets, & Songs (1588), Songs of Sundrie Natures (1589), and two books of Cantiones sacrae (1589 and 1591).
NATURE Byrd's rural home in Stondon Massey may have provided a tranquil environment for composition.
HOBBIES AND SPORTS Byrd's primary hobby was likely music. Records do not indicate participation in sports, but he might have enjoyed leisurely pastimes common among Elizabethan gentlemen.
SCIENCE AND MATHS Byrd's intricate compositions suggest a strong understanding of mathematical principles, particularly in music theory.
PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Byrd was a devout Catholic, and his faith profoundly influenced his music, especially his sacred compositions.
POLITICS Byrd navigated the complex political landscape of Elizabethan England, maintaining his Catholic faith despite the Protestant Reformation and political pressures.
SCANDAL Byrd faced potential scandal due to his Catholic faith in Protestant England, but his talent and royal connections often shielded him from severe repercussions. He evaded persecution only due to his acknowledged excellence as a composer.
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Details on Byrd's health and physical fitness are scarce, but he lived to an old age for his time, suggesting relatively good health.
HOMES Byrd lived in various locations, including London and Stondon Massey in Essex, where he owned Stondon Place and lived during his later years.
TRAVEL Byrd likely traveled within England for his duties and performances but did not travel extensively abroad.
DEATH William Byrd died of heart failure on July 4, 1623, in Stondon Massey, Essex. His death was noted in the Chapel Royal Check Book, describing him as "a Father of Musick."
APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Byrd's life and works have been the subject of scholarly research, books, and documentaries, highlighting his contributions to Renaissance music.
ACHIEVEMENTS Considered one of England's greatest composers.
Pioneered the development of the English madrigal.
Elevated the status of English keyboard music.
Composed a vast and influential musical repertoire.
WHAT FAMOUS FOR George W. Bush served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009.
He led the country’s response to the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001 and initiated the Iraq War in 2003.
BIRTH George Walker Bush was born on July 6, 1946, at Grace-New Haven Hospital (now Yale–New Haven Hospital) in New Haven, Connecticut.
FAMILY BACKGROUND George W. Bush is the eldest son of George H. W. Bush, the 41st President of the United States, and Barbara Pierce Bush. He comes from a prominent political family with deep roots in public service. Both George W. Bush and his father share the middle name "Walker."
CHILDHOOD Bush spent much of his childhood in Midland and Houston, Texas. He was head cheerleader in high school and enjoyed an active social life. His upbringing in a politically engaged family significantly influenced his later career.
EDUCATION Bush graduated from Yale University with a degree in history in 1968. He then earned an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1975, making him the only U.S. president to hold an MBA.
CAREER RECORD George Walker Bush, a man of many hats and even more adventures, took to the skies in his twenties, piloting warplanes for the Texas Air National Guard. After a stint at Harvard Business School, where he graduated in 1975, he dabbled in the oil industry, a fitting endeavor for a Texan. Not one to be confined to a single career, Bush co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before stepping into the political arena as the governor of Texas in 1994. He served as the Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000 before being elected President of the United States in 2000 and re-elected in 2004.
APPEARANCE Bush is known for his Texan charm and often sports a casual style with cowboy boots and hats. He stands about 6 feet tall with a robust build and a distinctive grin.
Official photograph portrait of former U.S. President George W. Bush.
FASHION Bush’s fashion sense is a blend of formal suits for official duties and casual Texan attire for personal engagements.
CHARACTER Bush is often described as charismatic, decisive, and determined. His leadership style was marked by a direct approach and a focus on loyalty and personal relationships.
SENSE OF HUMOUR He is known for his folksy, self-deprecating humor, often using it to connect with people during speeches and public appearances.
RELATIONSHIPS Bush was engaged to Cathryn Lee Wolfman in 1967, but the engagement did not last.
George W Bush first met Laura Welch in July 1977 at a barbecue hosted by mutual friends, Joe and Jan O'Neill. George was immediately attracted to Laura, saying he felt "heart palpitations" when he saw her blue eyes. Laura, for her part, thought George was "cute" and appreciated that he liked to talk while she liked to listen.
After dating for a few months, George proposed to Laura at her rental house in Austin, where she was working as a teacher. Laura accepted immediately, saying she "didn't have to think twice about it."
Their wedding took place the day after Laura's 31st birthday on November 5, 1977, at the First United Methodist Church in Midland, Texas. This was the same church where Laura had been baptized
They have twin daughters, Barbara and Jenna, were born in Dallas, Texas, on November 25, 1981. The twins are named after their grandmothers: Barbara Pierce Bush is named after her paternal grandmother, former First Lady Barbara Bush. Jenna Welch Bush Hager is named after her maternal grandmother, Jenna Hawkins Welch.
Laura and George W. Bush with their daughters Jenna and Barbara Bush
MONEY AND FAME Coming from a wealthy and influential family, Bush has had significant financial resources. His presidency and subsequent public speaking and writing engagements have kept him in the public eye.
FOOD AND DRINK Bush enjoys Texan cuisine, particularly BBQ and Mexican food. While staying at his Crawford, Texas ranch, he likes to drop in at the Coffee Station where he always orders a cheeseburger with onion rings. At the White House, he kept to a low-calorie diet. His favorite dishes included pea soup, chicken, and chili. He gave up alcohol on his 40th birthday.
MUSIC AND ARTS Bush has a deep appreciation for country music and classic rock. He is also an amateur painter, a hobby he took up after his presidency.
LITERATURE Bush authored several books, including:
A Charge to Keep (1999) details his life and political philosophy. The title comes from Charles Wesley's 1762 hymn, "A Charge to Keep I Have". Wesley's title is a paraphrase of Leviticus 8:35: "keep the charge of the LORD, so that you may not die."
Decision Points (2010): Bush's memoir details the critical decisions he made during his presidency, including responses to 9/11, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and Hurricane Katrina.
41: A Portrait of My Father (2014): This biography of his father, George H. W. Bush, provides personal insights into his father's life and legacy.
Out of Many, One: Portraits of America's Immigrants (2021): A collection of paintings and stories celebrating the contributions of immigrants to American society, showcasing Bush's talent as an artist.
NATURE Bush is an advocate for environmental conservation and enjoys outdoor activities such as fishing and hiking.
