Charlie Chaplin

NAME Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Charlie Chaplin is best known as one of the most iconic figures of the silent film era, a comic actor, filmmaker, and composer. He rose to fame with his beloved character, "The Tramp," becoming one of the most influential personalities in the history of cinema.

BIRTH Charlie Chaplin was born on April 16, 1889, in London, England.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Chaplin's parents, Hannah Chaplin (née Hill) and Charles Chaplin Sr., were both music hall entertainers. His mother, who performed under the stage name Lily Harley, had her career cut short in 1894 when she lost her singing voice mid-performance, prompting a young Chaplin to bravely step on stage and finish the song himself.

His parents' relationship was tumultuous, and they separated when Chaplin was young.

CHILDHOOD Chaplin's childhood was marked by poverty and hardship. His mother's mental health deteriorated, leading to her institutionalization. As a result, Chaplin spent much of his early years in workhouses and orphanages. His experiences during this time shaped his comedic sensibilities and provided him with a deep understanding of the struggles of the working class.

During one particularly severe illness, Chaplin was confined to bed for weeks while his mother entertained him by acting out scenes from the world outside their window.

EDUCATION Chaplin’s formal education was minimal, and his formative years were spent largely in workhouses and on the streets of London. His real education came from the theater, as he joined a clog-dancing troupe, The Eight Lancashire Lads, which marked the beginning of his career in entertainment.

CAREER RECORD Chaplin’s early stage experience included a role in the play Sherlock Holmes as a teenager. At 18, he joined the Fred Karno Troupe, where his performance caught the eye of Mack Sennett of Keystone Studios. Chaplin made his film debut in Making a Living (1914) .

Chaplin quickly rose to fame with his comedic performances and iconic character, "The Tramp." By 1916, he became the highest-paid actor in the world with a contract worth $675,000 annually. 

Chaplin went on to write, direct, produce, and star in numerous films, including silent classics like The Kid (1921), The Gold Rush (1925), City Lights (1931), and Modern Times (1936). Over his career, he made 82 films and won two special Oscars.

APPEARANCE Chaplin was famously short and slight, with a distinctive moustache that he kept throughout his career. His most iconic look involved a bowler hat, cane, and oversized shoes, elements of "The Tramp" persona.

Chaplin in his "The Tramp" role

FASHION Chaplin's fashion sense was simple and practical, reflecting the working-class background of his character. His attire was designed to be comfortable and adaptable to various situations, allowing him to perform physical comedy and stunts with ease.

His signature style, the "Tramp" costume, consisted of ill-fitting trousers, a tight jacket, a small derby hat, and worn-out shoes. This outfit became synonymous with his image and one of the most recognizable in film history.

Charlie Chaplin’s iconic cane and bowler hat were sold at London’s Christie’s auction house for £82,500 ($135,000) on December 11, 1987. His boots, which were also closely associated with his "Tramp" character, were sold at the same auction at Christie's in London. These boots fetched a price of £38,500 ($63,000).

CHARACTER Chaplin was known for his charm, wit, and intelligence, but he also had a reputation for being demanding and meticulous on set, sometimes requiring hundreds of retakes to get a scene just right.

Chaplin's ability to convey a wide range of emotions through his physical performance and facial expressions was a hallmark of his artistry.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Chaplin's sense of humor was rooted in physical comedy, slapstick, and visual gags. However, he also incorporated elements of satire and social commentary into his work, often addressing issues such as poverty, inequality, and industrialization.

His sense of humor was also evident in real life; he once won third place in a Charlie Chaplin look-alike contest.

RELATIONSHIPS Chaplin had a complex personal life. He was married four times and had eleven children. His relationships were often tumultuous, and he faced several scandals throughout his career.

Each of his marriages were marked by unique circumstances and considerable public attention:

1. Mildred Harris (1918–1920)

Chaplin's first marriage was to actress Mildred Harris. They married privately on October 23, 1918, when Harris was 17 and Chaplin was 29. The marriage reportedly took place in response to a pregnancy scare, but the child, a son, was born with severe health issues and died just three days after birth. The couple's relationship was strained by disagreements over her career and other personal differences, including Chaplin’s view that Harris was not his intellectual equal. The marriage ended in a contentious divorce in 1920, with Harris citing "mental cruelty." The divorce was finalized in November 1920.

2. Lita Grey (1924–1927)

Chaplin married his second wife, Lita Grey, on November 26, 1924, in Mexico. Lita was a 16-year-old American actress who had starred in his film The Kid. Chaplin was 35 at the time, and the marriage was prompted by her pregnancy. The union was troubled from the start, plagued by Chaplin's affairs and differences in personality. They had two sons, Charles Chaplin Jr. (born in 1925) and Sydney Chaplin (born in 1926). Their marriage quickly deteriorated, and Grey filed for divorce in 1927, citing infidelity and other personal grievances. The divorce proceedings were highly publicized, and Chaplin was ordered to pay a settlement of over $600,000, the largest divorce settlement in history at that time.

