Hector Berlioz

NAME: Hector Berlioz

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Hector Berlioz was a French Romantic composer known for his innovative orchestration, vivid musical imagery, and expressive compositions, such as the Symphonie fantastique and his opera, Les Troyens.

BIRTH: Hector Berlioz was born on December 11, 1803, in La Côte-Saint-André, France.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: Berlioz was born into a family of physicians. His father, Louis Berlioz, was a respected local physician, while his mother, Marie-Antoinette-Josephine, came from a wealthy family. He had five siblings, three of whom died in infancy.

CHILDHOOD: Berlioz grew up in a comfortable and cultured environment. Despite showing an early interest in music, his father initially wanted him to study medicine, but eventually supported his musical aspirations. Louis Berlioz invited many music masters to settle in the town so the boy would be exposed to a rich musical environment. 

EDUCATION: Berlioz initially studied medicine in Paris as his father wished, but spent more time at the opera and library. His passion for music led him to pursue composition and music theory at the Paris Conservatoire.

CAREER RECORD: Berlioz's career was marked by innovation and controversy. He struggled with traditional forms and structures, preferring to explore his own musical ideas. Despite facing criticism from conservative elements, his works eventually gained recognition for their originality and emotional depth. Here's his resume.

Composed numerous orchestral works, operas, and choral pieces throughout his career.

Became a renowned conductor, championing his own works and those of other composers.

Wrote music criticism, promoting progressive musical ideals.

APPEARANCE: Berlioz was described as tall and thin with a prominent nose and expressive eyes. He had a striking presence and intense gaze.

The young Berlioz

FASHION: Berlioz dressed in the fashion of his time, favoring elegant attire appropriate for his social standing as a respected composer.

CHARACTER: Berlioz was passionate and fiercely independent, often challenging the conventions of his era. He possessed a restless creative spirit and a deep sensitivity to the human experience, which he expressed through his music.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Berlioz was known for his wit and humor, often displayed in his writings and correspondence.

RELATIONSHIPS: Berlioz had a tumultuous romantic life, marked by infatuation and heartbreak. His most famous relationship was with the Irish actress Harriet Smithson, whom he idolized and later married.

It all started at a September 11, 1827 performance of Hamlet, of all things. Berlioz, a young, unknown musician, falls head over heels for a fiery Irish actress named Harriet Smithson. Now, a little infatuation is one thing, but Berlioz went full lovelorn puppy, showering her with unanswered letters that would make a Hallmark card writer cringe. Undeterred, and perhaps a touch melodramatic, he pours his unrequited passion into his most famous work, the Symphonie Fantastique. Think of it as a musical journey through love's crazy rollercoaster, complete with a dream sequence where he, well, let's just say eliminates his beloved (thankfully, only in the music).

While recoiling from his obsession with Smithson, Berlioz, ever the romantic, sets his sights on a young pianist named Marie. This time, the feeling is mutual, but true love wasn't on the menu. When Marie ditched him for a richer dude, Berlioz hatched a revenge plot so outlandish it would make a James Bond villain raise an eyebrow. Disguised as a lady's maid (yikes!), he planned to confront the happy couple with pistols and poison! Thankfully, common sense prevailed, and Berlioz ditched this operatic revenge fantasy before things got messy.

Eventually, Harriet graced a performance of the very symphony inspired by her. One might think this would rekindle the romance, but fate, it seems, had a different plan in mind. Harriet's career was on life support, and Berlioz wasn't exactly swimming in cash. So, on October 3, 1833, they got married., a union more about practicality than passion. It lasted a decent chunk of time, with a son thrown in for good measure, but eventually fizzled out.

Portrait of Harriet Smithson (1800-1854) by Dubufe, Claude-Marie

In 1840, Berlioz crossed paths with a singer named Marie Recio. Sparks flew, and by 1844, they were living together. For nearly two decades, they were a team – she, the singer, and him, the well, the famously dramatic composer.  Berlioz finally tied the knot with Marie on October 19, 1854 at a Parisian church. Sadly, their love story was cut short. Marie passed away in 1862 at the young age of 48, leaving a heartbroken Berlioz behind.

MONEY AND FAME: While Berlioz achieved fame as a composer, he struggled financially for much of  his life, relying on commissions, concerts, and occasional financial support from patrons to make ends meet. Financial success came later in life, primarily through performances abroad.

FOOD AND DRINK: Berlioz enjoyed fine dining and appreciated the culinary arts, often indulging in French cuisine and wine.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Berlioz admired composers like Beethoven and Weber.

As a composer, Berlioz was at the forefront of the Romantic movement, incorporating literary and artistic influences into his music to create vivid and evocative works.

Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique, inspired by a failed love affair (shocker!), was a total game-changer. It was like a musical story, taking you on a journey through love's sweet torture, complete with a dream sequence where he, ahem, eliminates his beloved (thankfully, just in the music). This symphony, with its "program" woven into the music, basically invented a whole new genre – program music.

Berlioz didn't stop there. He went on to compose masterpieces like Les Troyens, a monumental opera that was both wildly romantic and surprisingly restrained (think Shakespeare meets a toga party, but with way more class). Then there were his other hits: Harold in Italy, a musical travelogue that would make you want to pack your bags, the dramatic symphony Roméo et Juliette, and the hauntingly beautiful La damnation de Faust.

Oh, and did I mention the man loved a good show? One concert he conducted in Paris featured an orchestra of 1,022 performers, bigger than your average town fair, with enough double basses to make your house vibrate and a harp brigade that would put a medieval banquet to shame. Now that's how you make music!

LITERATURE: Berlioz was well-read and drew inspiration from literature, particularly the works of Shakespeare, Goethe, and Byron, which influenced many of his compositions.

Berlioz also had a practical side, which is probably why he decided to become a music critic. Imagine a world where music reviews were actually entertaining to read! Berlioz, made that happen. He started slinging critiques in the 1830s and became a legend for his sharp wit and passionate pronouncements. It was like a rock concert reviewer got loose in the classical music world.

Speaking of groundbreaking, Berlioz also wrote a book on orchestration in 1843. His Treatise on Instrumentation wasn't your average "How to Play the Triangle for Dummies" guide. It was a deep dive into the world of musical instruments and how to make them sing (or blare, depending on the instrument). This book became a bible for composers, and even today musicians are flipping through its pages for inspiration.

His Mémoires were published posthumously in 1870.

NATURE: Berlioz had a deep appreciation for nature, which he often depicted in his music through vivid and colorful orchestration. This is evident in works like Harold in Italy.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Berlioz was primarily focused on music and composition. There are no documented hobbies or athletic pursuits beyond his dedication to music.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: While not extensively documented, Berlioz likely had a basic understanding of science and mathematics, as required by his education.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Berlioz was known for his skepticism and rationalism, which he expressed through his music and writings. He explored philosophical themes in his music, such as love, death, and the nature of the artist.

SCANDAL: Berlioz's unconventional approach to music and his personal life sometimes caused controversy, but he embraced his role as a provocateur and remained true to his artistic vision.