PETS The Bush family had several pets, including Barney, a black Scottish terrier, and a cat, Willy. Spot, a brown-and-white Springer Spaniel born to Millie in the White House during his father’s presidency, was the first pet to live in the White House twice.
HOBBIES AND SPORTS Bush is an avid runner and enjoys golfing and baseball. He completed the 1993 Houston Marathon in 3 hours, 44 minutes, and 52 seconds. He also collects autographed baseballs and owns over 250.
SCIENCE AND MATHS Bush's administration supported various scientific research initiatives, including space exploration.
PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Bush was brought up an Episcopalian and, in 1985, after a meeting with Billy Graham, experienced what he described as "a gradual warming of the heart." He joined his wife’s United Methodist Church denomination, gave up alcohol, and began reading the Scriptures and praying. He attributes his faith in God as critical in his decision to give up drinking.
POLITICS Bush’s presidency was marked by significant events, including the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and major domestic policies like No Child Left Behind and Medicare prescription drug benefits. His succession to the presidency was ultimately decided by the Supreme Court after a month-long battle over the 2000 election results.
George W. Bush served as the governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000, and his time in office was nothing short of eventful. He was a man on a mission, championing tort reform, bolstering education funding, raising school standards, and overhauling the criminal justice system. Not to be outdone in the energy sector, he also played a pivotal role in making Texas a leader in wind-powered electricity production.
The 2000 presidential election was a nail-biting affair, with Bush narrowly edging out Democratic Vice President Al Gore in a hotly contested Electoral College victory that hinged on a Supreme Court decision to halt a Florida recount. Once he settled into the Oval Office, Bush wasted no time in rolling out a significant tax cut program and the No Child Left Behind Act, aiming to revamp education. His socially conservative agenda included the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act and various faith-based initiatives, alongside the launch of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief in 2003.
The tragic events of September 11, 2001, cast a long shadow over Bush's presidency. These attacks led to the war on terror and the creation of the Department of Homeland Security. Bush authorized the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan to dismantle the Taliban, obliterate al-Qaeda, and capture Osama bin Laden. The Patriot Act, which he signed into law, expanded surveillance of suspected terrorists.
In 2003, Bush ordered the invasion of Iraq, based on the flawed premise of weapons of mass destruction and supposed ties to al-Qaeda. On the domestic front, he signed the Medicare Modernization Act, introducing Medicare Part D. Bush secured a second term in 2004, winning a close election against Democratic challenger John Kerry and clinching a majority of the popular vote.
During his second term, Bush busied himself with a flurry of free trade agreements and appointed John Roberts and Samuel Alito to the Supreme Court. His ambitious attempts to overhaul Social Security and immigration laws were thwarted by Congress. The handling of Hurricane Katrina and the midterm dismissal of U.S. attorneys earned him widespread criticism. As his popularity waned, the Democrats seized control of Congress in the 2006 elections. The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq dragged on, and in January 2007, Bush initiated a troop surge in Iraq. By December, the U.S. found itself in the throes of the Great Recession, leading the Bush administration to secure congressional approval for various economic rescue programs, including the Troubled Asset Relief Program.
His time in office saw him swing from being one of the most popular presidents, post-9/11, to one of the least popular during the financial crisis of 2007-2008.
After his presidency, Bush retreated to Texas, maintaining a relatively low profile.
SCANDAL Bush faced controversies during his presidency, particularly regarding the Iraq War and the handling of Hurricane Katrina. He was also the first president to receive and win a Razzie Award for Worst Actor in the film Fahrenheit 9/11.
During a joint press conference on December 14, 2008 with Bush and Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki at the prime minister's palace in Baghdad, an Iraqi journalist, Muntadhar al-Zaidi, threw both of his shoes at President Bush. As al-Zaidi threw his first shoe, he yelled in Arabic, "This is a farewell kiss from the Iraqi people, you dog!" He then shouted, "This is for the widows and orphans and all those killed in Iraq," as he threw his second shoe.
President Bush quickly ducked twice to avoid being hit by the shoe. The second shoe reportedly collided with a U.S. flag positioned behind Bush. Prime Minister al-Maliki attempted to catch one of the shoes to protect the U.S. President. The event gained significant media attention and has since become one of the most memorable moments from Bush's presidency, particularly in the context of the Iraq War.
MILITARY RECORD Bush served as a pilot in the Texas Air National Guard from 1968 to 1974. His military service has been the subject of scrutiny and debate.
Lt. George W. Bush while in the Texas Air National Guard
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Bush is known for his commitment to fitness, regularly running and biking. He has maintained good health throughout his life, apart from minor health issues typical of aging.
HOMES Bush resides in Dallas, Texas, and has a ranch in Crawford, Texas, where he spends much of his time post-presidency.
TRAVEL As President, Bush traveled extensively, both domestically and internationally. He continues to travel for speaking engagements and personal interests.
APPEARANCES IN MEDIA George W. Bush has been a prominent figure in the media, both during and after his presidency. His media appearances span various formats, including documentaries, interviews, books, television, and films.
Bush has appeared on numerous television programs and news shows. Some notable appearances include interviews on 60 Minutes, The Oprah Winfrey Show, Jimmy Kimmel Live!, and The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. His candid discussions about his presidency, personal life, and post-presidential activities have provided insights into his time in office and his life after the White House.
Several documentaries have focused on Bush's presidency, policies, and the events that defined his time in office. Notable documentaries include:
Journeys with George (2002): This documentary by Alexandra Pelosi follows Bush on his 2000 presidential campaign trail, offering a behind-the-scenes look at his journey to the presidency.
Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004): Directed by Michael Moore, this controversial documentary critiques Bush’s response to the 9/11 attacks and the subsequent wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. The film won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival.
Bush's Brain (2004): This film explores the influence of Karl Rove, Bush's political advisor, on his political career and presidency.
The World According to Bush (2004): A French documentary that examines Bush’s foreign policy and its global impact.
Bush's presidency and personal life have been depicted in various films:
W. (2008): Directed by Oliver Stone, this biographical film stars Josh Brolin as George W. Bush and provides a dramatized account of his life, focusing on his early years, presidency, and relationship with his father.
Recount (2008): This HBO film, starring Kevin Spacey and Laura Dern, dramatizes the events surrounding the 2000 presidential election recount in Florida.
