John Adams

NAME: John Adams

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: He was an early advocate of American independence from Great Britain, a major figure in the Continental Congress, the author of the Massachusetts constitution, a signer of the Treaty of Paris, the first American ambassador to the Court of St. James, and the first vice president and second president of the United States.

BIRTH: John Adams was born on October 30, 1735 (in Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: He was the eldest of three sons of John Adams Sr., a farmer and deacon, and Susanna Boylston Adams, a descendant of the Boylstons of Brookline. John's mother came from a prominent family of scientists and medical doctors.

CHILDHOOD: John grew up in a modest New England farm where he learned to read and write. He enjoyed hunting, fishing, and farming. He attended a local school and later a private academy in Worcester.

EDUCATION: Adams graduated from Harvard College in 1755 with a Bachelor of Arts degree. He then studied law under James Putnam, a prominent lawyer in Worcester, and was admitted to the bar in 1758.

CAREER RECORD Adams practiced law in Braintree and Boston, becoming one of the most respected lawyers in Massachusetts. 

He was elected to the Massachusetts Assembly in 1770 and served as a delegate to the First and Second Continental Congresses from 1774 to 1777. 

Adams was a member of the committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence and a leading advocate for its adoption. He also served on various diplomatic missions to France, Holland, and Britain during and after the Revolutionary War. 

Adams helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris that ended the war and secured American independence. 

He was the first U.S. minister to Britain from 1785 to 1788. 

Adams returned to America in 1788 and was elected as the first vice president under George Washington in 1789. He was re-elected in 1792. 

Adams became the US second president in 1797 after defeating Thomas Jefferson by three electoral votes. 

His presidency was marked by conflicts with France and Britain, domestic divisions between Federalists and Republicans, and controversies over his Alien and Sedition Acts. He lost his bid for re-election to Jefferson in 1800 by 65 to 73 electoral votes.

Adams retired to his farm in Quincy and resumed his correspondence with Jefferson and other political figures. 

APPEARANCE: Adams was about 5 feet 7 inches tall, with a stout build, blue eyes, and light brown hair that turned gray with age. He wore spectacles and a powdered wig. He dressed in plain but elegant clothes, often wearing a dark coat, breeches, stockings, and buckled shoes.

President John Adams by Asher B. Durand (1767-1845).Wikipedia commons

FASHION: Adams was not very interested in fashion or ostentation. He preferred simplicity and modesty in his attire and manners. He once said that he wished "that simple dress might be introduced among us; that we might be distinguished only by our virtues."

CHARACTER: Adams was a man of strong principles, integrity, courage, and patriotism. He was also stubborn, independent, outspoken, and sometimes irascible. He valued reason, justice, liberty, and education. Adams was loyal to his friends and family, but also had enemies and rivals. He was proud of his achievements but also humble about his faults. He had a deep sense of duty and responsibility to his country and posterity.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: He had a dry wit and enjoyed jokes and puns. Adams often used humor to defuse tense situations or to make a point. He also appreciated irony and sarcasm. He once wrote to his wife Abigail that "I have sometimes been called an Aristocrat; but I am sure I am not one; for I hate them heartily."

RELATIONSHIPS: John Adams married Abigail Smith in 1764, and they had six children, including John Quincy Adams, who became the sixth president of the United States. Abigail was John's confidante and adviser, and they exchanged many letters during their long separations. Adams also had a complex friendship with Thomas Jefferson, his political rival and collaborator. They disagreed on many issues, but reconciled later in life and died on the same day, July 4, 1826.

MONEY AND FAME: John Adams came from a modest family of farmers and artisans, and he worked hard to earn his education and reputation as a lawyer and a statesman. He was not wealthy, but he was respected for his integrity and intelligence. 

FOOD AND DRINK: John Adams enjoyed simple food, such as bread, cheese, cider, and tea. He was not fond of exotic dishes or alcoholic beverages, though he occasionally drank wine or beer. He was known for his frugality and temperance, and he avoided overeating or indulging in luxuries.

MUSIC AND ARTS: John Adams had a taste for classical music, especially the works of Handel and Bach. He also appreciated poetry and drama, and he wrote some verses himself. He was not very skilled in painting or drawing, but he admired the talents of others. He was especially fond of the portraits of Gilbert Stuart, who painted him several times.

LITERATURE: John Adams was an avid reader and a prolific writer. He read widely in history, philosophy, law, politics, religion, and science. He admired the works of Cicero, Locke, Montesquieu, Shakespeare, Milton, Pope, and Swift. He wrote numerous essays, letters, diaries, speeches, and books on various topics. Some of his most influential works include A Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America (1787), Discourses on Davila (1790), and his correspondence with Jefferson.