MILITARY RECORD  Berlioz witnessed the Napoleonic Wars during his childhood, which influenced his later compositions.   

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Hector Berlioz suffered from recurring illnesses throughout his life. The exact nature of these ailments remains unclear, but historical accounts mention stomach problems, nervous disorders, and possibly even depression.

His demanding career as a composer and conductor, often involving travel and irregular schedules, likely contributed to his health struggles.

HOMES: Berlioz lived in various locations throughout his career, constantly on the move due to professional opportunities. Here are some notable residences:

La Côte-Saint-André, France (Childhood): His birthplace and childhood home.

Paris, France (Majority of Career): Lived in various apartments and lodgings in Paris throughout his life.

London, England (Multiple Visits): Spent significant periods in London conducting and promoting his work.

Germany (Touring): Toured German cities conducting his own compositions and those of others.

TRAVEL Berlioz was a well-traveled figure due to the demands of his career. He undertook extensive concert tours and conducting engagements across Europe, including:

Germany: Toured extensively in Germany, particularly Leipzig and Berlin.

England: Frequent visits to London for concerts and promoting his music.

Austria: Conducted in Vienna and other Austrian cities.

Italy: Toured Italy, drawing inspiration for works like Harold in Italy.

DEATH: His mental and physical health declined rapidly in the late 1860s and Berlioz died a rather disconsolate figure in Paris on March 8, 1869. 

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Berlioz's life and music have been celebrated in various media formats:

Biographical Films: Films like La Symphonie Fantastique (1946) and Hector Berlioz: The Man Who Invented Music (2003) explore his life and work.

Documentaries: Several documentaries delve into his musical innovations and influence, such as Berlioz and the Birth of Romanticism (2018).

Recordings: Countless recordings exist of his orchestral works, operas, and other compositions by renowned conductors and orchestras.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Berlioz's achievements include pioneering new techniques in orchestration, expanding the possibilities of musical expression, and leaving behind a rich and influential body of work that continues to inspire musicians and audiences to this day.

Irving Berlin

NAME: Irving Berlin

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Renowned American composer and lyricist, famous for composing enduring classics such as "White Christmas," "God Bless America," and "There's No Business Like Show Business."

BIRTH: Irving Berlin was born on May 11, 1888, in Tyumen, Russian Empire (now Russia).

FAMILY BACKGROUND: He was born as Israel Isidore Beilin to Jewish cantor Moses Beilin and Lena Lipkin Beilin, Jewish immigrants from Siberia. The family later emigrated to the United States to escape religious persecution.

CHILDHOOD: Berlin's childhood was marked by poverty and hardship, as his family struggled to make ends meet in New York City's Lower East Side. Despite the challenges, Berlin developed a love for music and taught himself to play the piano.

EDUCATION: Berlin received little formal education, leaving school at a young age to help support his family by working odd jobs. His education in music was primarily self-taught, learning to play the piano by ear and soaking up the vibrant musical culture of New York City.

CAREER RECORD: Berlin's career as a songwriter and composer spanned over six decades, during which he wrote hundreds of songs for Broadway musicals, Hollywood films, and popular recordings. His contributions to American music are immeasurable, with many of his songs becoming timeless classics. Here's his resume: 

Published his first song, "Marie from Sunny Italy," in 1907.

Composed numerous international hits like "Alexander's Ragtime Band" (1911), "White Christmas" (1940), "Puttin' on the Ritz" (1929), and countless others.

Wrote music and lyrics for Broadway shows like Annie Get Your Gun (1946) and Easter Parade (1948).

Co-founded the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP).

Won an Academy Award, a Tony Award, and a Grammy Award.

APPEARANCE: Short in stature, with dark hair and eyes, Berlin was often described as unassuming in appearance, with a humble demeanor that belied his immense talent and success.

Irving Berlin in 1943

FASHION: Berlin's fashion sense was simple and practical, reflecting his no-nonsense approach to life and work.

CHARACTER: Berlin was known for his work ethic, humility, and unwavering dedication to his craft. He was a perfectionist who tirelessly honed his songs until they achieved the level of excellence he demanded.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Irving Berlin's wit and sense of humor were evident not only in his personal interactions but also in his song lyrics.  His playful use of language and clever turns of phrase added another layer of enjoyment to his music..

RELATIONSHIPS: Berlin was married twice, first to Dorothy Goetz in February 1912 after a whirlwind romance. She died four months later of typhoid fever contracted during their honeymoon in Havana, Cuba. Berlin's new bride was buried in Forest Lawn Cemetery, and for the next thirteen years he placed flowers regularly on her grave until he remarried

The ballad Berlin wrote to express his grief, "When I Lost You", was an immediate popular hit and sold more than a million copies. 

Berlin's second marriage was to author and heiress Ellin Mackay, daughter of the head of the Postal Telegraph Cable Company, Clarence Mackay. She was some fifteen years his junior and Ellin's father had opposed their relationship from the start. Irving wooed her with letters and songs over the airwaves such as "Always". They eloped and were married on January 4, 1926 in a simple civil ceremony at New York's Municipal Building away from media attention.

Their marriage remained a love affair and they were inseparable until she died on July 29, 1988 at the age of 85. They had four children during their 63 years of marriage. 

Berlin and Ellin c1926

MONEY AND FAME: Irving Berlin achieved both wealth and fame during his lifetime, becoming one of the most successful and celebrated songwriters of the 20th century. Berlin became a millionaire through his successful songwriting career.

Irving Berlin co-owned the Broadway Music Box Theatre from its opening in 1921. He was still checking the theater's receipts in 1989.

FOOD AND DRINK: Berlin had simple tastes when it came to food and drink, preferring classic American dishes and enjoying an occasional drink with friends.

MUSIC AND ARTS: As a composer and lyricist, Berlin had a profound impact on American music and culture, shaping the sound of Broadway and Hollywood with his memorable melodies and insightful lyrics.

Berlin's big break came in 1906 when he landed a gig as a singing waiter at a joint called the Pelham Café. Now, this wasn't exactly the Four Seasons, but hey, it was a roof over his head and a captive audience for his warbling. One such captive audience member was Harry Von Tilzer, a big shot in the music biz. Tilzer must have liked what he heard, because he snatched Irving right up and put him to work singing tunes at Tony Pastor's Music Hall, practically the ground zero of vaudeville.

Irving churned out his first song, "Marie from Sunny Italy," the following year, and pretty soon he was a regular on the hit parade. Then came "Alexander's Ragtime Band" in 1910. This wasn't just a hit, it was a phenomenon. Sheet music sales went through the roof, faster than a squirrel on espresso. People were humming that ragtime all over the world, from Zanzibar to Kalamazoo.

Fast forward a few decades, and Irving's still cranking out classics. He wrote "White Christmas" for the movie Holiday Inn, and Bing Crosby recorded it on May 29, 1942. The song practically invented the whole Christmas pop song industry. Apparently, Irving had a good feeling about this one. He even told his secretary, with all due modesty of course, that it was the best song ever written. 