ACHIEVEMENTS Bush’s achievements include his response to the 9/11 attacks, the establishment of the Department of Homeland Security, significant education reform, and efforts to combat HIV/AIDS globally. His post-presidency has been marked by his work with veterans and continued influence in political and charitable activities.
WHAT FAMOUS FOR George H. W. Bush is famous for being the 41st President of the United States, serving from 1989 to 1993. He is also known for his extensive career in public service, including roles as Vice President, CIA Director, and U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations.
BIRTH George H. W. Bush was born on June 12, 1924, in Milton, Massachusetts, USA.
FAMILY BACKGROUND George H. W. Bush was born into a prominent family. His father, Prescott Bush, was a Wall Street executive investment banker, who represented Connecticut in the US Senate from 1952 to 1963. He was also a golf buddy of Bob Hope. His mother, Dorothy Walker Bush, came from a wealthy and influential family.
CHILDHOOD Bush grew up in a privileged environment, primarily in Greenwich, Connecticut. He spent his summers at the family estate in Kennebunkport, Maine, where he developed a love for the sea and outdoor activities.
EDUCATION Bush attended Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. After serving in World War II, he enrolled at Yale University, graduating with honors in 1948 with a degree in Economics. He finished his degree in just two and a half years and captained the Yale baseball team, playing in the first two College World Series.
CAREER RECORD Bush's career spanned various sectors. Here's his resume:
World War II Navy pilot (decorated for bravery)
Texas oil industry executive
U.S. Congressman (Texas)
U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations
Chairman of the Republican National Committee
Director of Central Intelligence
Vice President under Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)
41st President of the United States (1989-1993)
APPEARANCE George H. W. Bush was known for his tall, lean physique, standing at 6 feet 2 inches and his expressive eyebrows. He had a dignified appearance with silver-gray hair and a warm, approachable demeanor.
Portrait of President George H.W. Bush cropped and reuploaded by Emiya1980
FASHION Bush favored classic American style, often seen in tailored suits, casual sweaters, and boating attire when at Kennebunkport. He was also known for his colorful and eccentric socks.
CHARACTER Bush was widely regarded as courteous, dedicated, and pragmatic. He had a strong sense of duty and was known for his modesty and humility despite his achievements.
SENSE OF HUMOUR Bush had a subtle sense of humor, often using self-deprecation and light-hearted jokes to connect with others. He was known for his witty one-liners and playful banter with family and friends.
RELATIONSHIPS Bush married Barbara Pierce on January 6, 1945, and their marriage lasted 73 years until her death in 2018. They had six children, including George W. Bush, who became the 43rd President of the United States, and Jeb Bush, former Governor of Florida. Their daughter, Robin, died at the age of 3 from leukemia.
MONEY AND FAME Bush's wealth primarily came from his successful oil business and his family's financial background. His fame grew through his long public service career, culminating in his presidency.
FOOD AND DRINK Bush was known for his love of simple American cuisine, particularly barbecued meats and Tex-Mex food. He also enjoyed Maine lobster, brownies and a good cup of coffee.
He famously disliked broccoli, even banning it from Air Force One.
MUSIC AND ARTS Bush had a broad appreciation for music, enjoying everything from country to classical. He also supported the arts through various cultural initiatives during his presidency.
LITERATURE Bush was an avid reader, enjoying biographies, historical texts, and novels. He often cited Winston Churchill as one of his literary and historical heroes.
NATURE Bush had a deep appreciation for nature, particularly the ocean. He enjoyed fishing, boating, and spending time at his coastal home in Kennebunkport, Maine.
PETS Bush had several pets, including Millie, an English Springer Spaniel. Millie was a famous "first dog" during his presidency, even "dictating" a best-selling book.
HOBBIES AND SPORTS Bush was an enthusiastic sportsman, enjoying golf, tennis, fishing, and boating. He also loved skydiving, completing several jumps even into his later years.
SCIENCE AND MATHS Bush supported scientific research and education during his presidency, advocating for space exploration and environmental protection.
PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Bush was an Episcopalian and his faith played a significant role in his life. He often spoke about the importance of faith, family, and service to others.
POLITICS Bush's political career was marked by his tenure as Vice President under Ronald Reagan and his own presidency. He focused on foreign policy, managing the end of the Cold War, the Gulf War, and advocating for a "kinder, gentler nation."
Bush had a successful business career, but politics, however, was his real calling. He bounced around different political gigs like a pinball in a pachinko machine – Congressman, UN ambassador, CIA director, you name it.
Eventually, he landed the coveted role of Vice President under the ever-coiffed Ronald Reagan. Then, in 1988, it was finally George's turn to take the Oval Office hot seat. Now, foreign policy was his wheelhouse. He helped steer the world through the tail-end of the Cold War, watched the Berlin Wall crumble like a stale donut, and even kicked some butt in the Gulf War, liberating Kuwait from that pesky Saddam Hussein.
On the domestic front, things were a bit bumpier than a Texas dirt road. He famously broke a campaign promise about taxes (sorry, folks, gotta fill those government coffers!), but hey, he did manage to sign some pretty cool stuff into law, like the Americans with Disabilities Act, which meant everyone could finally enjoy that sweet, sweet public restroom access.
By 1992, the American people were ready for a change, and George, unfortunately, got the boot. But hey, he didn't mope around like a teenager whose phone got confiscated. Instead, he became a champion for good causes, even working alongside his former political rival, Bill Clinton. Talk about burying the hatchet!
SCANDAL The most notable controversy during Bush's presidency was the Iran-Contra affair, which originated during Reagan's administration but involved actions taken by Bush as Vice President.
When George Bush visited Buckingham Palace in 1993 to receive his honorary knighthood, he picked up an equestrian-themed statuette and asked the Queen for more information. "I was hoping you could tell me," she replied. "You gave it to me."
MILITARY RECORD Bush enlisted in the Navy on his 18th birthday in 1943, becoming the youngest pilot in the Navy. He flew 58 combat missions during World War II, earning three Air Medals and the Distinguished Flying Cross. His most harrowing experience was being shot down over the Pacific on September 2, 1944, and being the lone survivor of his squadron, rescued by the USS Finback.
Bush in his Grumman TBM Avenger on the carrier USS San Jacinto, 1944
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Bush maintained good health and physical fitness throughout most of his life, famously celebrating his 75th, 80th, 85th, and 90th birthdays with parachute jumps. In his later years, he was diagnosed with vascular parkinsonism, which affected his mobility.