3. Paulette Goddard (1936–1942)

Chaplin's third marriage was to Paulette Goddard, a talented actress and his co-star in films like Modern Times (1936) and The Great Dictator (1940). They were rumored to have married in 1936, although the details of their marriage remained somewhat ambiguous, with no official record ever confirmed publicly. Despite a seemingly happier relationship, they drifted apart over the years due to Chaplin's workaholism and Goddard’s growing independence and career aspirations. They separated amicably in 1942 and were officially divorced that year.

4. Oona O'Neill (1943–1977)

Chaplin's fourth and final marriage was to Oona O'Neill, the 18-year-old daughter of American playwright Eugene O'Neill, when he was 54 years old. They married on June 16, 1943, and despite the considerable age difference, this marriage proved to be the most stable and enduring of Chaplin's life. Oona was devoted to Chaplin, and the couple had eight children together: Geraldine, Michael, Josephine, Victoria, Eugene, Jane, Annette, and Christopher. Their marriage lasted until Chaplin's death in 1977. Oona stayed by his side through his later years, supporting him during his exile from the United States and throughout his declining health.

The Chaplins and six of their eight children (Jane and Christopher are absent) in 1961.

MONEY AND FAME Chaplin's success in the film industry made him one of the highest-paid actors of his time. He amassed a considerable fortune and used his wealth to support charitable causes and political movements.

Despite achieving immense wealth, Chaplin continued to live modestly for many years, keeping his studio checks in a trunk and living in a shabby hotel room. He later designed a house in Beverly Hills, known as "Breakaway House," which eventually fell into disrepair.

FOOD AND DRINK Chaplin’s early life in poverty meant he never took food for granted. Later in life, he often entertained guests at his home, where his eccentricity extended to his culinary tastes. He was also a known drinker of alcohol, particularly beer and wine.

In his early years in America, Chaplin shared a boarding house room with fellow comedian Stan Laurel. Since cooking was not allowed, Chaplin would play the violin loudly to cover up the sound of Laurel frying food on a hot plate. This inventive way of circumventing the rules showed Chaplin's playful approach to food even under strict circumstances.

Hosting at "Breakaway House": At his Beverly Hills residence, known as "Breakaway House," Chaplin frequently entertained guests with a mix of music and food. He was known to have a large pipe organ in the great hall and would cook and serve simple meals himself. The house, which Chaplin designed and built using studio carpenters, gradually fell into disrepair, but he continued to host gatherings there with his unique brand of hospitality.

Chaplin was also known to enjoy traditional European dishes, a taste likely influenced by his British roots and extensive travels. After moving to Switzerland in his later years, he embraced local Swiss cuisine, which typically includes cheese, bread, and meats.

MUSIC AND ARTS Charlie Chaplin, the man who made us laugh and cry with his iconic Tramp character, began his journey to stardom in the dusty old music halls. A young, aspiring comedian, he bounced from one stage to another, honing his craft and learning the ropes of the entertainment business. At nineteen, he joined the Fred Karno company, which took him across the pond to the bustling streets of America.

It was in the United States that Chaplin's career truly took off. He was quickly discovered by the burgeoning film industry and began appearing in short films for Keystone Studios. And that's when he introduced the world to the Tramp – a lovable, downtrodden vagrant with a heart of gold. The Tramp was more than just a character; he was a reflection of Chaplin himself, a man who had known his fair share of hardship and adversity.

As Chaplin's popularity grew, so did his demands. He moved from one studio to the next, always seeking more control over his work and a bigger slice of the pie. By 1918, he was one of the highest-paid and most recognizable figures in the world.

But Chaplin wasn't content to be just another actor. He wanted to be in charge, to have complete artistic freedom. So, in 1919, he co-founded United Artists, a distribution company that gave him the power to produce his own films. His first feature-length film, The Kid, was a masterpiece of silent comedy, filled with both laughter and tears. He followed it up with a series of classics, including The Gold Rush, City Lights, and Modern Times.

As the talkies arrived, Chaplin initially resisted. He believed that silent films were a purer form of expression, and he continued to produce masterpieces without dialogue. But eventually, he embraced sound, and his first talkie, The Great Dictator, was a biting satire of Adolf Hitler.

Unfortunately, the 1940s were a turbulent time for Chaplin. He was accused of communist sympathies, and his personal life was a tabloid sensation. He was forced to leave the United States and settle in Switzerland.

Despite the controversies, Chaplin's legacy remains intact. His films are timeless works of art, filled with humor, pathos, and social commentary. He was a true visionary, a man who used his art to make a statement and inspire generations to come. And though the Tramp may be gone, his spirit lives on in the hearts of millions.

Chaplin had a deep appreciation for music and the arts. He was a skilled musician himself, playing the violin and piano. He often incorporated music into his films, using it to enhance the emotional impact of his storytelling.