On top of being a chart-topping songwriter, Irving was also a key player in the evolution of popular music. He wasn't afraid to experiment, taking things from jazzy ragtime to smooth swing and heart-wrenching ballads. The man was a melody machine, and he didn't need fancy sheet music to get the job done. He'd just hum his tunes to a secretary who'd translate them into those squiggly lines us normal folks call notation. Stranger things have happened, but not many that have resulted in such catchy songs.

LITERATURE: While Berlin's primary focus was on music, he had a deep appreciation for literature and often drew inspiration from poetry and storytelling in his songwriting.

NATURE: Berlin found solace and inspiration in nature, often taking long walks in the countryside to clear his mind and recharge his creative energies.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Berlin enjoyed playing golf and spending time outdoors, but his true passion was always music, which consumed much of his time and attention.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: While not formally trained in science and mathematics, Berlin had a keen understanding of musical theory and composition, which he applied with skill and precision in his songwriting.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Berlin's worldview was shaped by his Jewish faith and the immigrant experience, which instilled in him a sense of resilience, optimism, and gratitude.

SCANDAL: Berlin's life was relatively free from scandal, as he focused on his music and avoided the trappings of celebrity culture.

MILITARY RECORD: Berlin dabbled in a bit of military service during World War I. Drafted at the ripe old age of 30, the army figured his songwriting skills were more valuable than his ability to dig trenches. So they stuck him with his fellow soldiers, and out came an all-soldier musical revue titled Yip Yip Yaphank. Not exactly Fight Club, but hey, every war needs a good soundtrack, right?

In 1942 Berlin wrote and produced the musical revue This Is the Army, using only military personnel. 

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Berlin maintained good health throughout much of his life, thanks to regular exercise and a balanced diet. However, he faced health challenges in his later years, including a series of strokes.

HOMES: Irving Berlin lived in various residences throughout his life, primarily in New York City.  He enjoyed a comfortable lifestyle and owned a home on Beekman Place, a prestigious Manhattan address. and a country estate in Connecticut, where he found peace and inspiration.

Berlin bought his mother a house out of the royalties for "Alexander's Ragtime Band".

TRAVEL: Berlin traveled extensively throughout his career, performing his music on Broadway stages, Hollywood soundstages, and concert halls around the world.

DEATH: Irving Berlin passed away in his sleep on September 22, 1989, at the age of 101, leaving behind a legacy of timeless music and enduring melodies that continue to captivate audiences to this day.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Irving Berlin's immense popularity led to him making occasional appearances in films and on radio programs.  However, he wasn't a performer himself and preferred to focus on creating music behind the scenes.  His true legacy lies in the countless recordings and stage productions that brought his songs to life.

ACHIEVEMENTS Irving Berlin's achievements are monumental. Here are just a few highlights:

Composed over 1,500 songs, many of which became enduring classics.

Revolutionized popular music with his innovative use of ragtime and other styles.

Won an Academy Award for Best Original Song for "White Christmas" (1942).

Received Tony Awards for his contributions to Broadway musicals.

In 1955 President Dwight D. Eisenhower presented Berlin with a special medal authorized by Congress for his patriotic songs.

Co-founded ASCAP, ensuring songwriters received proper compensation.

Wrote iconic patriotic songs like "God Bless America" that continue to resonate deeply.

Achieved international fame and recognition for his music.

Ingrid Bergman

NAME: Ingrid Bergman (She was named after Princess Ingrid of Sweden).

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Renowned Swedish actress known for her versatile performances in classic films such as Casablanca, Notorious, and Gaslight.

BIRTH: Ingrid Bergman was born on August 29, 1915, in Stockholm, Sweden.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: She was the daughter of Justus Samuel Bergman, a photographer, and Frieda Adler Bergman, an artist and homemaker. Her family had artistic inclinations, which influenced her interest in acting from a young age.

CHILDHOOD: Ingrid experienced significant loss early on. When she was three years of age, her mother died. Her father passed away when she was thirteen. After his death, she was then sent to live with her paternal aunt, who died of heart complications only six months later. Ingrid then lived with her paternal uncle Otto and his wife Hulda, who had five children of their own.

Ingrid Bergman aged 14

Despite the hardships, Ingrid developed a love for the performing arts. She often participated in school plays and amateur theater productions.

EDUCATION: Ingrid attended the Royal Dramatic Theatre School in Stockholm, where she honed her acting skills and began her journey towards a successful career in acting.

Bergman possessed proficiency in multiple languages: Swedish (her mother tongue), German (learned from her German mother and in school), English (acquired upon her move to the United States), Italian (picked up during her time in Italy), and French (learned in school). Furthermore, she showcased her linguistic versatility by acting in each of these languages at different points in her career.

CAREER RECORD: Bergman's career spanned several decades and included numerous critically acclaimed performances on stage, screen, and television. She won three Academy Awards for Best Actress and is remembered as one of the greatest actresses of Hollywood's Golden Age. Here's her resume:

Began her career in Swedish films, gaining recognition for her natural charm and talent.

Hollywood breakthrough came in the 1939 remake of Intermezzo.

Throughout the 1940s and 50s, she delivered iconic performances in films like Casablanca, Gaslight (winning her first Academy Award), Notorious, Joan of Arc, and Anastasia (winning her second Academy Award).

Collaborated with renowned directors like Alfred Hitchcock, George Cukor, and Roberto Rossellini.

Faced public scandal in the 1950s for her relationship with Rossellini, but her talent and determination prevailed.

Continued to act in films and on stage throughout her career, winning numerous accolades.

APPEARANCE: Ingrid Bergman was known for her natural beauty, with striking features and an elegant presence that captivated audiences. She had a classic, timeless appeal that contributed to her success as a leading lady in Hollywood.

Press release publicity photo of Ingrid Bergman for film Gaslight (1944). 

FASHION: Ingrid Bergman was a style icon whose influence transcended the silver screen. Known for her elegant and timeless looks, she embodied a sophisticated yet approachable aesthetic. Here are some hallmarks of her signature style:

Bergman favored well-tailored suits and dresses that accentuated her figure. She often opted for classic cuts with clean lines, creating a look that was both polished and powerful.

Even in her most glamorous roles, Bergman never appeared overdressed. She preferred to keep accessories simple and let the quality of the garments speak for themselves.

Bergman could effortlessly adapt her style to suit the character she was portraying. From the sophisticated Ilsa Lund in Casablanca to the downtrodden Paula Alquist in Gaslight, her clothing choices were always believable and purposeful.

CHARACTER: She was known for her intelligence, determination, and professionalism both on and off-screen. Bergman was highly respected by her peers for her dedication to her craft and her commitment to delivering authentic performances.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: While Bergman was known for her seriousness in her roles, she had a playful and witty side in her personal life. She enjoyed sharing jokes and anecdotes with friends and colleagues.

RELATIONSHIPS: Bergman had several high-profile relationships throughout her life, including three marriages.