HOMES Bush's primary residences included his family estate in Kennebunkport, Maine, and a home in Houston, Texas. He also spent time at the White House during his presidency.
TRAVEL Bush traveled extensively both personally and as part of his diplomatic missions. His travels included official state visits around the world and leisure trips to his beloved Kennebunkport.
DEATH George H.W. Bush passed away on November 30, 2018, at the age of 94 He died at his home in Houston, Texas.
The cause of Bush's death was vascular Parkinsonism, a rare condition that is believed to be caused by small strokes affecting the same brain structures impacted in Parkinson's Disease. This condition had gradually robbed Bush of his ability to walk and made it increasingly difficult for him to speak more than a few words at a time in his later years.
George H.W. Bush was laid to rest on December 6, 2018, at his presidential library in College Station, Texas. The George H.W. Bush Presidential Library and Museum is located on the west campus of Texas A&M University.
Bush was buried next to his wife, Barbara Bush, who had passed away earlier that year on April 17, 2018, and their daughter, Robin, who died aged three. This fulfilled Bush's long-held wish to be laid to rest alongside his beloved family members
His service dog, Sully, was famously pictured sleeping next to his coffin during his state funeral.
APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Bush appeared in numerous interviews, documentaries, and news programs. He was also portrayed in various films and TV shows, reflecting his significant impact on American history.
ACHIEVEMENTS Bush's achievements include his leadership in the peaceful end of the Cold War, the successful execution of the Gulf War, his commitment to volunteerism, and his long legacy of public service. His presidency saw significant legislative accomplishments, including the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Clean Air Act.
NAME: Richard Burton (born Richard Walter Jenkins Jr.)
WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Renowned for his powerful stage presence, deep voice, and his roles in classic films such as Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? and Cleopatra.
BIRTH: Born on November 10, 1925, in Pontrhydyfen, Wales.
FAMILY BACKGROUND: The twelfth of thirteen children born to Edith Maude Jenkins and Richard Walter Jenkins Sr., a coal miner.
CHILDHOOD: Grew up in a working-class family in Wales. After his mother's death when he was two, he was raised by his older sister, Cecilia, and her husband.
EDUCATION: Attended Port Talbot Secondary School. Showed an early talent for literature and acting, which was nurtured by his schoolteacher, Philip Burton, who later became his legal guardian and mentor. Won a scholarship to Exeter College, Oxford, to study acting
CAREER RECORD: Started his acting career on stage, gaining prominence with performances in Shakespearean plays. Transitioned to film in the 1950s, achieving international fame with roles in My Cousin Rachel (1952), The Robe (1953), Cleopatra (1963), and Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (1966).
APPEARANCE: Known for his striking good looks, Burton was tall, broad-shouldered, with dark hair, piercing blue eyes and commanding presence.
Studio publicity photo for 1953 film The Robe.
FASHION: Typically seen in classic, sophisticated attire both on and off-screen, often dressed in tailored suits.
CHARACTER: Complex. intense, prone to self-destruction, Burton was known for his intellectual depth, passion for his craft, and complex personality.
SENSE OF HUMOUR: Had a sharp, often sardonic wit, appreciated by friends and colleagues.
RELATIONSHIPS: Most famously married twice to actress Elizabeth Taylor. Their marriages lasted from March 15, 1964, to June 26, 1974, and from October 10, 1975, to July 29, 1976. Their first wedding was at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Montreal, and their second, secret wedding took place at a game park in Botswana.
He made 11 films with Elizabeth Taylor, plus one made-for-TV movie in 1973 entitled Divorce His, Divorce Hers.
In Divorce His, Divorce Hers (1973), his final film with Taylor
Also married to Sybil Williams (1949-1963) and later to Susan Hunt (1976-1982) and Sally Hay (1983 until his death).
MONEY AND FAME: Achieved significant wealth and fame, becoming one of the highest-paid actors of his time, but also faced financial difficulties due to his lavish lifestyle.
When he died, Burton left an estate worth US$4.58 million mainly consisting of real estate, investments in three countries and works of art.
Burton's on-again, off-again romance was a tabloid editor's dream, a whirlwind of passion, public spats, and enough jewels to blind a dragon.
FOOD AND DRINK: Known for his love of fine dining and notorious for his heavy drinking, which contributed to his health issues.
MUSIC AND ARTS: Passionate about classical music and theater; often attended performances and had a deep appreciation for the arts.
Richard Burton, a man whose voice could melt glaciers and whose appetites were equally impressive, carved out a career as a Shakespearean powerhouse in the 1950s. Remember Kenneth Tynan, the critic? He practically begged Burton to be the next Olivier, the heir apparent to the theatrical throne.
Well, that didn't quite pan out. Some folks grumbled that Burton never quite reached those lofty expectations, and his fondness for the demon drink didn't exactly polish his image of a wasted genius. Still, there's no denying he was one of the best actors of his time.
Academy Awards? Forget about that golden statue. Burton was nominated seven times, but never managed to snag the Best Actor prize. Tough break, considering the films: My Cousin Rachel, The Robe, even that Cold War spy flick The Spy Who Came In from the Cold. He did manage to snag a Tony Award for belting out tunes as King Arthur in Camelot, though.
By the mid-60s, Burton was a box office goldmine. We're talking mega-bucks, million-dollar paychecks, the whole Hollywood shebang.
LITERATURE: An avid reader with a profound love for literature, particularly poetry and the works of Shakespeare. Burton himself claimed his escape from a hardscrabble Welsh childhood wasn't acting, but books. Apparently, the man devoured a book a day.
From his childhood Burton was an ardent admirer of Welsh poet Dylan Thomas.
Burton was widely admired for his command and understanding of English poetry, he taught it for a term at Oxford University in the early 1970s.
Burton once outdid Robert F. Kennedy in a Shakespeare sonnet-quoting contest by reciting a sonnet backward
Elizabeth Taylor once bought Burton a complete set of The Everyman Library as a present.
NATURE: Burton enjoyed the natural beauty of his native Wales and often spoke fondly of the Welsh landscape.
HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Burton enjoyed rugby and was a fan of the sport. Also interested in writing and often penned poetry and diaries.
SCIENCE AND MATHS: While not particularly known for an interest in these fields, Burton possessed a curious and analytical mind.
PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Burton engaged with philosophical and theological questions, often contemplating the meaning of life and existence.