A talented composer, Chaplin wrote the famous song "Smile" for his film Modern Times and "This Is My Song" for A Countess From Hong Kong."

LITERATURE Chaplin was a voracious reader and was well-versed in literature. He was influenced by the works of authors such as Charles Dickens and Mark Twain, which informed the intellectual and philosophical themes in his films.

September 1964 saw the publication of Charlie Chaplin's highly anticipated autobiography. The 500-page tome, titled My Autobiography, had been in the works for seven years, and fans were eager to delve into the life of the iconic comedian. The book quickly became a worldwide bestseller, capturing the imaginations of readers everywhere.

However, while the memoir offered a fascinating glimpse into Chaplin's early years and personal life, it was met with some criticism. Many readers felt that the book lacked sufficient detail about his illustrious film career, leaving them wanting more. 

NATURE Chaplin enjoyed the tranquility of nature, often retreating to his home in Switzerland later in life, surrounded by the serene landscapes near Lake Geneva.

PETS Chaplin owned several dogs throughout his life. His most famous pet was a terrier named "Buster," who appeared in several of his films.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Chaplin's hobbies included fishing, gardening, playing tennis, and an avid music lover, frequently playing the violin. 

He was also a keen observer of sports, particularly boxing and horse racing.

Chaplin also enjoyed attending events like sumo wrestling, which inadvertently saved his life during an assassination attempt in Japan in 1932.

SCIENCE AND MATHS Chaplin was fascinated by new technologies in film and sound, evident in his experimentation with film production techniques.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Chaplin’s films often contained philosophical themes, questioning social norms and highlighting the human condition. His work showed a deep empathy for the downtrodden and an enduring belief in the goodness of humanity.

Chaplin expressed a belief in a higher power but also questioned traditional religious doctrines.

POLITICS Chaplin was a political activist and was known for his left-wing views. He was a vocal critic of capitalism and inequality and supported progressive causes.

Chaplin’s perceived leftist sympathies led to controversy, including being accused of communist leanings, which resulted in his departure from the U.S. in 1952. He returned only in 1972 to receive an honorary Oscar. The 12-minute ovation he received was the longest standing ovation in Academy Award history.

SCANDAL Chaplin’s marriages, especially his union with underage Lita Grey, stirred scandal, and his political beliefs led to intense scrutiny during the McCarthy era, ultimately prompting his exile from the U.S.

MILITARY RECORD Chaplin did not serve in the military. However, he was involved in war relief efforts during World War I.

Although Chaplin was criticized for not enlisting in World War I, it was later revealed that he was rejected for being underweight and undersized.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Chaplin maintained a relatively healthy lifestyle. He was known to exercise regularly and eat a balanced diet. However, he struggled with health issues in his later years, including prostate cancer and a stroke that led to his death in 1977 at the age of 88. 

HOMES Chaplin designed his Beverly Hills residence, "Breakaway House," which became notorious for its rapid decay. He later moved to Switzerland, where he lived until his death.

TRAVEL Chaplin was a frequent traveler. He visited many countries around the world and was known for his adventurous spirit. His travels included a notable return to the U.S. in 1972 after 20 years of exile.

DEATH Charlie Chaplin died on December 25, 1977, at the age of 88. He is buried in Switzerland.

In a bizarre posthumous twist, his body was stolen from its grave on March 1, 1978 and held for ransom, but was recovered 11 weeks later.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Chaplin’s life and works have been extensively covered in documentaries, books, and biopics. His films, especially The Tramp, remain cultural touchstones.

Several biographical films have been made about Charlie Chaplin, capturing different aspects of his life, career, and legacy. Chaplin (1992) directed by Richard Attenborough is the most notable one. The movie portrays his rise from a childhood in poverty to becoming one of the most famous figures in Hollywood. It covers significant events in Chaplin's life, including his multiple marriages, his struggles with the press and government, and his complex persona. Robert Downey Jr. received critical acclaim for his portrayal of Chaplin and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actor.

The film is based on Chaplin's autobiography, My Autobiography, and the biography Chaplin: His Life and Art by David Robinson, giving it a comprehensive and detailed perspective of Chaplin's life.

Paolo Nutini samples a Charlie Chaplin speech from The Great Dictator in his 2014 song "Iron Sky" ("You are not machines! You are not cattle!").

ACHIEVEMENTS Chaplin received numerous accolades throughout his career, including two special Oscars. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II on March 4, 1975, and his influence on cinema remains profound and far-reaching.

Coco Chanel

NAME Gabrielle Bonheur "Coco" Chanel

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Coco Chanel was a renowned French fashion designer who revolutionized women's fashion with her simple, elegant designs. She is particularly known for introducing the "Little Black Dress," popularizing tweed suits and introducing the iconic Chanel No. 5 perfume.