In 1937, Ingrid Bergman married dentist Petter Lindström. However, twelve years later, she faced a public scandal due to her affair with Italian director Roberto Rossellini during the filming of Stromboli. This controversy compelled her to return to Europe. Shortly after the release of the film, she gave birth to a son, Robertino. Within a week of his birth, she divorced Dr. Lindstrom and married Rossellini in Mexico. For the following seven years, Bergman resided in Italy until their divorce in 1957.

On December 21, 1958, Bergman wed Lars Schmidt, a theatrical entrepreneur hailing from a prominent Swedish shipping family. She met Schmidt through her publicist, Kay Brown. Their marriage lasted almost two decades before they divorced in 1975. 

Bergman and Schmidt 1961 e http://proxy.handle.net/10648/a9cd6fa2-d0b4-102d-bcf8-003048976d84

Despite the ups and downs of her personal life, Bergman remained dedicated to her career and family.

MONEY AND FAME: Ingrid Bergman achieved both wealth and fame during her illustrious career, becoming one of the most recognizable and respected actresses in Hollywood history. She commanded high salaries for her acting roles.

FOOD AND DRINK: Bergman enjoyed simple and healthy meals, often incorporating fresh fruits and vegetables into her diet. She also had a fondness for Swedish cuisine, particularly traditional dishes like gravlax and meatballs.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Bergman had a deep appreciation for music and the arts, often attending concerts, operas, and art exhibitions in her free time. She also enjoyed playing the piano and painting as creative outlets.

Imagine a time before Netflix binges and superhero flicks. A time when movie stars were glamorous and shrouded in a bit of mystery. Ingrid Bergman? That was one such legend. This Swedish firecracker was tearing up the silver screens back home when Hollywood came knocking, offering her a one-way ticket to Intermezzo (the American remake, not the Swedish one, though she was in that too, because why not?).

Now, Bergman wasn't exactly known for her on-set speed. In fact, her nickname among the crew was "Betterlater" because, well, she apparently wasn't always on point in those first takes. But hey, practice makes perfect, and Bergman certainly perfected her craft.

Over the next few decades, she flitted between Hollywood and Europe, dazzling audiences in classics like Casablanca, which premiered in New York City on November 26, 1942. Unlike some actors who are typecast, Bergman bounced between genres like a champion ping pong player. One minute she's fighting Nazis in For Whom the Bell Tolls, the next she's getting psychoanalyzed by Gregory Peck in Spellbound.

LITERATURE: Bergman was an avid reader and had a particular fondness for classic literature, often citing authors such as Shakespeare, Chekhov, and Tolstoy as influences on her work.

NATURE: Bergman found solace and inspiration in nature, often retreating to quiet countryside retreats to recharge and reconnect with the natural world.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: In addition to acting, Bergman enjoyed gardening, hiking, and horseback riding. She also had a passion for skiing and often spent time on the slopes during the winter months.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: While Bergman's career focused primarily on the arts, she had a curious mind and maintained an interest in science and mathematics throughout her life.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Bergman had a deep spiritual side and explored philosophical and theological themes in both her personal life and her work as an actress.

POLITICS; Regarding Nazis, Bergman had a bit of a…misjudgment there. Apparently, she initially wrote Hitler and his cronies off as a passing fad, a bit like a bad case of the sniffles. Let's just say her perspective changed a tad when World War II rolled around.

SCANDAL: Bergman faced controversy in her personal life, particularly regarding her relationship with director Roberto Rossellini, which led to a temporary exile from Hollywood. Her divorce from Dr. Lindstrom in 1950 to marry Roberto Rossellini was so scandalous a US Senator proposed a bill that would require films to be rated not just for on screen content, but the moral character of the actors involved as well. However, she ultimately made a triumphant return and continued to receive acclaim for her performances.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Bergman maintained a healthy lifestyle throughout her life, prioritizing exercise, proper nutrition, and self-care to ensure she remained fit and energetic.

Bergman became a smoker after needing to smoke for her role in the 1948 film Arch of Triumph.

HOMES: Ingrid Bergman's life took her to various corners of the world, and her homes reflected her diverse experiences. Here's a glimpse into some of her residences:

Stockholm, Sweden: Bergman grew up in a Stockholm apartment, where her passion for acting likely blossomed.

Hollywood Hills: During her Hollywood heyday, Bergman resided in a luxurious home in the Hollywood Hills. This residence undoubtedly reflected the glamour associated with her movie star status.

Stromboli, Italy: After her relationship with Roberto Rossellini sparked a scandal, they settled on the volcanic island of Stromboli, Italy. Here, they embraced a more rustic lifestyle.

Paris, France: Bergman eventually settled in Paris, France, where she lived for many years. This sophisticated European city likely offered a sense of peace and privacy.

TRAVEL: Bergman traveled extensively for both work and pleasure, exploring different cultures and landscapes around the world. Her travels influenced her worldview and enriched her performances as an actress.

DEATH: Ingrid Bergman passed away on August 29, 1982, in London, England, at the age of 67.  She had been battling breast cancer for several years. Her body was cremated at Kensal Green Cemetery, London and her ashes taken to Sweden. Bergman's death marked the end of an era for cinema, leaving behind a rich legacy of unforgettable performances.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Bergman's life and work have been celebrated in numerous biographies, documentaries, and retrospectives, highlighting her contributions to the world of cinema and her enduring impact on popular culture.

Though Bergman's official website calls her role of Ilsa Lund in Casablanca, her "most famous and enduring role," the Swedish actress' personal feelings about the movie were more complex. She had some reservations about the script and the direction of her character, Ilsa. She felt that the script was unclear and that the love triangle between her, Rick Blaine (Humphrey Bogart), and Victor Laszlo was not fully developed. Additionally, she was dissatisfied with the lack of depth in her character and the rushed nature of the love scenes.

However, it's important to note that despite these reservations, Bergman recognized the film's impact and its enduring popularity. She acknowledged that Casablanca had become a classic and that her performance in the film had contributed to her fame.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Ingrid Bergman's achievements extend far beyond her impeccable fashion sense and worldly travels. Here are some of her most notable accomplishments:

Academy Award wins: Bergman is one of the most decorated actresses of all time, having won three Academy Awards for Best Actress (Gaslight, Anastasia, and murder On The Orient Express).

Pioneering roles: She played a pivotal role in portraying strong and complex female characters on screen, breaking away from traditional stereotypes.

International stardom: Bergman achieved international fame and recognition, captivating audiences worldwide with her talent and beauty.

Enduring legacy: Her influence on cinema continues to inspire generations of actors and filmmakers.

Karl Benz

NAME: Karl (or Carl) Benz

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Inventor of the first practical automobile powered by an internal combustion engine.

BIRTH: Karl Benz was born on November 25, 1844, in Mühlburg, in the Grand Duchy of Baden (now part of Germany).

FAMILY BACKGROUND: He was born to a locomotive driver, Johann George Benz, and Josephine Vaillant, a housewife. His father's occupation likely influenced his interest in machinery and engines from an early age.