NATURE: John Adams loved nature and farming. He grew up in the countryside of Massachusetts, where he learned to plow, sow, reap, and care for animals. He often escaped from the pressures of public life to his farm in Quincy, where he planted trees, flowers, fruits, and vegetables. He enjoyed walking, riding, fishing, and hunting in the woods and fields.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: John Adams had few hobbies or sports. He was not interested in games or amusements that he considered frivolous or wasteful. He preferred to spend his leisure time reading or writing or conversing with his family and friends. He did enjoy swimming in his youth, and he occasionally played cards or chess with his wife or children.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: John Adams had a keen interest in science and maths. He studied astronomy, physics, chemistry, geography, medicine, and engineering. He admired the discoveries of Newton , Franklin , Priestley , Lavoisier , and others. He also had a good knowledge of arithmetic , geometry , algebra , and calculus . He used maths to solve practical problems , such as surveying land , measuring distances , or calculating taxes .

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: John Adams was a deep thinker and a devout Christian . He believed in the existence of God , the immortality of the soul , and the moral law . He was influenced by the rationalism of the Enlightenment , but he also respected the traditions of Puritanism . Adams rejected the doctrines of predestination, original sin, and eternal damnation . He advocated for religious freedom , tolerance , and diversity .

SCANDAL: John Adams was involved in several scandals during his career . One of them was the XYZ Affair , which erupted in 1797 when French agents demanded bribes from American diplomats to negotiate a peace treaty. Adams exposed the affair to Congress, which provoked a public outcry and a quasi-war with France . Another scandal was the Alien and Sedition Acts , which Adams signed into law in 1798 to suppress dissent and criticism from his opponents. The acts were widely denounced as unconstitutional and tyrannical .

MILITARY RECORD: John Adams never served in the army or fought in a war . However , he supported the American Revolution as a political leader. He nominated George Washington as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army. Adams served on several committees that dealt with military affairs, such as raising troops, supplying arms, and appointing officers. He also helped negotiate the peace treaty with Great Britain that ended the war.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: John Adams had a robust constitution and a long life. He lived to be 90 years old, the longest of any president until Ronald Reagan. He suffered from various illnesses and injuries, such as smallpox, malaria, dysentery, rheumatism, gout, and a broken wrist. Adams also had poor eyesight and hearing in his old age. He maintained his health and fitness by eating moderately, sleeping regularly, and exercising daily .

HOMES: John Adams lived in several homes throughout his life. He was born in a saltbox house in Braintree, Massachusetts, where he spent his childhood and early adulthood. He moved to Boston in 1768, where he rented a brick house on Brattle Street. Adams bought a farm in Quincy in 1787, which he named Peacefield. He lived there for most of his retirement, except when he stayed at the White House in Washington, D.C. , from 1800 to 1801. He died at Peacefield in 1826 .

TRAVEL: John Adams traveled extensively during his career. He crossed the Atlantic Ocean eight times between 1778 and 1788. He visited France, the Netherlands, England, Ireland, and Spain as a diplomat. He also traveled within the United States, from New England to the South. He rode on horseback, carriage, or coach. Adams endured many hardships and dangers on the road, such as bad weather, rough terrain, bandits, and disease.

DEATH: John Adams died on July 4, 1826, at his home in Quincy, Massachusetts. He was 90 years old, and he had been ill for several months. His last words were "Thomas Jefferson still survives", unaware that Jefferson had died a few hours earlier at Monticello, Virginia. They both died on the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, which they had helped draft and sign. Adams was buried at the United First Parish Church in Quincy, next to his wife Abigail and his son John Quincy.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: John Adams has been portrayed in various media over the years. Some of the most notable examples are:

The musical 1776 (1969), which depicts Adams as the main protagonist and leader of the independence movement. He was played by William Daniels on stage and in the film adaptation (1972).

The miniseries John Adams (2008), which is based on the biography by David McCullough and covers Adams's life from 1770 to 1826. He was played by Paul Giamatti, who won an Emmy and a Golden Globe for his performance.

The book and film Hamilton (2015, 2020), which features Adams as a minor antagonist and rival of Alexander Hamilton. He was played by Rory O'Malley in the original Broadway cast and by Carvens Lissaint in the film version.

The film Amistad (1997), in which he was played by Anthony Hopkins.

The novel John Adams: A Life (1992) by John Ferling, which won the Fraunces Tavern Museum Book Award.

The podcast series Presidential (2016) by The Washington Post, which featured an episode on his life and legacy.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Adams was instrumental in the American Revolution and the founding of the United States. Set precedents for peaceful power transitions and American foreign policy. He left behind a legacy of intellectual thought and unwavering political commitment that continues to inspire.