BIRTH She was born on August 19, 1883, in Saumur, France, to an unwed laundrywoman mother, Eugénie "Jeanne" Devolle, and an itinerant street vendor father, Albert Chanel.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Chanel came from a humble and unstable family background. Her mother was a laundrywoman, and her father was a traveling salesman who sold work clothes and undergarments. After her mother died of bronchitis in 1895, Chanel’s father sent her and her two sisters to the convent of Aubazine, a home for abandoned and orphaned girls run by the Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Mary. Her two brothers were sent to work as farm labourers 

CHILDHOOD Chanel's childhood was marked by poverty, loss, and hardship. Following her mother's death, she spent six years at the convent of Aubazine, where she learned the discipline of sewing, which would later become the foundation of her career in fashion.

EDUCATION Chanel received a basic education at the convent of Aubazine, where she learned sewing, embroidery, and other practical skills that would later help her find employment as a seamstress.

CAREER RECORD Chanel began her career as a seamstress and cabaret singer, where she acquired the nickname "Coco." 

At age 23, she became the mistress of Étienne Balsan, a wealthy ex-cavalry officer, and heir to a textile fortune. 

She began designing hats as a hobby, which quickly evolved into a business. In 1910, she became a licensed milliner and opened her first boutique in Paris, followed by shops in Deauville and Biarritz. 

Chanel expanded her brand into haute couture, perfume (introducing Chanel No. 5 in 1921), and later accessories. Her business acumen and sense of style made her a leading figure in 20th-century fashion.

APPEARANCE Chanel was known for her slim figure, short hair, and often tanned skin—a departure from the pale look that was fashionable at the time. She frequently wore her own designs, favoring simple, elegant, and practical clothing that reflected her philosophy of understated luxury.

Chanel in 1931 By Los Angeles Times Wikipedia

FASHION Chanel transformed women's fashion by introducing comfortable, practical designs such as jersey suits, the "little black dress," and costume jewelry. She promoted a casual, chic look characterized by simplicity, elegance, and a sporty lifestyle. She also popularized short hair, tanned skin, and a relaxed, modern style for women.

CHANEL NO. 5 Now, Coco Chanel was a woman with a plan. She wanted a scent that was as iconic as her designs, something that would turn heads and command attention. So, she tapped the talents of Ernest Beaux, a Russian-born perfumer with a nose for the extraordinary.

Beaux presented her with a smorgasbord of scents, numbered from 1 to 5 and 20 to 24. Chanel sniffed through them, her expression a mix of disdain and intrigue. Then, she stopped. Number 5. That was it. That was the one.

"We'll call it number five," she announced, her voice dripping with confidence. "It's lucky. It's perfect."

And so, Chanel No. 5 was born. It was a radical departure from the syrupy sweet perfumes of the day. It was clean, sophisticated, and utterly unforgettable.

But Chanel wasn't content to simply create a great perfume. She wanted to make it the most expensive perfume in the world. And how do you do that? Well, you load it up with the most precious ingredient on the planet: jasmine. Jasmine, with its delicate, intoxicating aroma, was the gold standard of perfumery. It was also incredibly expensive to extract, making it the perfect ingredient for a luxury fragrance.

Chanel introduced the new perfume to some of her friends on May 5, 1921. Chanel No. 5 was a triumph. It was a testament to her vision, her taste, and her determination to create something truly exceptional. And to this day, it remains one of the most iconic and sought-after fragrances in the world.

CHARACTER Chanel was ambitious, fiercely independent, and unapologetically bold. She was known for her sharp wit, determination, and relentless drive to succeed, often challenging societal norms and expectations.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Chanel was known for her sharp, often biting wit. She famously quipped about turning down marriage proposals from the Duke of Westminster, saying, "There have been several Duchesses of Westminster. There is only one Chanel."

RELATIONSHIPS Chanel had numerous relationships with wealthy and influential men, including Étienne Balsan, Arthur "Boy" Capel, the Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia, and the Duke of Westminster. She never married, choosing instead to maintain her independence and focus on her career.

MONEY AND FAME Chanel amassed significant wealth through her fashion empire and the sale of her signature perfume, Chanel No. 5. 

On May 17, 1947 she pulled off a masterstroke. After some shrewd negotiations, she'd managed to snag a hefty chunk of the wartime profits from her signature scent, Chanel No. 5. The windfall was nothing short of staggering – roughly the equivalent of nearly $10 million in today's dough.

But that wasn't all. Chanel had also secured a sweet deal for the future: a 2% cut of all Chanel No. 5 sales, worldwide. Talk about a golden goose! With that kind of income, she was looking at a projected annual haul of $25 million. Suddenly, Coco wasn't just a fashion icon; she was one of the richest women on the planet.

FOOD AND DRINK Coco Chanel's dietary habits were simple and included a fondness for seafood and champagne. She believed that consuming wine and caviar would help maintain her youthfulness. Chanel famously remarked, “I only drink champagne on two occasions: when I am in love and when I am not,” highlighting her enjoyment of this beverage.