CHILDHOOD: When he was two years old, his father died of pneumonia and Karl was raised by his widowed mother in near poverty.

Growing up in a working-class family, Karl was exposed to the world of machinery and engineering from a young age. He showed an early interest in mechanical devices and often tinkered with various gadgets.

EDUCATION: Benz attended the local Grammar School in Karlsruhe and later studied at the Poly-Technical University in Karlsruhe, where he developed his skills in engineering.

CAREER RECORD: After completing his education, Benz worked as a draftsman in various firms before founding his own company, Benz & Cie., which later became Mercedes-Benz. Here's his resume:

1864-1866: Worked as a fitter at Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe.

1866-1870: Worked as a draftsman and designer at Waagen- und Maschinenfabrik Schweizer.

1871: Co-founded Iron Foundry and Machine Factory (later Benz & Cie.) with August Ritter.

1885: Built the Benz Patent Motorwagen, considered the first practical modern automobile.

1886: Received a patent for the Motorwagen.

Continued developing and refining automobiles throughout his career.

APPEARANCE: Benz was described as a tall, imposing figure with a prominent jawline and piercing eyes. He often dressed in formal attire, reflecting his status as a successful businessman.

Abb. 1. Carl Benz, der Erfinder des Automobils

FASHION: Benz preferred traditional and conservative attire, typically wearing suits and ties befitting his role as an entrepreneur.

CHARACTER: Benz was known for his determination, innovation, and entrepreneurial spirit. He was driven by a desire to create groundbreaking inventions that would revolutionize transportation. Benz faced financial difficulties and skepticism about his automotive ideas but never gave up.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: While Benz was focused on his work, he was known to have a dry wit and enjoyed sharing jokes with close friends and colleagues.

RELATIONSHIPS: Benz married Bertha Ringer on July 20, 1872. Bertha was a strong supporter of his work and famously took his car on a long-distance journey to prove its practicality.

They had five children: Eugen (1873), Richard (1874), Clara (1877), Thilde (1882), and Ellen (1890)., 

MONEY AND FAME: Karl Benz initially faced financial struggles while developing his automobile. That first Motorwagen set eager drivers back a cool $1,000 – a hefty price tag for a machine that likely rattled more windows than it impressed. Still, Benz persevered, and in those first five years, he managed to sell a whopping 69 cars. Not exactly a production line humming with activity, but a start nonetheless. 

He later achieved both wealth and fame through his groundbreaking inventions, particularly the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, which is widely regarded as the world's first automobile.

His company, Benz & Cie., ., based in Mannheim, became a giant in the auto industry, eventually merging with Daimler to form the Mercedes-Benz empire we know today.

FOOD AND DRINK: Benz preferred simple, hearty meals, typical of the German cuisine of his time. He enjoyed traditional dishes such as sausages, potatoes, and beer.

MUSIC AND ARTS: While Benz appreciated music and the arts, his passion lay primarily in the field of engineering and invention.

LITERATURE: Benz had a keen interest in literature, particularly scientific and technical publications that could further his understanding of engineering principles.

NATURE: Despite his busy schedule, Benz enjoyed spending time outdoors, particularly in the countryside, where he found inspiration for his inventions.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: In his leisure time, Benz enjoyed gardening and tinkering with mechanical devices. He also had a passion for horseback riding and hunting.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: Benz excelled in the fields of science and mathematics, applying his knowledge to the design and construction of his pioneering automobiles.

INVENTIONS Karl Benz wasn't exactly the type to win the Indy 500. In the late 1870s, this German fellow was tinkering away with a two-stroke engine, the kind of thing that would make your average lawnmower sound like a purring kitten. But Benz wasn't aiming for manicured meadows. He had a grander vision, and in 1885, he squeezed his puny petrol engine into a three-wheeled carriage, thus birthing the granddaddy of all automobiles – or, as it was probably called back then, the "putt-putt that doesn't need a horse." 

On January 29, 1886 Karl Benz received the patent for his "horseless carriage" - the first car with an internal combustion engine.

This marvel of engineering, the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, was unveiled in all its glory on July 3, 1886. It was revolutionary, sure, but revolutionary slow. We're talking speeds that would make a snail raise an eyebrow. But hey, it was a start! And who needs breakneck velocity when you have the thrill of a brand new invention that doesn't require oats and a stable?

A photograph of the original Benz Patent-Motorwagen, first built in 1885

Benz wasn't just about horseless carriages. He was also the guy who brought us the first motorized lorry in 1895, proving his engine wasn't just for leisurely (and smelly) Sunday drives

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: While Benz was primarily focused on his scientific pursuits, he held a deep respect for philosophy and theology, viewing them as complementary to his work.

SCANDAL: Benz's career was relatively free from scandal, although he faced challenges and controversies from competitors and detractors who doubted the viability of his automobile designs.

MILITARY RECORD: Benz did not have a notable military record, as his talents were primarily focused on engineering rather than military service.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Despite the demanding nature of his work, Benz maintained good health throughout much of his life, thanks to regular exercise and a balanced diet.

HOMES: Benz lived in various locations throughout his life, including Karlsruhe and Mannheim, where he established his engineering workshops.

The Carl-Benz-Gymnasium Ladenburg in Ladenburg, where he lived until his death, is named in his honor.

TRAVEL: While Benz traveled extensively for business purposes, particularly to promote his automobiles, he also enjoyed leisure travel with his family.

Now, Benz wasn't one to just putter around his own driveway. His wife, Bertha, a woman who clearly wasn't afraid of a little adventure (and possibly looking to escape the fumes), took the Motorwagen on a rather grand trip n August 5, 1888. We're talking over 100 kilometres – a daring feat in a contraption that coughed more than a smoker with a head cold. This little joyride of Bertha's is now celebrated as the Bertha Benz Memorial Route, a testament to both her adventurous spirit and the fact that someone probably needed a good whiff of fresh air after spending too much time around Karl's invention.

DEATH: Karl Benz passed away on April 4, 1929, aged 84, in Ladenburg, Germany, leaving behind a legacy of innovation and entrepreneurship that continues to inspire engineers and inventors to this day.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Benz's life and inventions have been celebrated in numerous books, films, and documentaries, highlighting his contributions to the automotive industry and technological innovation.

In 2011, a dramatized television film about the life of Carl and Bertha Benz was made named Carl & Bertha which premiered on May 11. 

ACHIEVEMENTS: Karl Benz's most significant achievement was the development of the Benz Patent-Motorwagen in 1885, widely regarded as the world's first automobile powered by an internal combustion engine. His innovative designs laid the foundation for the modern automotive industry and revolutionized transportation worldwide.

Jeremy Bentham

NAME Jeremy Bentham

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Jeremy Bentham is famous for being a philosopher, social reformer, and legal theorist. He is considered one of the founders of modern utilitarianism.

BIRTH Jeremy Bentham was born on February 15, 1748, in Houndsditch, London, England.