Douglas Adams

NAME: Douglas Noel Adams

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series, a mock science-fiction epic that lampoons modern society with biting humour and pessimism.  

BIRTH:  March 11, 1952 in Cambridge, England.  

FAMILY BACKGROUND: His parents were Christopher Douglas Adams, a management consultant and computer salesman, and Janet Donovan, a nurse. They divorced when he was five years old. He had a sister, Susan, and four half-siblings from his parents' remarriages. His great-grandfather was the playwright Benjamin Franklin Wedekind.  

CHILDHOOD: He grew up in Brentwood, Essex, where he attended Primrose Hill Primary School and then Brentwood School. He was very tall for his age and self-conscious about it. He was also interested in science and writing stories.  

EDUCATION: He studied English literature at St John's College, Cambridge, where he wrote comedy sketches for the performing arts society. He graduated with an M.A. in 1974.  

CAREER RECORD: Early writing included comedy sketches for BBC Radio, radio series Doctor Who, and scripts for various shows.

1978: Debut of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy as a radio series, gaining cult acclaim for its quirky humor and philosophical musings.

1979-1990: Five-book Hitchhiker's series published, solidifying Adams' popularity and influence.

Adams wrote other novels like Dirk Gently's Holistic Detective Agency and non-fiction like Last Chance to See, exploring environmental issues.

He worked in various media, contributing to video games, film scripts, and stage adaptations.

APPEARANCE: : He was 6 feet 5 inches (1.96 m) tall, with brown hair and blue eyes. He wore glasses and often had a beard. He liked to dress casually, sometimes wearing Hawaiian shirts or bathrobes. 

Adams in March 2020

FASHION: He was not very interested in fashion or trends. He once said: "I don't believe it matters how you look as long as you're happy with yourself." 

CHARACTER: He was described as intelligent, creative, witty, generous, kind, eccentric, curious and adventurous. He had a passion for technology, especially Apple Macintosh computers. He was also an environmentalist and an atheist. He said: "I love deadlines. I love the whooshing noise they make as they go by."  

SENSE OF HUMOUR: He had a dry, sarcastic and absurd sense of humour that often involved wordplay, satire and irony. He used humour to cope with life's challenges and to make fun of human folly. He said: "The knack of flying is learning how to throw yourself at the ground and miss."  

RELATIONSHIPS: He married Jane Belson in 1991 after a long courtship. They had one daughter, Polly Jane Rocket Adams, born in 1994. He was close to his family and friends, many of whom were fellow writers and comedians. He said: "I may not have gone where I intended to go, but I think I have ended up where I needed to be."  

MONEY AND FAME: He became wealthy and famous from his books and other projects, but he was not very good at managing his finances or meeting deadlines. He often spent more than he earned and had to deal with tax problems and legal disputes. He said: "I am rarely happier than when spending an entire day programming my computer to perform automatically a task that it would otherwise take me a good ten seconds to do by hand."  

FOOD AND DRINK: He was a vegetarian since 1983 and an advocate for animal rights. He liked Indian food, chocolate and tea. He also enjoyed drinking wine and beer, but he gave up alcohol in 1999 for health reasons. He said: "It is a mistake to think you can solve any major problems just with potatoes."  

MUSIC AND ARTS: He was fond of music and played the guitar, piano and flute. He liked rock music, especially The Beatles , Pink Floyd , Procol Harum , Paul Simon , Randy Newman , Bruce Springsteen , Talking Heads , REM , and U2 . He also appreciated classical music, especially Bach , Beethoven , Mozart , and Chopin . He was interested in art and photography, and collected works by Escher , Dali , Magritte , and Picasso . He said: "I think a nerd is a person who uses the telephone to talk to other people about telephones."  

LITERATURE: He was an avid reader and writer, influenced by authors such as Lewis Carroll , P.G. Wodehouse , Kurt Vonnegut , Robert Sheckley , Douglas Hofstadter , Richard Dawkins , and Stephen Hawking . He also admired the works of Shakespeare , Dickens , Orwell , and Tolkien . He said: "The most important thing you learn as a sports photographer is anticipation - not where the action is taking place, but where it's going to take place. Not where the subject is now, but where they're going to be."  

NATURE: He loved nature and wildlife, and was concerned about their preservation. He co-wrote a book and a radio series called Last Chance to See, in which he travelled around the world with zoologist Mark Carwardine to see endangered species. He said: "Human beings, who are almost unique in having the ability to learn from the experience of others, are also remarkable for their apparent disinclination to do so."  