Additionally, her routine included indulgences such as a sweet croissant with dark chocolate after her daily walks, indicating a balanced approach to her diet that allowed for both health and pleasure

MUSIC AND ARTS Chanel had a deep appreciation for the arts, including music and ballet. She was friends with artists like Pablo Picasso, Igor Stravinsky, and Sergei Diaghilev, and she supported the Ballets Russes by designing costumes for their productions.

LITERATURE Chanel read widely and was influenced by literature. She was friends with many writers, including Jean Cocteau, who admired her intellect and taste.

Numerous biographies have been written about Chanel, including Chanel and Her World (2005) by her friend Edmonde Charles-Roux

NATURE Chanel appreciated nature, often drawing inspiration from it in her designs, such as the camellia flower, which became a signature motif of her brand.

PETS Chanel loved animals, particularly dogs. She was often seen with her beloved dogs, which were a constant presence in her life.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Chanel was known for her love of horseback riding, a passion she developed during her early years with Étienne Balsan. She also enjoyed sports like tennis and swimming, which were reflected in her designs that favored comfort and ease of movement.

SCIENCE AND MATHS Her business acumen demonstrated a keen understanding of finance, marketing, and brand management.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Raised in a convent, Chanel’s early life was influenced by Catholicism, but she later distanced herself from formal religion. Her philosophy emphasized independence, simplicity, and the importance of personal style.

POLITICS Chanel was not openly political, but her associations during World War II and her attempt to take advantage of Jewish business partners during the Nazi occupation reflected controversial political entanglements.

SCANDAL Chanel's reputation was tarnished by accusations of collaboration with the Nazis during World War II. She had an affair with Baron Hans Günther von Dincklage, a German intelligence officer, and attempted to take control of her perfume company from her Jewish business partners, the Wertheimer brothers, during the Nazi occupation of France.

MILITARY RECORD Chanel was controversially linked to German intelligence during World War II.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS  Chanel maintained a slim and athletic figure, likely due to her active lifestyle, which included sports such as riding, tennis, and swimming.

HOMES Chanel lived at the luxurious Ritz Hotel in Paris for over 30 years, including during the German occupation of World War II. She also had residences in Switzerland and on the French Riviera.

TRAVEL Chanel traveled extensively, particularly throughout Europe, as part of her business ventures and personal relationships.

DEATH Chanel died on January 10, 1971, in her apartment at the Ritz Hotel in Paris, where she had lived for more than three decades.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Coco Chanel has been extensively portrayed in various media forms over the years, cementing her status as a cultural icon. 

Here are some key appearances of Coco Chanel in media:

Films: 

Chanel Solitaire (1981): An earlier biopic starring Marie-France Pisier as Chanel.

Coco Before Chanel (2009): A biographical film starring Audrey Tautou as the young Chanel, focusing on her early life and rise to fame.

Coco Chanel & Igor Stravinsky (2009): Another biographical film exploring Chanel's alleged affair with composer Igor Stravinsky.

Television:

Coco Chanel (2008): A TV movie starring Shirley MacLaine as the 70-year-old Chanel, depicting her comeback in the 1950s.

Cristóbal Balenciaga (2023): A Disney+ mini-series where Chanel is portrayed by Anouk Grinberg.

The New Look (2024): An Apple TV+ series featuring Juliette Binoche as Chanel during World War II and the early post-war era.

Theatre:

Coco (1969): A Broadway musical starring Katharine Hepburn as Chanel, set during her 1953-1954 comeback.

Coco Chanel: The Life of a Fashion Icon (2023): A ballet co-produced by Atlanta Ballet, Hong Kong Ballet, and Queensland Ballet.

Documentaries:

Coco Chanel Unbuttoned (2023): A BBC documentary exploring the complexities of Chanel's life and legacy.

ACHIEVEMENTS Chanel  is credited with transforming women's fashion, liberating them from restrictive clothing, and introducing a modern, casual style that remains influential today. 

Chanel was the only fashion designer named on Time magazine's list of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century.

The House of Chanel continues to be a major force in the fashion world, maintaining its status as a member of the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture in Paris.

Raymond Chandler

NAME Raymond Thornton Chandler

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Raymond Chandler is best known as a pioneer of hard-boiled detective fiction, credited with elevating the genre to literary status through his novels featuring private detective Philip Marlowe. His work was highly influential in shaping American film noir.

BIRTH Raymond Chandler was born on July 23, 1888, in Chicago, Illinois, USA.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Chandler was born to an American father, Maurice Chandler, a civil engineer, and an Irish mother, Florence Thornton. After his father, who struggled with alcoholism, abandoned the family, Chandler's mother moved them to England to seek a better life and education for him. Chandler was also a first cousin to the actor Max Adrian, a founding member of the Royal Shakespeare Company.