FAMILY BACKGROUND Bentham was from a wealthy and influential family who supported the Tory party. His father, Jeremiah Bentham, was a successful attorney, and his mother, Alicia Grove, came from a family of merchants. His family life reflected a mix of Enlightenment rationalism and religious piety.

CHILDHOOD Jeremy Bentham grew up in a privileged household. Considered a prodigy, he received an education at home before attending Westminster School. He was groomed for a legal career

EDUCATION Jeremy Bentham was practically spoon-fed learning from day one. By the time he could wobble on his chubby legs, there he was, knee-deep in a massive history of England at his dad's desk. Latin followed at the ripe old age of three, and then, just to show off, he waltzed into Oxford at the tender age of twelve.

Bentham studied Queen's College, Oxford. where he excelled academically. He later studied law at Lincoln's Inn and was called to the bar in 1769.

CAREER RECORD Although qualified as a lawyer,  Bentham didn't practice. Instead, he set his sights on ripping the whole legal system apart and rebuilding it from the ground up, along with a shiny new theory of law and morality for good measure. He started by churning out short works bursting with his ideas, like a legal reform happy meal.

Bentham focused on philosophical and reformist writings. He advocated for social and legal reforms based on utilitarian principles, aiming to maximize happiness and minimize suffering.

APPEARANCE Bentham was described as having a plain and unassuming appearance, often seen in simple clothing. He was likely of average height with a round face.

Portrait of Jeremy Bentham by Thomas Fyre

FASHION Bentham's attire was conventional for his time, reflecting his focus on intellectual and academic pursuits rather than fashion.

Notably, he wore a distinctive round hat.

CHARACTER Bentham was known for his sharp intellect, rationality, and dedication to social improvement through legal and ethical reforms. He could be critical and impatient with those who disagreed with him.

SENSE OF HUMOUR Bentham had a dry and analytical sense of humor, often employing wit in his philosophical writings. He sometimes used satire to make his points.

RELATIONSHIPS Bentham never married and had no children

He had close friendships with other intellectuals and reformers, including James Mill and John Stuart Mill, who were influenced by his ideas.

MONEY AND FAME Although born into wealth, Bentham used his resources to support his intellectual pursuits rather than seeking riches.

He achieved fame within philosophical and reform circles, but wasn't widely known by the general public.

FOOD AND DRINK Bentham's lifestyle was modest, and he focused more on intellectual pursuits than culinary interests.

MUSIC AND ARTS Bentham had a limited interest in music and the arts, preferring academic and philosophical endeavors.

LITERATURE An avid reader, Bentham was influenced by Enlightenment thinkers like John Locke and David Hume. Their focus on reason, empiricism, and individual rights greatly shaped his own philosophical ideas.

Bentham was a prolific writer, producing numerous books, articles, and pamphlets advocating for utilitarian reform. His most famous works include A Fragment on Government (1776) and An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1780). He argued in the latter that the proper objective of all conduct and legislation is "the greatest happiness of the greatest number."

NATURE While not a prominent theme in his writings, Bentham valued rational inquiry and scientific observation.

Bentham owned a cat called Langbourne who he fed on macaroni. Over time, Langbourne's name became The Reverend Sir John Langbourne, D.D. (Doctor of Divinity). 

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Bentham's primary interests were in philosophy, law, and social reform, leaving little time for recreational hobbies or sports.

Bentham called his a favorite walking stick ‘Dapple’.

SCIENCE AND MATHS Bentham had a keen interest in science and mathematics, applying empirical methods to his philosophical investigations.

One of Bentham's big contributions was the "felicific calculus" – basically a way to weigh up pleasures and pains with a handy calculator (or at least that was the idea). This would then help figure out laws that made the most people happy, the greatest number and all that. Sure, some folks poked fun at its lack of precision, but Bentham countered that it was a work in progress, not a magic happiness formula.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY The founder of modern utilitarianism, which emphasizes the importance of maximizing happiness and minimizing suffering in ethical decision-making.

He challenged traditional religious authority and advocated for a secular society.

SCANDAL Bentham's life was relatively scandal-free, focused instead on intellectual pursuits and social reform.

MILITARY RECORD Bentham did not have a military career but dedicated his life to legal and philosophical pursuits.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Bentham's health was generally robust, allowing him to pursue his intellectual work until his later years. He continued to write up to a month before his death.

HOMES Bentham lived most of his life in Westminster, London, England. His home, known as Queen Square Place, became a center of intellectual activity.

Bentham designed the house himself, incorporating features that reflected his utilitarian principles, such as maximizing efficiency and natural light.

The Panopticon is a type of institutional building designed by Bentham.  Imagine a prison where the inmates could never tell if they were being watched, always feeling those watchful eyes. That's the Panopticon. Bentham spent ages dreaming up the design, but the government wasn't buying it. Still, it's a clever idea, even if it is a bit creepy. Think CCTV cameras everywhere – that's the Panopticon principle in action, according to some social critics.

Elevation, section and plan of Bentham's panopticon prison, drawn by Willey Reveley in 1791

TRAVEL Bentham himself did not travel extensively. However, his ideas traveled far and wide.

His writings on utilitarianism and legal reform influenced political and social movements throughout Europe and the Americas. The United States Declaration of Independence, for instance, echoes some of Bentham's ideas on individual rights and the pursuit of happiness.

DEATH Bentham died on June 6, 1832 aged 84 at his residence in Queen Square Place.

Bentham wasn't exactly shy about what should happen to him after he shuffled off this mortal coil.  His body was to be dissected and preserved, with the skeleton eventually assembled and displayed in a seated position, clothed in his usual attire at University College London. A bit out there, sure, but hey, to each their own.

And so it came to pass. There he sits, Bentham's skeleton, all dressed up with a wax head (the real one got mummified), in a glass case at UCL. He even gets to attend important university meetings – though whether he has much to say is another matter.

Bentham's head did have a bit of an adventure in 1975. Some pranksters from rival King's College nicked it, but thankfully, they returned it unharmed after a small ransom of £10 was paid to the homeless charity, Shelter. Just another day in the wild world of Jeremy Bentham.

Below is Bentham's auto-icon in a new display case at University College London's Student Centre in 2020.

By Philip Stevens - Own work,Wikipedia

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Bentham's preserved skeleton at University College London is a unique and enduring media presence.

His writings continue to be studied and debated by scholars and philosophers.

There have also been occasional documentaries and biographies exploring his life and ideas.

ACHIEVEMENTS Bentham's founding of modern utilitarianism remains a cornerstone of ethical and political thought.

His ideas on legal and social reform significantly impacted 19th-century society, influencing everything from prison design to the expansion of voting rights.

E. F. Benson

NAME: E. F. Benson (Edward Frederic Benson),  He was always known as Fred.

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: E. F. Benson was a renowned English writer known for his humorous and satirical novels, particularly the "Mapp and Lucia" series.