Burton was an atheist, stating: "I wish I could believe in a God of some kind but I simply cannot."
POLITICS: Burton identified as a socialist and supported various progressive causes, influenced by his working-class background.
SCANDAL: His tumultuous relationships, particularly with Elizabeth Taylor, were a source of constant media scrutiny and public fascination. Their fiery and passionate romance began on the set of Cleopatra in 1963.
MILITARY RECORD: Burton served in the Royal Air Force during World War II as a navigator but did not see combat.
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Burton struggled with alcoholism, which severely impacted his health. Suffered from various ailments, including cirrhosis of the liver.
HOMES: Burton lived in various luxurious homes around the world, including properties in Switzerland, the United States, and the United Kingdom.
TRAVEL: He traveled extensively for work and pleasure, often spending time in Europe and the United States.
APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Featured in numerous films, television programs, and documentaries. His life and career have been the subject of various biographies and retrospectives.
ACHIEVEMENTS: Nominated for seven Academy Awards, won two Golden Globe Awards and a Tony Award. Burton is remembered as one of the greatest actors of his generation.
CHILDHOOD Edgar Rice Burroughs grew up in a relatively affluent family, enjoying a comfortable upbringing in the bustling city of Chicago. He described himself as a restless and imaginative child.
EDUCATION Burroughs attended several schools: the Brown School, Miss Coolie's Maplehurst School for Girls (due to a diphtheria epidemic), the Harvard School, Phillips Andover, and the Michigan Military Academy. He was a mediocre student and failed his examination for West Point.
CAREER RECORD Burroughs worked in various jobs after his discharge from the army, including as a cowboy on a ranch in Idaho, a gold miner, a railroad policeman, and a stationery salesman. He began writing in 1911 and his writing career took off in 1912 with the serialization of his science fantasy story Under the Moons of Mars (later published as A Princess of Mars),
APPEARANCE Burroughs was of slightly above average height with dark hair and a robust build. He had a prominent nose and expressive eyes, often seen with a serious expression.
Edgar Rice Burroughs
FASHION Burroughs favored practical and comfortable clothing, often seen in suits when attending formal events, and more casual, rugged attire suitable for his various outdoor activities.
CHARACTER Edgar Rice Burroughs was known for his imagination, resilience, and entrepreneurial spirit. He was also known to be a generous and caring individual.
SENSE OF HUMOUR While Edgar Rice Burroughs' writing isn't known for slapstick or overt comedy, his characters often engage in witty banter and lighthearted moments. His narratives sometimes employ a sense of irony, particularly when civilized characters encounter the "primitive" in his stories.
RELATIONSHIPS He was married twice, first to his childhood sweetheart Emma Centennia Hulbert in 1900, with whom he had three children. Their third and last child, John Coleman Burroughs (1913–1979), became known for his illustrations of his father's books.
Burroughs divorced Emma in 1934, and, in 1935, married the former actress Florence Gilbert Dearholt, who was the former wife of a friend. They divorced in 1941.
MONEY AND FAME Burroughs achieved considerable financial success and fame due to the popularity of his novels, particularly the Tarzan series, which were adapted into various media forms. In 1916, he received a then-record $5,000 cash advance for the film rights to Tarzan of the Apes.
FOOD AND DRINK Burroughs enjoyed simple, hearty meals. He was not known for being particularly indulgent in food or drink, preferring moderation.
MUSIC AND ARTS Though not a musician or artist himself, Burroughs appreciated the arts and often included detailed descriptions of music and cultural elements in his works.
LITERATURE Burroughs was an avid reader, drawing inspiration from adventure novels, pulp fiction, and the emerging science fiction genre. His own works have become classics of American literature and have sold hundreds of millions of copies in over thirty languages..
After leaving military college, Burroughs embarked on a series of what can only be described as "odd jobs. By 1911, he was hawking stationery, then, in a twist worthy of a pulp fiction masterpiece, Burroughs started writing. His first story? A tale about a feral child raised by apes in the African jungle. You might have heard of it. It was called Tarzan of the Apes, and it rocketed Burroughs to literary superstardom.
Burroughs wrote 26 Tarzan books. The success was phenomenal and Tarzan swung from the written word to the silver screen, raking in millions at the box office. Burroughs even named his California ranch "Tarzana" – a name that stuck when a whole town sprouted up around it.
Tarzan's first appearance, in the October 1912 issue of The All-Story
Burroughs wasn't a one-trick pony. He also penned a series about life on Mars, featuring the dashing hero John Carter, the Pellucidar series, the Amtor series, and the Caspak trilogy.
He passed away in 1950, leaving behind a legacy of fantastical adventures that have captivated readers for generations
NATURE Burroughs had a deep appreciation for nature, which is evident in his vivid descriptions of the wild and untamed landscapes in his novels.
PETS He was fond of animals and had several pets throughout his life, including dogs that he often mentioned in his personal letters. His love for animals is reflected in his creation of Tarzan, who communicates with and understands animals.
HOBBIES AND SPORTS Burroughs enjoyed horseback riding, fencing, and was an enthusiastic supporter of physical fitness. He also liked spending time outdoors, engaging in activities like hiking and hunting.
Burroughs became a pilot in the 1920s and encouraged his family to learn to fly.
SCIENCE AND MATHS While not particularly noted for his expertise in science and math, Burroughs showed a keen interest in the emerging fields of space exploration and aeronautics, which influenced his writing.
PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Burroughs was not overtly religious, but his works often explore themes of morality, justice, and the human condition, reflecting his philosophical musings.
Burroughs' ideas about race and heredity influenced his writing, with Tarzan embodying a particular vision of strength and superiority. These views are considered outdated and offensive by today's standards.
POLITICS He had conservative political views and was a vocal supporter of the United States' efforts in World War II, even serving as a war correspondent in the Pacific theater.
SCANDAL Burroughs' life was relatively scandal-free, though his divorce from his second wife, Florence, attracted some public attention.
MILITARY RECORD Burroughs served briefly with the 7th U.S. Cavalry and later joined the Illinois National Guard. During World War II, he was one of the oldest war correspondents, covering the conflict in the Pacific.
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Burroughs remained active and physically fit well into his later years, advocating for a healthy lifestyle.
HOMES Burroughs was a man of many addresses. Throughout his life, he lived in various locations across the United States. These included Chicago, where he was born, Idaho during his unsuccessful business ventures, and California where he found literary success. The California town of Tarzana was even named after his most famous creation, Tarzan.