CHILDHOOD Chandler spent his early years in Plattsmouth, Nebraska, with his mother and father, living near his cousins and his aunt and uncle. After his father abandoned the family, when Raymond was 7, they moved to the London Borough of Croydon in England. There, they were supported by another uncle, a reluctant but successful lawyer in Waterford, Ireland. Chandler spent some summers with his mother’s family in Waterford.

The abandonment of his father had a significant impact on Chandler.

EDUCATION Chandler received a classical education at Dulwich College in London, an institution known for its prestigious alumni, including P.G. Wodehouse and C.S. Forester. He did not attend university but spent time in Paris and Munich to improve his foreign language skills.

CAREER RECORD Chandler initially worked in the British Civil Service but found it unsatisfactory and left to try his hand at journalism, which also proved unsuccessful. 

In 1917, he joined the Canadian Expeditionary Force and later underwent flight training with the Royal Air Force. 

After the war, he returned to the United States, where he worked as an oil executive until he was dismissed due to his problematic behavior. 

During the Great Depression, Chandler turned to writing, publishing his first story, Blackmailers Don't Shoot, in 1933. He became a renowned novelist and screenwriter, with his first novel, The Big Sleep, published when he was 50.

APPEARANCE Chandler was often described as a tall, slender man with a serious demeanor, usually seen in conservative suits that reflected his understated style. He had a gaunt face, deep-set eyes, and a cigarette or pipe perpetually dangling from his lips.

Chandler c. 1943

FASHION Chandler favored a classic and reserved fashion style, often opting for well-tailored suits and understated colors.

Chandler's attention to fashion extended beyond his own wardrobe; he infused detailed descriptions of clothing into his literary works, particularly through his iconic character, Philip Marlowe. Marlowe is noted for wearing a shaggy Borsalino hat, which is a type of felt hat known for its quality and style. Additionally, he often sported a rough gray sports coat adorned with white golf balls as buttons, a brown shirt, and a yellow tie. His trousers were typically pleated gray

CHARACTER Chandler was known for his intelligence, wit, and often melancholic disposition. His work revealed a complex personality that was both cynical about human nature and idealistic about justice and integrity. He was often described as a loner who preferred solitude to social interaction.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Chandler had a dry, sardonic wit, often displayed in his writing, which included clever wordplay, sharp dialogue, and ironic observations about society and human behavior.

RELATIONSHIPS Chandler had a long and complicated relationship with Pearl Eugenie "Cissy" Pascal, a woman 18 years his senior, whom he married on February 6, 1924. After her death in 1954, he struggled with loneliness and depression, never fully recovering from the loss.

MONEY AND FAME Chandler achieved financial success and fame relatively late in life. Despite his late entry into the literary world, he became one of the most celebrated writers of detective fiction, with his books and film adaptations gaining significant acclaim.

FOOD AND DRINK Chandler had a penchant for alcohol, especially whiskey, which greatly impacted his personal and professional life. He struggled with alcoholism throughout his life, and it worsened after Cissy's death. e also had a fondness for good food, especially seafood.

MUSIC AND ARTS Chandler appreciated the arts and was known for his love of jazz and classical music. His writing often references art, music, and culture, indicating a broad range of interests.

LITERATURE Chandler was influenced by writers like Erle Stanley Gardner, and his work is noted for its stylistic and thematic complexity, combining the gritty realism of detective fiction with the narrative sophistication of literary fiction.

Imagine a world where the sun beats down on a city like a relentless judge, where the streets are a labyrinth of shadows and danger. This is the world of Raymond Chandler's Philip Marlowe, a detective who's as tough as the city he calls home.

Chandler, a man who once traded in oil barrels for words, stumbled into the world of detective fiction during the Great Depression. His first stories were gritty, filled with the kind of characters you'd find in a back alley bar fight. Marlowe, his most iconic creation, was a man of few words but with a heart of gold hidden beneath a cynical exterior.

Chandler's novels were more than just mysteries; they were character studies, explorations of the human condition in a world gone awry. He had a way of painting pictures with words, making you feel the heat of the summer, the chill of a winter night, and the desperation of a man on the edge.

But Chandler wasn't just a storyteller; he was a critic, too. He wrote about the art of detective fiction, laying out the rules for the genre. For him, the detective had to be a man of honor, a hero in a world without heroes.

Marlowe, Chandler's creation, became the quintessential private eye. Played by actors like Humphrey Bogart, he was a symbol of a bygone era, a time when men were tougher and the world was simpler.

So the next time you're looking for a good mystery, pick up a Raymond Chandler novel. You'll find a world of shadows, danger, and a hero who's as tough as the city he calls home.

NATURE Chandler's novels often evoke a sense of place, particularly the natural and urban landscapes of Los Angeles, which became almost a character in his stories.