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: He had many hobbies and interests, such as astronomy, astrology, chess, gardening, hiking, skiing, scuba diving, swimming, cycling, and flying. He was a fan of sports, especially cricket, rugby, football (soccer), and Formula One racing. He said: "Anything that is in the world when you're born is normal and ordinary and is just a natural part of the way the world works. Anything that's invented between when you're fifteen and thirty-five is new and exciting and revolutionary and you can probably get a career in it. Anything invented after you're thirty-five is against the natural order of things."  

SCIENCE AND MATHS: He had a keen interest in science and maths, especially physics, cosmology, biology, evolution, artificial intelligence, and logic. He was fascinated by the mysteries of the universe and the origins of life. He said: "There is a theory which states that if ever anyone discovers exactly what the Universe is for and why it is here, it will instantly disappear and be replaced by something even more bizarre and inexplicable. There is another theory which states that this has already happened."  

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: He was a self-proclaimed "radical atheist" who rejected the existence of God and any supernatural phenomena. He was influenced by the philosophy of existentialism, humanism, and rationalism. He said: "Isn't it enough to see that a garden is beautiful without having to believe that there are fairies at the bottom of it too?"  

SCANDAL: He was not involved in any major scandals or controversies, although he sometimes faced criticism for his views on religion, politics, or environmental issues. He said: "I refuse to answer that question on the grounds that I don't know the answer." 

MILITARY RECORD: He did not have any military record or experience. He said: "I'd take the awe of understanding over the awe of ignorance any day." 

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: He was generally healthy and fit, although he suffered from asthma, allergies, depression, anxiety, insomnia, and chronic back pain. He tried various treatments and therapies for his ailments, such as acupuncture, hypnosis, meditation, yoga, massage, chiropractic, homeopathy, and psychotherapy. He said: "A common mistake that people make when trying to design something completely foolproof is to underestimate the ingenuity of complete fools."  

HOMES: He lived in various places throughout his life, such as London , Los Angeles , Santa Barbara , New York , Sydney , Islington , France , Scotland , Norway , Greece , Turkey , Sri Lanka , Zanzibar , Madagascar , China , Bali , New Zealand , Australia , Kenya , Cameroon , California . His last home was in Montecito , California . He said: "I seldom end up where I wanted to go, but almost always end up where I need to be."  

TRAVEL: He travelled extensively around the world for work or pleasure. Some of his destinations included Europe , North America , South America , Africa , Asia , Australia . He said: "I love travelling. I love just going anywhere I haven't been before." .

DEATH  Douglas Adams died on May 11, 2001, at the age of 49, from a heart attack in Santa Barbara, California. He was cremated and his ashes were placed in Highgate Cemetery in London. 

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Numerous adaptations of his work exist, including radio series, books, TV shows, movies, stage plays, and video games. He inspired generations of writers and comedians.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Adams created a timeless masterpiece in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy, influencing pop culture and inspiring wonder and laughter in countless readers. He challenged established norms with his witty and thought-provoking stories, leaving a lasting mark on literature and humor.

References:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Adams

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Douglas-Adams

https://douglasadams.com/dna/bio.html

https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0010930/bio/

Ansel Adams

 NAME: Ansel Easton Adams (1902 – 1984)

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Master photographer whose stunning black-and-white images of the American West redefined landscape photography, emphasizing its artistic and environmental significance.

BIRTH: February 20, 1902, San Francisco, California.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: Upper-middle-class family; father a successful businessman. Young Ansel initially pursued music, displaying prodigious talent.

CHILDHOOD: Ansel Adams developed a love for nature during family trips to Yosemite. He received his first camera at 12, sparking a lifelong passion for photography.

EDUCATION: Adams was self-taught initially, later studying photography and philosophy at various institutions.

CAREER RECORD: Adams became official photographer for the Sierra Club, capturing iconic images of Yosemite and other natural wonders.

He co-founded Group f/64, advocating for "pure" photography emphasizing sharpness and tonal range.

Adams developed the Zone System, a revolutionary method for achieving desired print results through precise exposure, development, and printing control.

He established his own gallery and published numerous photography books, gaining international recognition.

Adams advocated tirelessly for environmental conservation, using his images to inspire appreciation and protection of natural landscapes.

APPEARANCE: Adams was tall and lean, with piercing eyes and a serious expression. Often depicted in rugged outdoor clothing, reflecting his connection to nature.

Ansel Adams Photo by J. Malcolm Greany, c. 195

FASHION: Practical and functional attire suitable for outdoor excursions, though not averse to dressing formally for occasions.

CHARACTER: Driven, passionate, and deeply connected to nature. Adams was often described as meticulous, demanding, and uncompromising in his artistic pursuits. He possessed a dry wit and a deep appreciation for music and literature.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Known for his subtle and dry wit, often used to disarm or make pointed observations.