TRAVEL Burroughs traveled extensively, both within the United States and internationally, often drawing inspiration from his travels for his novels. However, despite writing a whopping 26 Tarzan books he never set foot in Africa
DEATH Burroughs died alone in his Encino, California, home on March 19, 1950, aged 74, after suffering a heart attack. He spent his last hour alive reading the Sunday comics in bed.
APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Burroughs' legacy lives on through the numerous adaptations of his works. His iconic characters, Tarzan and John Carter, have been portrayed in countless films, television shows, and comic books.
ACHIEVEMENTS Burroughs authored over 70 novels, created iconic characters and fictional worlds, and left a lasting legacy in the genres of adventure and science fiction.
WHAT FAMOUS FOR Aaron Burr is famous for being the third Vice President of the United States and for his infamous duel with Alexander Hamilton, which resulted in Hamilton's death.
BIRTH Aaron Burr was born on February 6, 1756, in Newark, New Jersey.
FAMILY BACKGROUND Burr came from a prominent family. His father, Aaron Burr Sr., was a prominent minister and the second president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University) His mother, Esther Edwards Burr, was the daughter of the famous theologian Jonathan Edwards.
CHILDHOOD Burr was orphaned at a young age; his father died when he was just 19 months old, and his mother died a year later. He and his sister Sarah were then raised by their wealthy maternal uncle, Timothy Edwards.
EDUCATION Burr entered the College of New Jersey at the age of 13 and graduated summa cum laude in 1772. He initially studied theology but later decided to pursue a career in law.
CAREER RECORD Burr served as an officer in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War, later becoming a successful lawyer and politician. He served as New York State Attorney General, U.S. Senator from New York, and Vice President under Thomas Jefferson from 1801 to 1805.
APPEARANCE Burr was known to be of medium height with a slender but athletic build. He was handsome with piercing eyes, and a commanding presence.
Aaron Burr By John Vanderlyn -
FASHION Burr dressed in the fashion of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, often wearing well-tailored suits and maintaining a meticulous appearance.
CHARACTER Burr was intelligent, ambitious, and charismatic. However, he was also seen as cunning, manipulative, untrustworthy and controversial due to his political and personal actions.
SENSE OF HUMOUR Burr was known to have a sharp wit and a dry, sarcastic sense of humor, which he often used to charm and disarm those around him.
RELATIONSHIPS Burr married Theodosia Bartow Prevost, a widow, on July 2, 1782 at her home, The Hermitage. Their first child, Theodosia and the only one to survive to adulthood, was born on June 21, 1783. She was deeply cherished by Burr but predeceased him when she was lost at sea aged 29. Theodosia Bartow Prevost died in 1794.
Burr was the father of at least three other children and he adopted two sons.
At the age of 77, Burr married a wealthy widow named Eliza Jumel in 1833. However, the marriage was short-lived, lasting only four months before they separated. Jumel filed for divorce, citing Burr's squandering of her fortune through land speculation losses. Their divorce was finalized on September 14, 1836, the day of Burr's death.
He had a son, John, with an Indian servant, Mary Eamons, who became a celebrated abolitionist and key figure in the Underground Railroad, confirmed by a DNA test.
MONEY AND FAME Burr experienced both wealth and financial difficulties throughout his life. He was well-known during his time, both for his political career and his infamous duel with Hamilton. Burr went broke speculatively buying parcels of land in upstate New York.
FOOD AND DRINK Burr likely enjoyed the finer foods and beverages available at the time.
MUSIC AND ARTS Burr appreciated the arts and was known to enjoy music, particularly the violin.
LITERATURE Burr was well-read and had a substantial personal library. He enjoyed literature and was known to be an avid reader of various subjects.
Burr once set out to write an official history of the Revolutionary War but was blocked by George Washington.
NATURE Burr had an appreciation for nature, often spending time outdoors, especially during his military campaigns.
HOBBIES AND SPORTS Burr enjoyed physical activities such as horseback riding and fencing, the latter being both a hobby and a skill he would tragically use in his duel with Hamilton.
SCIENCE AND MATHS Burr had a keen interest in various scientific and mathematical topics, reflecting his broad intellectual pursuits.
PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Raised in a religious family, Burr's early exposure to theology influenced his philosophical outlook, although he later distanced himself from strict religious dogma.
POLITICS Affiliated with the Democratic-Republican Party, Burr's political career was marked by his service as Vice President and his ambition, which often put him at odds with other founding fathers.
Aaron Burr, a smooth talker with a healthy dose of ambition, waded into the murky waters of American politics. He became a Democratic-Republican, aligning himself with Thomas Jefferson, another Founding Father with a bit of a rebellious streak.
Speaking of rebellion, 1800 rolls around, and there's a bit of a snafu in the presidential election. Jefferson and Burr tie! The whole thing goes to the House of Representatives, where, in a display of political mudslinging that would make today's Congress blush, a backroom deal gets Jefferson the presidency and Burr the consolation prize of Vice President. Awkward, much?
Well, buckle up, because things are about to get even more awkward. Burr, you see, had this thing with Alexander Hamilton, another Founding Father but one who fell squarely in the "not-a-fan" camp when it came to Burr. Their rivalry was legendary, fueled by personality clashes and political differences. It all came to a head in 1804, when pistols dawned and shots were fired. Hamilton, sadly, ended up the loser in that duel, leaving Burr with a murder charge hanging over his head and a reputation that would forever be, well, stained.
An early 20th century illustration of Burr (right) dueling with Hamilton
Now, you might think being wanted for murder would put a damper on your political career. Not for Aaron Burr! The man finished his term as Vice President like nothing happened, then hightailed it out of dodge to avoid those pesky murder charges. He even tried to cook up some harebrained schemes to carve out his own little empire in the American Southwest. Didn't exactly pan out.
SCANDAL In a tragic culmination of their long-standing feud, Aaron Burr fatally wounded Alexander Hamilton, the former US Treasury Secretary, in a pistol duel on July 11, 1804, near Weehawken, New Jersey. Hamilton died the following day after being transported to the Manhattan shore home of William Bayard.
He was later involved in a conspiracy, known as the Burr Conspiracy, aiming to create an independent nation in the center of North America and/or the Southwestern United States, for which he was tried and acquitted of treason.