BIRTH: Edward Frederic Benson was born on July 24, 1867, in Wellington College, Berkshire, England.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: Benson came from a distinguished literary and academic family. His father was the headmaster of Wellington College, and his siblings included the writer and Egyptologist, Margaret Benson, and the author and scholar, Arthur Christopher Benson.

Edward White Benson, was later Archbishop of Canterbury for 13 years and devised the Nine Lessons And Carols Christmas service that's now used worldwide.

His mother Mary Sidgwick Benson (nicknamed Minnie), was a brilliant woman once described as "the cleverest woman in Europe" by Prime Minister William Gladstone.

Arthur Benson, wrote the lyrics to Elgar's "Land Of Hope And Glory" in 1902.

Robert Hugh Benson, was an English Catholic priest and  author of several novels and Roman Catholic apologetic works. 

The Benson brothers

CHILDHOOD: Growing up in a scholarly environment, Benson was exposed to literature and learning from a young age. He witnessed his father's strict demeanor and his mother's eventual mental breakdown.

EDUCATION: He attended Marlborough College and later studied at King's College, Cambridge, where he developed his literary skills. Benson was a member of the prestigious Pitt Club at Cambridge.

CAREER RECORD: E. F. Benson's career as a writer was prolific and diverse. He wrote novels, biographies, and ghost stories, but he is best remembered for his humorous and observant novels set in small English towns. Here's his resume; 

Began writing while still a student, publishing his first book, Sketches from Marlborough, at a young age.

Achieved early success with his novel Dodo (1893), a satirical social commentary.

Authored nearly 100 books throughout his career, including biographies of Queen Victoria, William Gladstone, and William II of Germany.

Became an honorary fellow of Magdalene College, Cambridge, later in life.

APPEARANCE: Benson was described as a tall and elegant figure, often impeccably dressed in the fashion of his time.

E.F. Benson

FASHION: Being a man of refined tastes, Benson likely adhered to the fashion norms of his era, favoring formal and tailored attire.

CHARACTER: Benson was known for his wit, charm, and sociability. He had a keen eye for social nuances and human behavior, which he often incorporated into his writing.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Benson's writing is characterized by its sharp wit and clever satire, particularly evident in his Mapp and Lucia series.

RELATIONSHIPS: Benson had a close relationship with his family, especially his brother A. C. Benson, with whom he collaborated on several literary projects.

He had close friendships with literary figures and members of high society, including Oscar Wilde and Margot Asquith.

Benson was an intensely discreet homosexual. He never married and had no children.

MONEY AND FAME: Benson achieved financial success through his writing, allowing him to live a comfortable life.

He enjoyed a degree of fame as a popular author, but not necessarily the level of celebrity sought by some.

FOOD AND DRINK: Benson enjoyed good food and drink, which often featured prominently in his novels, adding to the social and domestic settings.

MUSIC AND ARTS: He had an appreciation for the arts and cultural life, which influenced the settings and characters in his novels.

LITERATURE: As a prolific author, Benson contributed significantly to English literature, particularly through his humorous and keenly observed novels.

Benson churned out books like a one-man printing press – nearly 100 of them in his lifetime!  He wasn't fussy about genre, either, bouncing between hilarious social satires, spooky ghost stories, biographies of important folks (like Queen Victoria, no less), and even spilling the beans on his own life.

But Benson's real claim to fame is the "Mapp and Lucia" series. These novels are side-splitting chronicles of social climbing set in a fictional English seaside town.  Think "Keeping Up With the Kardashians" with a healthy dose of Jane Austen, and you're on the right track. Benson mercilessly poked fun at the upper classes, using his razor-sharp wit to expose their ridiculous antics and desperate attempts to outdo one another.

Of course, there's more to Benson than just Mapp and Lucia. He wrote stacks of other cracking novels, like Dodo and Mrs. Ames, that showed his talent for storytelling went way beyond satire. And he wasn't afraid to dabble in non-fiction either. He tackled biographies of bigwigs and even wrote a bit of history on the side, including a look at Athens, just to prove he wasn't all jokes and seaside squabbles.

NATURE: Benson had an affinity for the English countryside, often depicting its landscapes and seasons vividly in his writing.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Benson enjoyed gardening and traveling, both of which provided inspiration for his writing.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: While not primarily focused on science or mathematics in his work, Benson's writing often reflected a keen interest in human behavior and social dynamics.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Benson's work occasionally touched on philosophical and spiritual themes, but his primary focus was on satire and social commentary.

SCANDAL: There are no notable scandals associated with Benson's personal or professional life.

HOMES: Benson didn't settle in one place for too long. He lived in various locations throughout England, including London and Rye (where he served as mayor).

In London, Benson lived at 395 Oxford Street, W1, where much of the action of Lucia in London occurs. 

He spent time in other locations like Rye, in East Sussex, seeking inspiration and enjoying the change of scenery. Below is Lamb House, home of E. F. Benson and model for "Mallards" in the Lucia series

Photographed by Elizabeth B. Thomsen Wikipedia

TRAVEL: Benson traveled extensively, which provided him with material for his writing and enriched his observations of society.

DEATH: E. F. Benson passed away on February 29, 1940, in London, England, aged 72. 

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: His novels, particularly the "Mapp and Lucia" series, continue to be enjoyed by readers worldwide. Their comedic brilliance and timeless social commentary ensure their continued relevance.

Several of Benson's novels have been adapted for film and television, further extending his reach to new audiences.

ACHIEVEMENTS: E. F. Benson's enduring legacy lies in his witty and insightful portrayal of English society, particularly in the "Mapp and Lucia" series, which remains beloved by readers for its humor and keen observations of human nature. His contribution to English literature continues to be celebrated for its enduring charm and entertainment value.

St. Benedict of Nursia

NAME Saint Benedict of Nursia

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Benedict of Nursia is famous for founding the Benedictine Order and establishing the influential Rule of Saint Benedict, which became a foundational guide for Western monasticism.

BIRTH Benedict of Nursia was born around the year 480 AD in Nursia (modern-day Norcia), Umbria, about 85 miles north east of Rome. 

FAMILY BACKGROUND Young Ben was born into a distinguished Christian noble family who loved each other tenderly. All we know of his father was that he was a Roman noble.

He had a twin sister named Scholastica.

CHILDHOOD A pious and virtuous child, Ben's boyhood was spent in Rome, where he lived with his parents and attended the schools until he had reached his higher studies.

EDUCATION Ben was educated at home before being sent to Rome to study. Once there, the sight of the disorderliness of his fellow students made him fear they would influence him to turn to sin. He fled without completing his studies to the mountains (as one does).

CAREER RECORD After leaving his studies, Benedict pursued a life of solitary contemplation and eventually founded several monasteries, including the famous Monte Cassino Abbey. Here's his resume.

500 After retiring to the mountains at the (we're guessing here) the age of 20, Benedict took up an apartment (a cave actually) for several years during which he gained a following.

503 Stories of Benedict's virtues reached some monks at a monastery in the neighbourhood Their abbot having recently died, the community came to Benedict and begged him to become their boss. Benedict later gathered 12 small communities in the Aniane valley to devote to a life of prayer.