RELATIONSHIPS: He married Virginia Best, the daughter of a painter, in 1928; had two children, Michael and Anne; had many friends and colleagues among photographers, artists, writers, and environmentalists

MONEY AND FAME: Achieved financial success later in his career, but his primary motivation was not wealth but artistic expression and environmental advocacy.

FOOD AND DRINK: Adams enjoyed good food and wine, especially French cuisine, He liked to cook for his family and guests

MUSIC AND ARTS: A lifelong music enthusiast, playing piano and appreciating classical music. Adams had a broad interest in the arts, particularly literature and philosophy. He admired painters such as Paul Cézanne and Georgia O'Keeffe

LITERATURE: An avid reader, drawn to philosophical works and nature writing. His own writing explored photography, aesthetics, and environmental concerns.

NATURE: Adams deeply revered nature, finding inspiration and solace in its grandeur and delicate beauty. He dedicated his life to capturing its essence through photography.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Hiking, camping, and exploring nature were favorite pastimes. Adams enjoyed classical music and playing piano.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: Adams appreciated the scientific understanding of light and optics necessary for photography, but his primary focus was artistic expression.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Adams explored philosophical questions through photography, reflecting on beauty, human connection to nature, and the importance of conservation. He wasn't religious and described himself as an agnostic or a humanist

SCANDAL: No major scandals marred his career, but his passionate advocacy for conservation sometimes generated controversy.

MILITARY RECORD: Did not serve in the military. He was exempted from service in World War II because of his age and family status

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Adams had an active lifestyle maintaining a strong health for most of his life. He suffered from arthritis later in life.

HOMES: He lived in San Francisco and Yosemite Valley during his early career, later settling in Carmel-by-the-Sea, California.

TRAVEL: Extensively traveled throughout the American West, capturing diverse landscapes and promoting conservation efforts.

DEATH: He passed away on April 22, 1984 in the Intensive-care unit at the Community Hospital of the Monterey Peninsula in Monterey, California, at the age of 82.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Numerous documentaries and films explore Adams' life and work. His photographs are widely published and exhibited worldwide.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Adams revolutionized landscape photography, elevating it to an art form and inspiring generations of photographers. He played a crucial role in the environmental movement, raising awareness and appreciation for the natural world. His legacy continues to inspire photographers, conservationists, and nature lovers everywhere.

Abigail Adams

A Bookish Beginning:

Despite limited formal schooling, Abigail's thirst for knowledge was insatiable. She devoured books, honing her writing skills and becoming a political observer long before women had the right to vote.

Abigail Adams

Love and Revolution:

Her spirited intellect caught the eye of John Adams, a rising lawyer. Though their families clashed, their love persevered, leading to a remarkable partnership defined by shared ideals and frequent separations due to John's political pursuits.

From Farm to White House:

Abigail bravely managed their farm during the Revolutionary War, even melting pewter into musket balls. As John's career soared, she became the first First Lady, navigating the challenges of an unfinished White House and offering insightful commentary on the young nation's growing pains.

Letters that Speak Volumes:

Throughout their lives, Abigail and John exchanged thousands of letters, offering invaluable first-hand accounts of historic events and revealing their deep love and mutual respect.

A Legacy Beyond Politics:

After John's presidency, Abigail continued to influence her son John Quincy Adams' political career. Her legacy extends far beyond her husband's achievements, solidifying her place as an intelligent, independent woman who dared to challenge societal norms.

Remember:

Abigail Adams was a self-educated woman who became a respected political commentator.

She fiercely supported the American Revolution and managed her family farm during difficult times.

Her insightful letters offer a unique perspective on the early years of the United States.

Beyond being the "President's wife," Abigail Adams was a force in her own right, leaving an enduring mark on American history.

Robert Adam

Robert Adam was one smooth operator when it came to design. He was all about that neoclassical style, which was all the rage in the 18th century.

Portrait attributed to George Willison

He was born in Kirkcaldy, a small town in Scotland, on July 3, 1728. Adam was the second son of William Adam, a prominent architect who had a huge influence on Robert's future career.

Growing up, Robert was exposed to the world of architecture and design from an early age. His father was a busy man, and he often took Robert and his siblings with him to visit construction sites and meet with clients.

Robert's education was a bit unorthodox - he was homeschooled by his mother until the age of 10, and then he attended a local grammar school. But it was clear from a young age that he had a natural talent for drawing and design.

In 1748, when Robert was 20 years old, his father took him on a grand tour of Europe. They visited France, Italy, and the Low Countries, where Robert was exposed to some of the most magnificent architecture and art in the world. This trip had a profound impact on Robert and would shape his future work.