Burr was the only Vice President ever accused of murder.
MILITARY RECORD Burr served with distinction in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War, reaching the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Burr maintained good health for most of his life, staying physically active through his military service and personal hobbies. In his final years, he suffered multiple strokes that left him partially paralyzed and debilitated.
HOMES Burr lived in various places throughout his life, including:
New Jersey: Born in Newark, and likely spent some time there as a child.
New York City: Established himself as a lawyer and politician here. He also owned land in what is now the West Village, including a famous carriage house (11 Barrow Street) that still stands today.
Albany, New York: Served in the state legislature here.
Europe: After the duel with Hamilton and facing legal troubles, Burr spent time in Europe. Specific locations are not widely known.
Staten Island, New York: Died in Port Richmond in his later years.
TRAVEL Burr traveled extensively within the United States and spent time in Europe, particularly during his self-imposed exile after the duel with Hamilton.
DEATH Burr died on September 14, 1836, aged 80, in a boarding house on Staten Island, in the village of Port Richmond. The boarding house later became known as the St. James Hotel.
APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Burr has been depicted in various works of historical fiction, biographies, and notably in the Broadway musical Hamilton, where he is portrayed as a central figure.
Time Magazine named him the "worst vice president of the United States."
ACHIEVEMENTS Despite his controversial life, Burr's achievements include his service as Vice President, his military contributions during the Revolutionary War, and his successful legal career. His life remains a topic of fascination and study in American history.
NAME Robert Burns, commonly known as Rabbie Burns.
WHAT FAMOUS FOR Robert Burns is renowned as Scotland's national poet. He is famous for his poetry and songs written in Scots vernacular, including "Auld Lang Syne" and "Scots Wha Nae."
BIRTH Robert Burns was born on January 25, 1759, in Alloway, two miles (3 km) south of Ayr, Scotland.
FAMILY BACKGROUND Robert Burns was the eldest son of William Burnes, a poor peasant tenant farmer, and Agnes Brown Burnes, who supplemented the family income by making soft white cheese. He had six younger siblings. His mother was a fine singer and knew many folk songs.
Despite his parents' modest means, they prioritized education for their children.
CHILDHOOD Burns lived in a house built by his father, now the Burns Cottage Museum, until he was seven years old. The family then moved due to financial difficulties.
His early life was shaped by hard work on the family farm.
Young Rabbie wasn't exactly born with a silver sporran in his mouth. But he did have a nose for a good book, even as a teenager, and started scribbling verses that got passed around like wildfire. An old lady who lived with them, Betty Davidson, filled his head with tales and songs that would later pop up in his poems.
EDUCATION Burns’ father ensured he read widely, including works by Dryden, Milton, Shakespeare, and most 18th-century English writers. He attended village schools, received a thorough grounding in English, French, and Math, and had three short periods of formal study when his father could afford it. Poverty limited his formal education, but he self-educated extensively, encouraged by his father and exposed to Scottish folk songs, legends, and proverbs by his mother..
CAREER RECORD Burns worked long hours on his father’s unsuccessful farm and later as a flax dresser in Irvine. After the shop burned down, he returned home penniless.
Following his father's death in 1784, he worked with his brother and sisters on their leased farm, writing poetry during this time.
His literary talents emerged with the publication of Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect in 1786. He published the book to fund emigration to Jamaica, but its success kept him in Scotland.
In 1791, appreciative Edinburgh society secured him a position as a tax inspector, where he spent his time snooping and tax levying throughout his district.
APPEARANCE Burns was robust at 5ft 10ins with a slight stoop from years of farm work. Dark-haired with keen, glowing eyes and a slightly feminine, attractive face with pretty pink coloring. He did not have a particularly strong Scottish accent. Burns wore his hair long and tied back in a ponytail and had size 8 feet.
Portrait of Burns by Alexander Nasmyth, 178
FASHION Burns' fashion sense included practical attire suitable for his farming background. He is often depicted wearing traditional Scottish clothing. As his social standing improved, wore more formal attire.
The Scottish brimless wool cap, Tam O'Shanter, is named after Burns' poem "Tam O'Shanter."
CHARACTER Burns was courteous, dignified, sentimental, romantic, gregarious, bawdy, and charismatic. His bristling independence and blunt manner occasionally alienated admirers. Described by Walter Scott as "A high sounded plebeian."
SENSE OF HUMOUR Burn's humor often had a satirical edge, as seen in his poems that lampooned religious hypocrisy and social injustices.
He referred to a critic as "Thou pickle herring in the puppet show of nonsense."
RELATIONSHIPS Burns was responsive to feminine charms, writing many early love lyrics. He had numerous romantic entanglements and fathered 13 children with four different women.
In 1785, Robert Burns met Jean Armour, the daughter of a local builder. Jean, a charming brunette with a constant smile and a warm heart, quickly captured his affections. Their love blossomed, but it wasn't all smooth sailing. When Jean became pregnant, her father, a strict Calvinist, threw a wrench in their plans. He disapproved of Burns' unconventional ways and wouldn't hear of a marriage. But love finds a way, as they say. By 1787, Burns and Jean had rekindled their romance, and their marriage was registered on August 5, 1788 in Mauchline, She inspired many of his poems and bore him nine children, three of whom survived into adulthood.
Jean Armour, painted by John Alexander Gilfillan, in 1822
MONEY AND FAME Despite early financial struggles, the success of his poetry brought Burns fame and a modest level of financial stability, though he never became wealthy.
After taking over his father's farm, Burns and his brother earned £7 per year each. As a tax inspector, he earned £70 per year. He used £500 from the second edition of his poems to buy a farm.
FOOD AND DRINK As a youngster, Burns ate fish, cheese, potatoes, oatmeal, and kail. A heavy drinker but not an alcoholic, he frequented inns like the Hole in the Wall and the Globe Tavern in Dumfries, fathering a baby by a Globe barmaid.
MUSIC AND ARTS Burns had a keen musical ear and wrote 250 songs, contributing significantly to Scottish music. He is celebrated as the National Poet of Scotland.
Right then, let's talk about "Auld Lang Syne," that ubiquitous New Year's Eve anthem that gets belted out with more gusto than accuracy. Though Rabbie Burns gets most of the credit, but it's not quite that simple.