PETS Raymond Chandler had a black Persian cat named Taki.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Chandler's hobbies included reading, writing, and playing chess. He was also interested in sports, particularly boxing.

Chandler enjoyed writing poetry, and he continued to write romantic poetry throughout his life. He also had a passion for languages and spent time abroad to improve his language skills.

SCIENCE AND MATHS Chandler's meticulous attention to detail and structure in his plots suggests an analytical mind.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Chandler often explored themes of morality, justice, and existential questioning in his work, reflecting a deep engagement with philosophical issues.

POLITICS Chandler's writing often reveals a critical view of political corruption and social injustices, especially in the context of mid-20th century America.

SCANDAL Chandler's dismissal from his job as an oil executive was surrounded by scandal due to his alcoholism, absenteeism, and inappropriate behavior with female employees. His personal life was also marked by gossip regarding his relationship with Cissy, who was significantly older and previously married.

MILITARY RECORD Chandler served with the Canadian Expeditionary Force during World War I and later joined the fledgling Royal Air Force. He saw combat in the trenches of France,.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Chandler was twice hospitalized with Spanish flu in the late 1910s.

Chandler suffered from alcoholism throughout his life, which contributed to various health problems, including depression. After Cissy's death, his mental health deteriorated further.

His physical health was often compromised by his excessive drinking and smoking. He suffered from a number of health problems, including heart disease.

HOMES Chandler lived in various locations throughout his life, including London, Los Angeles, and La Jolla, California. After Cissy's death, he briefly returned to England before settling back in La Jolla.

TRAVEL Chandler traveled extensively during his life, including time spent in England, France, Germany, and the United States. His experiences abroad influenced his worldview and writing style.

DEATH Raymond Chandler died aged 70 on March 26, 1959, at Scripps Memorial Hospital in La Jolla, California, from pneumonia, peripheral vascular shock, and prerenal uremia. He is buried at Mount Hope Cemetery in San Diego, California.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Chandler’s work has been adapted into numerous films and TV shows, most notably The Big Sleep (1946) and The Long Goodbye (1973). He also worked on several screenplays, including Strangers on a Train with Alfred Hitchcock.

ACHIEVEMENTS Chandler’s novels and short stories are celebrated for their rich portrayal of Los Angeles and have influenced the hard-boiled detective genre and American film noir. Despite his struggles, he achieved lasting literary acclaim, and his work remains a benchmark in crime fiction.

Jackie Chan

NAME Jackie Chan (born Chan Kong-sang)

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Jackie Chan is a legendary Hong Kong actor, martial artist, stuntman, singer, director, producer, and screenwriter. He is known for his acrobatic fighting style, comic timing, and innovative stunt work.

BIRTH Jackie Chan was born on April 7, 1954, in Victoria Peak, British Hong Kong.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Chan's family was very poor; so much so that he was almost sold to a wealthy British couple when he was a baby. His parents, Charles and Lee-Lee Chan, later migrated to Australia, where they worked as a cook and housekeeper for the American embassy in Canberra. Jackie joined them in 1971.

CHILDHOOD Jackie Chan was sent to the China Drama Academy, a Peking Opera School, at the age of seven. He trained intensively in martial arts, acrobatics, and singing under the strict guidance of Master Yu Jim-yuen. During this time, he also appeared in his first film, Big and Little Wong Tin Bar (1962), which was thought to be a lost film until it resurfaced on YouTube in 2016.

EDUCATION Chan did not attend a traditional school, instead focusing on his training at the drama academy.

In 1971, Chan moved to Canberra, Australia, to join his parents. He briefly attended Dickson College and worked as a construction worker. 

CAREER RECORD While working as a construction worker in Canberra, a fellow builder named Jack took the teenage Chan under his wing, which earned him the nickname "Little Jack," It was later shortened to "Jackie," a name that stuck with him for the rest of his life.

Chan began his career as a stuntman and extra in Hong Kong cinema, appearing in Bruce Lee's Fists of Fury and Enter the Dragon as a teenager. He eventually found his calling in combining comedy with martial arts, a genre he helped popularize with films such as Drunken Master. 

Chan's career spans decades and includes numerous hit films such as Police Story, Rush Hour, and The Karate Kid. He has directed several films and has also produced his own movies. Chan is known for his daring stunts and creative choreography, often performing his own stunts.

APPEARANCE Jackie Chan is known for his energetic and agile physical appearance, characterized by his lean build and a distinctively playful smile. He often dyes his hair black and wears a variety of hairstyles.

Chan in 2002 by U.S. Navy photo by Photographer’s Mate 3rd Class Lee M. McCaskill -

FASHION Chan's fashion is often casual and practical, reflecting his martial arts background. He often wears comfortable, loose-fitting clothes suitable for his dynamic movements. In public appearances, he frequently opts for traditional Chinese attire or simple, stylish suits.