He was known for creating some seriously fancy buildings, like the grand Syon House in London and the extravagant Culzean Castle in Scotland. This dude was all about the details, and he loved to incorporate ornate carvings and intricate moldings into his designs.

Syon House By ChristianSW - Own work, Wikipedia

One thing that set Adam apart from other architects of his time was his focus on interior design. He was all about creating a cohesive look between the inside and outside of a building, and he designed everything from furniture to wallpaper to make sure it all looked totally badass.

And get this - Robert Adam was a bit of a trailblazer when it came to architecture. He wasn't content to just copy the styles of the past, he wanted to create something fresh and new. So he mixed up elements of different styles, like Greek and Roman architecture, to create his own unique aesthetic.

Here's a couple of anecdotes:

Robert Adam was once asked to design a summerhouse for the Duchess of Devonshire. When he presented his design, the Duchess complained that it was too plain and lacking in ornamentation. In response, Adam designed an elaborate structure with intricate carvings, ornate details, and a sculpture of the goddess Venus on the roof. When the Duchess complained that it was too expensive, Adam simply replied, "Madam, the Venus alone is worth the money."

Adam was a stickler for details and liked to supervise all aspects of his projects. One time, he visited a construction site and found that the stonemasons hadn't followed his plans exactly. So, he made them demolish the entire structure and start over again, which made the project's owner pretty mad.

 Let's take a look at some of the other aspects of Robert Adam's life.

HOMES: Robert Adam did not have a single home that he lived in throughout his life. As a successful and wealthy architect, he designed and built many grand houses for his clients, but he did not have a house that was exclusively his own.

Instead, Adam lived in various locations throughout his life. He spent much of his childhood in Edinburgh, where his family had a townhouse. As an adult, he primarily lived and worked in London, where he had an office and design studio. He also had a country house, known as Osterley Park, which he designed and built for Sir Francis Child, a wealthy banker.

BELIEFS: Politically, Adam lived during a time of great change and upheaval in Britain. He was born in Scotland at a time when there was significant political and social unrest, as many Scots sought greater autonomy and independence from England. However, Adam himself did not appear to be particularly politically active or outspoken, and there is no record of his involvement in any political movements or parties.

Religiously, Adam was likely brought up in the Presbyterian Church of Scotland, which was the predominant religion in the country at the time. However, he appears to have been fairly secular in his outlook, and there is no record of him being particularly devout or involved in religious organizations.

RELATIONSHIPS:

Robert Adam never married, but he had a close relationship with his brothers, James and John. In fact, the three of them worked together on many of their architectural projects, forming the firm of Adam Brothers. Robert was also known to have had many close friendships with fellow architects and artists of his time, including Sir Joshua Reynolds and Giovanni Battista Piranesi.

HOBBIES:

Robert Adam had a keen interest in the arts, including painting, sculpture, and decorative arts. He was a talented draftsman and enjoyed sketching and drawing in his free time. He was also an avid traveler and loved to explore new places and cultures, which no doubt influenced his work as an architect.

MUSIC:

Robert Adam had close friendships with many musicians and composers of his time, such as Johann Christian Bach and Carl Friedrich Abel. He was also a patron of the arts and commissioned works by these musicians for various events and occasions.

FRIENDS:

He had a close working relationship with his brothers, James and John, and they formed the firm of Adam Brothers together. Adam also had a close friendship with the artist Sir Joshua Reynolds, whom he collaborated with on many projects.

On one occasion, while working on a project in Edinburgh, Adam and his brother James decided to hold a costume ball in their unfinished building site. They transformed the space into a grand ballroom and invited over 500 guests, who arrived dressed in elaborate costumes. The event was a huge success and became one of the most talked-about parties of the season.

SENSE OF HUMOR

Robert Adam was known for his love of practical jokes. One of his most famous pranks involved painting the back of a dining chair with a trompe l'oeil design of a woman's petticoat, so that it appeared that anyone sitting in the chair had a skirt on. The prank was so convincing that guests at the dinner party were startled when they stood up and realized they were not wearing a skirt.

DEATH

Robert Adam had been plagued by stomach and bowel issues for a considerable period, likely due to a peptic ulcer and irritable bowel syndrome. Sensing his impending demise, Adam composed his will on March 2, 1792. Since he never married, he bequeathed his estate to his sisters, Elizabeth Adam and Margaret Adam.

While he was at home at 11 Albemarle Street in London on March 1, 1792, one of his ulcers ruptured, and he passed away on March 3. 