In 1788, Burns came across "an old man singing" a ballad and was deeply moved by the words and in particular the line "should old acquaintances be forgot." Now, this ballad was already over 150 years old, so Burns wasn't exactly starting from scratch. He added a couple of his own verses and sent it off to his pal James Johnson, who was putting together a collection of Scottish songs.
Johnson stuck it in a drawer and forgot about it until after Burns had shuffled off this mortal coil. So, while "Auld Lang Syne" might be synonymous with Rabbie Burns, it's more like a Frankenstein's monster of Scottish folk tradition, stitched together by the Bard himself. Still, there's no denying Burns' magic touch. He took a dusty old fragment and turned it into a global knees-up anthem.
LITERATURE In 1784, a young Rabbie Burns stumbled across the writings of Robert Fergusson, a poet from Edinburgh. Fergusson, along with the rich tapestry of Scottish folk tradition and older Scottish poetry, sparked a fire in Burns. He saw the potential – the raw, powerful beauty – of using the everyday language of the people in his own work.
This revelation led to a revolutionary move in 1786. Burns defied the literary establishment and published "Poems in Scottish Dialect." Back then, using everyday Scottish speech wasn't considered proper for serious writing. But Burns didn't care. He wrote what he knew, what he felt, in the language of his heart and his homeland. And it was a gamble that paid off. These poems launched him onto the literary scene.
His work wasn't all love sonnets and fluffy clouds. Burns had a sharp wit and wasn't afraid to use it. Take "Holy Fair," a scathing satire aimed squarely at the narrow-mindedness of some Calvinist preachers. This poem, along with others like it, helped spread Burns' name far and wide.
He wasn't just a social commentator, though. Burns had a romantic side too. Poems like "Highland Mary" showcased his deep affection for a lost love. But don't get too misty-eyed – Burns was a man of the world, and Jean Armour, his future wife, might have had something to say about that particular poem!
Then there's the iconic "Scots Wha Hae," a poem that stirs the soul of any Scot worth their tartan. While not the official national anthem, it might as well be. It's a rallying cry, a celebration of Scottish resilience and heroism.
But Burns wasn't all battles and ballads. He could spin a yarn too. "Tam o' Shanter" is a gloriously bawdy tale of witches, demons, and a man in a very tight spot. It's a poem that will have you laughing out loud (and maybe blushing a little).
Burns could also be surprisingly empathetic. "To a Mouse" takes the reader on a journey from the perspective of a wee field mouse, suddenly homeless thanks to a farmer's plow. It's a reminder of the fragility of life and the impact we have on the world around us.
And who can forget "Green Grow the Rushes"? This poem, with its catchy rhythm, has been passed down through generations. It's a testament to the enduring power of Burns' words, even if the story behind the name "Gringos" might be a bit apocryphal.
Here's the thing about Rabbie: he wasn't your typical poet. Sure, he wrote about love and nature, but he also had a sharp wit and wasn't afraid to poke fun at the establishment, especially those stuffy religious types. He had a way with words that could make you laugh or cry, sometimes both at the same time.
NATURE Burns' poetry often reflects a deep appreciation for nature, as seen in his numerous references to the Scottish countryside and its wildlife.
PETS Burns had a pet ewe named Poor Mallie whom he immortalized in his poetry. He also had a favorite dog named Luath
HOBBIES AND SPORTS Burns' hobbies included reading and writing poetry. He also enjoyed socializing, engaging in spirited debates and riding around the countryside.
SCIENCE AND MATHS Burns had a basic knowledge of mathematics and some understanding of scientific principles, partly due to his self-education.
PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Raised in a Presbyterian household, Burns retained a belief in a good and pure God but preferred a more liberal form of Christianity over the rigid Scottish Calvinism. His satirical poems often criticized religious hypocrisy.
POLITICS Burns was an outspoken supporter of the Republican cause after the French Revolution. His enthusiasm for liberty and social justice dismayed many of his admirers.
SCANDAL Burns' lifestyle, characterized by drinking and womanizing, led to numerous scandals. He fathered multiple children out of wedlock and openly criticized religious and political establishments.
MILITARY RECORD Burns’ support for the French Revolution alienated him from many friends.
As an Exciseman he felt compelled to join the Royal Dumfries Volunteers in March 1795.
HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Arduous farm work and undernourishment in youth led to rheumatic heart disease. His health declined each winter, and he eventually died of the disease aged 37.
HOMES Burns lived in various places throughout his life,. Here's a summary:
1759 Born in a one roomed thatched white washed cottage in Alloway (now known as Burns Cottage)
1766, His father took the tenancy of the 70-acre (280,000 m2) Mount Oliphant farm, southeast of Alloway.
1777 Lived with his large family on the 130-acre (0.53 km2) farm at Lochlea, near Tarbolton, south Ayrshire
1781-82 Burns moved temporarily to Irvine to learn to become a flax-dresser
1782-84 Burns went back to Lochlea farm
1784-88 Leased farm of Mossgiel near Mauchline with his brother. Lived in Castle street, Mauchline.
1788-91 Bought farm at Ellisland, Dumfriesshire
1791 His last homes were in Dumfries, firstly in Bank Street then Burns Street formerly Mills Street with Jean Armour. Its now a Burns Museum.
The Burns Cottage in Alloway, Ayrshire. By DeFacto
TRAVEL Burns traveled within Scotland, engaging with Edinburgh society and securing patronage for his work. However, his plans to emigrate to Jamaica never materialized.
He was a passenger on Patrick Millar’s experimental steam-driven vessel on Dalswinton Loch.
DEATH Burns passed away in his Dumfries home on July 21, 1796. His last words were, "Don't let the awkward squad fire over me." His wife gave birth to their youngest son on the same day as his funeral.
He was initially buried in St. Michael's Churchyard, and later his body was moved to the Burns Mausoleum in the same cemetery.
APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Burns's life and work have been depicted in various films, documentaries, and literary adaptations, celebrating his legacy as Scotland's national poet.
You can't escape Rabbie Burns in Scotland these days, from museums to whisky labels
The Canadian band Rush got their name from the "Green Grows the Rushes O" poem.
ACHIEVEMENTS Burns's legacy includes a vast body of poetic and musical work. He is celebrated annually on Burns Night, and his influence extends worldwide, with numerous statues, towns named after him, and a significant following in countries like Russia.
He has more statues worldwide than any non-religious figure except Queen Victoria and Christopher Columbus.
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