CHARACTER Jackie Chan is widely recognized for his perseverance, optimism, and humility. He has a reputation for being hardworking, always striving to perfect his craft and never shying away from a challenge. His approachable nature and commitment to his work have endeared him to fans worldwide.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Chan is known for his playful and light-hearted sense of humor, often seen in his films where he mixes comedy with martial arts. His humor often includes slapstick, clever wordplay, and an ability to make fun of himself, which has made his movies popular across different cultures.

RELATIONSHIPS In 1982, Jackie Chan married Joan Lin, a Taiwanese actress. They have a son, Jaycee Chan, who is also an actor and singer. Chan had an extra-marital affair with Elaine Ng Yi-Lei, which resulted in a daughter, Etta Ng Chok Lam, born on January 18, 1999. The affair caused a media scandal, though Chan later expressed regret over the incident.

MONEY AND FAME Chan achieved immense fame and wealth through his career in the film industry, becoming one of the most recognized and highest-paid actors in the world.. He’s got fans all over the world, from the East to the West. He’s got stars on the Walk of Fame and even an honorary Oscar. You’ll see references to him everywhere – in songs, cartoons, movies, and video games. And he’s a real philanthropist, frequently donating to various causes and organizations.

Despite his success, Chan has often spoken about the challenges of fame.

FOOD AND DRINK Jackie Chan enjoys a variety of Chinese and international cuisine but has often expressed a preference for simple, home-cooked meals. He maintains a balanced diet to stay in shape for his physically demanding roles. Chan is also known to be a fan of tea.

MUSIC AND ARTS After bustin’ his chops as a stuntman in a bunch of Hong Kong flicks, Jackie Chan finally got his big break in 1978 with Snake in the Eagle’s Shadow. He followed that up with more kung fu comedy gold like Drunken Master and The Young Master. By 1979, he was even directing his own movies, like The Fearless Hyena. 

But it was 1983’s Project A that really put him on the map, with his own stunt team and that crazy blend of martial arts, slapstick, and danger. He kept pushing the envelope with movies like Wheels on Meals and Police Story. By the 1990s, Chan was a global superstar with hits like Rumble in the Bronx and the Rush Hour series. And in 2010, he showed he could do more than just kick butt with The Karate Kid.

Chan is also a skilled martial artist and has choreographed many of his own fight scenes.

In addition to his film career, Chan is also a successful singer. He began his professional singing career in the 1980s and has released 20 albums since 1984 in multiple languages, including Cantonese, Mandarin, Japanese, Taiwanese, and English. He often performs the theme songs for his movies, such as "Kung Fu Fighting Man" from The Young Master (1980), and even sang the Cantonese version of "I'll Make a Man Out of You" for Disney's Mulan.

LITERATURE Chan has authored several books, including his autobiography, I Am Jackie Chan: My Life in Action (1998), which details his personal and professional journey.

NATURE Jackie Chan is an advocate for environmental conservation and has been involved in various initiatives promoting wildlife preservation and sustainable living.

PETS Chan is known to be a dog lover and has owned several dogs throughout his life.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Chan is a passionate martial artist and has trained in a variety of styles, including kung fu, karate, and taekwondo. 

He is also a fan of sports, particularly basketball and soccer. Chan supports the Hong Kong national football team, the England national football team, and Manchester City. 

SCIENCE AND MATHS Chan's work as a director and stuntman involves a deep understanding of physics and the mechanics of movement.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Chan has expressed a pragmatic approach to life and success, emphasizing hard work, persistence, and a willingness to take risks. He often speaks of using his experiences to inspire others to overcome their own challenges.

POLITICS After the 1997 handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to China, Chan's political stance shifted from pro-democracy to pro-Beijing. He performed at the Concert for Democracy in China in 1989 but later expressed a desire to join the Chinese Communist Party.

SCANDAL Chan faced a significant scandal regarding his extramarital affair with Elaine Ng Yi-Lei, which resulted in a daughter born in 1999. The incident caused a media frenzy, and Chan later expressed regret over his actions.

MILITARY RECORD Jackie Chan has no formal military record, though he has portrayed numerous military and law enforcement roles in his films.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Chan is known for his physical fitness and rigorous training routines, which he maintains to perform his own stunts. However, he has suffered numerous injuries over his career, including a fractured skull, dislocated pelvis, and multiple broken bones.

HOMES Chan owns multiple properties around the world, including homes in Hong Kong, Australia, and the United States.

TRAVEL Due to his international fame, Chan has traveled extensively for both work and philanthropy, visiting numerous countries across Asia, Europe, and the Americas.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Chan has been a cultural icon and has appeared in various media, including movies, television shows, video games, and songs. He has inspired the character Hitmonchan in Pokémon and has been referenced in numerous other forms of entertainment, such as the anime Dragon Ball.

ACHIEVEMENTS Chan has won numerous awards throughout his career, including an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film for Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon (as an executive producer). He is considered one of the most influential and iconic figures in the history of Hong Kong cinema.