A funeral was held on March 10, and Adam was interred in Westminster Abbey's south aisle. His clients, including the likes of Henry Scott, George Coventry, James Maitland, David Murray, Lord Frederick Campbell, and Sir William Pulteney, served as pallbearers.

Abraham

Abraham was born around 2000BC in the city of Ur in Mesopotamia, which is located in present-day Iraq. Ur was an important city in ancient times and was known for its sophisticated culture, art, and science. Abraham's father, Terah, was a wealthy merchant who lived in Ur, and Abraham was one of his sons. 

God called Abraham while he was living in the city of Ur and told him to leave his country, his people, and his father's household and go to the land that God would show him. God promised to make Abraham into a great nation and to bless him, and through him, all the families of the earth would be blessed. 

Abraham obeyed God and left Ur with his wife Sarah, his nephew Lot, and all their possessions, beginning a journey of faith that would eventually lead him to the land of Canaan.

Abraham's Journey from Ur to Canaan, by József Molnár, 1850

Abraham and his nephew Lot lived together in the land of Canaan. As their flocks grew, they began to experience conflicts between their herdsmen over grazing lands.

To resolve the issue, Abraham suggested that they separate, with Lot given the first choice of land. Lot chose the well-watered Jordan Valley, which was rich in vegetation and grazing lands, while Abraham settled in the land of Canaan.

However, Lot's choice proved to be a bad one, as the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were located in the Jordan Valley. These cities were notorious for their wickedness, and their inhabitants were known for their sins, including homosexuality and violence.

As a result, God decided to destroy the cities and their inhabitants, and He warned Abraham of His plan. Abraham pleaded with God to spare the cities if there were any righteous people living there. God agreed, and Abraham went to Sodom to find Lot and his family, hoping to save them before the destruction.

Abraham found Lot and his family living in Sodom, and he urged them to flee before the city was destroyed. Lot and his family hesitated, but the angels of God intervened and urged them to flee immediately. Lot and his family fled the city just before it was destroyed by fire and brimstone.

In Canaan, God appeared to Abraham and promised him that he would be the father of a great nation, and his descendants would be greatly blessed. Abraham's faith was tested as he and his wife Sarah were childless for many years. 

Eventually, Sarah  suggested that Abraham have a child with her maidservant Hagar. Abraham agreed, and Hagar gave birth to Ishmael. However, God kept his promise to Abraham and Sarah, and when Sarah was 90 years old and Abraham was 100, she miraculously gave birth to Isaac.

Abraham's faith in God was so unwavering that he was willing to sacrifice his beloved son Isaac at God's command. But just as he raised the knife to obey, God stopped him and provided a ram in Isaac's place.

The Angel Hinders the Offering of Isaac, by Rembrandt, 1635 

Through Isaac, Abraham became the father of the Jewish nation and the foundation of monotheism, which paved the way for Christianity. And through Ishmael, he became the father of the Arab people and Islam.

Abraham's obedience to God, his trust in God's promises, and his unwavering faith make him an inspiring example for all believers. He was the first to undergo circumcision and remains greatly revered by Christians, Jews, and Muslims to this day. Let us follow in his footsteps and trust in God's faithfulness.

Peter Abelard

NAME: Peter Abelard

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Renowned medieval philosopher, theologian, and logician; known for his contributions to scholasticism and his famous love affair with Héloïse.

BIRTH: Peter Abelard was born in 1079 in Le Pallet, Brittany, France.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: He came from a noble Breton family, and his father, Berengar, held a prominent position as a knight.

CHILDHOOD: Abelard displayed exceptional intellectual abilities from a young age and was drawn to the pursuit of knowledge.

EDUCATION: He studied dialectic and philosophy under Roscelin of Compiègne and William of Champeaux, which laid the foundation for his later career in theology and philosophy. He quickly gained a reputation for his sharp mind and critical thinking.

CAREER RECORD: Abelard's career was marked by his teaching at various schools and his philosophical debates that challenged prevailing theological doctrines of his time.

Established himself as a renowned teacher in Paris, attracting a large following of students.

Wrote influential philosophical and theological works, including "Sic et Non" and "Historia Calamitatum" (The Story of My Misfortunes).

Faced condemnation from Church authorities for some of his theological ideas.

Founded the Paraclete Abbey for Héloïse and her community.

APPEARANCE: Abelard was described as handsome and charismatic, with a commanding presence. Below is the Statue of Abelard at Louvre Palace in Paris by Jules Cavelier.

By Jastrow (Own work), Wikipedia

FASHION: He likely dressed in typical medieval academic attire, reflecting his status as a scholar.

CHARACTER: Abelard was known for his sharp intellect, audacity in questioning orthodox beliefs, and passionate pursuit of knowledge. He could be arrogant and controversial in his views.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Abelard was known for his sharp wit and intellectual humor.

RELATIONSHIPS: He is most famous for his romantic relationship with Héloïse, a brilliant scholar and abbess, which ultimately resulted in scandal and tragedy.

In 1113 Abelard bounced to Laon in northern France to listen to Anselm of Canterbury's lectures on Biblical exegesis and Christian doctrine at the cathedral school there. But he thought Anselm was wack, so he started giving his own lectures on the Old Testament book of Ezekiel. Anselm shut that down, so Abelard went back to Paris and became the master of the cathedral school at Notre Dame.

While he was there, Abelard fell head over heels for one of his students, Héloïse, who was way younger than him. They got secretly hitched, but then they got caught after their son Astrolabe was born. Abelard convinced Héloïse to become a nun, and her uncle Fulbert thought Abelard had abandoned her, so he had him castrated. Ouch!

Abelard became a monk at St. Denis near Paris and continued his controversial teachings. Héloïse became a nun at Argenteuil, but eventually became abbess of the convent at the Paraclete.

MONEY AND FAME: Abelard was not known to have accumulated great wealth, but his reputation as a scholar brought him respect and recognition.

FOOD AND DRINK: Details of his dietary preferences are not well-documented, but he likely adhered to the customary diet of his time.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Abelard had a profound interest in music and composed hymns and religious songs.

LITERATURE: Abelard wrote extensively on theology, ethics, and logic, leaving behind a rich corpus of philosophical works.

Abelard wrote a book called Sic Et Non, which talked about the relationship between faith and reason. He got in trouble for it and had to move to Nogent-sur-Seine. He lived there as a hermit and taught students. He also founded an oratory called the Paraclete.

Abelard became abbot of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuis in 1125, and Héloïse became the abbess of the Paraclete. They started writing letters to each other and their exchange became a classic of romantic correspondence.

Abelard and Héloïse in a manuscript of the Roman de la Rose (14th century)

Abelard wrote an autobiography called Historia Calamitatum, which was one of the first of its kind in medieval Western Europe. He died in 1142 from a combination of fever and scurvy. Abelard's remains were buried at St. Marcel, but were later moved to the Paraclete with Héloïse.

Abelard's book Sic Et Non became famous throughout Western Europe, and his story with Héloïse was sung by minstrels and troubadours in the Middle Ages. Josephine Bonaparte was so moved by their story that she ordered their remains to be buried together at Pere Lachaise cemetery in Paris. 

NATURE: Abelard's writings did not focus extensively on nature, although he engaged deeply with philosophical inquiries into the natural world.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Abelard's primary pursuits were intellectual and scholarly, leaving little room for leisurely hobbies or sports.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: His philosophical inquiries often intersected with questions related to science and mathematics of his time.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY:  Abelard was a key figure in the development of Scholasticism, a philosophical movement that sought to reconcile faith and reason.

His ideas on universals (the nature of general categories) and the role of reason in theology sparked controversy.

SCANDAL: Abelard's scandalous affair with Héloïse, which resulted in their separation and subsequent tragic lives, became a notorious episode in medieval history.

MILITARY RECORD: Abelard chose a scholarly path over a military career.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Details of his physical health are scarce, although he lived a tumultuous life marked by personal and professional challenges.

HOMES: Abelard lived and taught in various locations throughout France, including Paris, Laon, and Nogent-sur-Seine. He spent his final years at the Abbey of Cluny.

TRAVEL: His travels were primarily motivated by academic pursuits and teaching engagements across medieval Europe.

DEATH: Peter Abelard died from a combination of fever and a skin disorder, most likely scurvy on April 21, 1142.  His final days were spent at the Priory of Saint-Marcel near Chalon-sur-Saône, France.  According to some accounts, his final words were "I don't know," a poignant reflection for a man who had dedicated his life to learning and philosophical inquiry.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Abelard's book Sic Et Non became famous throughout Western Europe, and his story with Héloïse was sung by minstrels and troubadours in the Middle Ages. Josephine Bonaparte was so moved by their story that she ordered their remains to be buried together at Pere Lachaise cemetery in Paris. 

ACHIEVEMENTS: His enduring legacy lies in his contributions to medieval philosophy and theology, particularly his method of logical analysis and his challenge to orthodox theological doctrines, which continue to influence intellectual discourse to this day.

Peter Abelard died from a combination of fever and a skin disorder, most likely scurvy on April 21, 1142.  His final days were spent at the Priory of Saint-Marcel near Chalon-sur-Saône, France.  According to some accounts, his final words were "I don't know," a poignant reflection for a man who had dedicated his life to learning and philosophical inquiry.