529 Benedict established his first monastery, the source of the Benedictine Order at Monte Cassino, a rocky hill about 80 miles southeast of Rome.

Benedict emphasised the role of manual labor as a God-given part of human life and a typical day for him was day centred around work, mainly manual labour and teaching, study, private prayer and communal services.

APPEARANCE Benedict is often depicted in religious art with a calm and thoughtful demeanor, dressed in the simple robes of a monk. Pictures of St Benedict show him to be balding. 

Saint Benedict by Hans Memling, Trittico di Benedetto Portinari, San Benedetto

FASHION The Benedictines were also known as "Black Monks" because in Summer they wore black robes and sandals. In Winter they wore woollen underclothes and fur boots.

Because Benedict never mentioned underpants in his instructions, his followers were not allowed to wear them.

CHARACTER According to the Penguin Dictionary of Saints, Benedict was "Single minded, composed and upright, a man of peace and moderation, practical. A loving father who combined insistence on good discipline with respect for human personality and individual capabilities."

SENSE OF HUMOUR Benedict's life was marked by seriousness and devotion, humor is not a characteristic commonly associated with him. In fact, he was a bit of a sourpuss, and banned all laughter from his monasteries.

RELATIONSHIPS Benedict had as many heirs as hairs-none.

Benedict's beloved twin sister, Scholastica, became a nun and leader of a community for women at Plombariola, about five miles from Benedict's abbey at Monte Cassino. They used to meet up once a year. On the appointed day Scholastica went to Monte Cassino. Benedict came to meet her; they passed some hours together in a guest house of the abbey and ate together, then each went their own way. Scholastica passed away on February 10, 543.

MONEY AND FAME The Benedictines took no vow of poverty. Each monastery was encouraged to be self-supporting.

While journeying on horseback one day, Benedict met a peasant walking along the road," you've got an easy job" said the peasant, "why don't I become a man of prayer. Then I too would be travelling on horseback." "You think praying is easy" replied the Saint". "If you can say one Lords Prayer without any distraction, you can have the horse." "It’s a bargain" said the surprised peasant". Closing his eyes and folding his hands he began to say the Lords Prayer aloud. "Our Father, who art in Heaven, hallowed be thy name, thy kingdom..." Suddenly he stopped and looked up "Shall I get the saddle and bridle too" he said...

INTERESTS FOOD AND DRINK Whilst living as a hermit for three years in his cave Benedict had bread lowered to him in a basket attached to a rope by Romanus, a monk living at one of the numerous monasteries nearby.

After founding the Benedictine order Benedict compiled a series of rules by which the Benedictine monks should live by. In his Rule he allocated each monk a pound of bread and two cooked dishes each day, though meat is forbidden.

Benedict wrote practically in his Rule "For the daily meal let there be two cooked dishes so that he who happens not to be able to eat of one may take his meal of the other. Avoid excess-above all things, that no monk shall be overtaken by indigestion."

In his Rule he allocated each monk a nemina (quarter of a litre) of wine each day. Benedict would like to have prohibited wine but he realized it would be an overly controversial measure, so he restricted his demands to banning drunkenness.

MUSIC AND ARTS Benedict valued the importance of sacred music and art in worship, which influenced the Benedictine tradition

Benedict liked paintings to have straight lines as straight lines reach God more easily.

LITERATURE Benedict's Rule became a cornerstone of Christian literature and has been widely studied and revered for its wisdom and practical guidance.

The oldest copy of the Rule of Saint Benedict, from the eighth century

A major contributor to preserving the literature of ancient Greece and Rome, Benedict was one of the first to insist that monks include intellectual labour in their duties and he specified a certain number of hours to be spent each day in the scriptorium.

The Rules of Benedict specified that monks should spend two hours a day reading Holy books.

During the Dark Ages copies of the masterpieces of Roman literature were preserved and recopied in the monasteries of the Benedictine monks.

NATURE Benedict had a deep appreciation for the natural world, seeing it as a reflection of God's glory and a source of spiritual inspiration.

The monks at Vicouano Monastery rebelled against the strict regime Benedict had imposed on them and arranged for poisoned bread to be given to him. However, a raven that daily used to come to him from the next wood, flew forward and tore the piece of bread away from the saint thus saving the life of his master.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Benedict's lifestyle focused on prayer, work, and study rather than leisure activities or sports.

SCIENCE AND MATHS While not known for scientific or mathematical pursuits, Benedict valued the importance of intellectual discipline and order.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY As I mentioned earlier in this Benedict fled to a cave on the face of a cliff in the mountains of Subiaco, disgusted at the vices of Rome. After three years in the cave, the fame of Benedict's virtues reached some monks whose abbot had just died and they insisted that he become his successor. Though Benedict remained in the cave, more and more disciples placed themselves under his guidance. Eventually he established an abbey at Vicovano to house the growing number of his followers. It was the first of twelve monasteries he built for them, each of twelve monks.

About 529 Benedict founded the Monte Cassino abbey on the site of an ancient temple dedicated to the God, Apollo. He established there his Rule of St Benedict, which he composed 15 years earlier. The rule encouraged monks to participate in manual labour and studying, a novel idea at the time, but a monument of wisdom that has survived the centuries. Benedict declared “Idleness is hostile to the soul, and the brethren should be occupied at fixed times in manual labour and at definite hours in religious reading.”

SCANDAL In his earlier monastic days as an abbot in North Italy attempts to impose high standards and his general holiness provoked monks to try to poison him by putting poison in his wine. The glass broke when Benedict, as was his custom, traced the sign of the cross over his drink. They then tried to poison his bread but the aforementioned crow swept in and took the loaf away.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Benedict performed many miracles including reviving a boy crushed to death by a fallen wall.

Benedict's Rule instructed his monks: “Before all things, care must be taken of the sick, so that they may be served in very deed as Christ himself…But let the sick on their part consider that they are being served for God’s honor and not provoke their brethren who are serving them by their unreasonable demands.”

HOMES I know I keep mentioning this, but Benedict fled from Rome to a cave in mountains of Subiaco at the age of 15 disgusted at the vices of city and spent three years in a cave on the face of a cliff in the desert. However in time he found he needed to establish places to house his followers and eventually established 12 monasteries which housed 12 monks each.

Benedict eventually left Subiaco and founded a monastery at Monte Cassino in AD529 on the site of an ancient temple dedicated to the god Apollo. It was so strongly built that weeks of bombardment by the allies during the Second World War could not destroy it. It is now a museum and picture gallery.

Monte Cassino Abbey By Monticiano Wikipedia

DEATH Benedict died on March 21, 547, aged 67 after he'd been taken without warning with a violent fever. The dying Benedict was carried into the chapel at Monte Cassino by his fellow Benedictines where he received communion before he drew his last breath standing erect supported by his disciples.

A few weeks after the death of his beloved sister Scholastica, Benedict had her tomb opened as he wished to be laid to rest beside her.  During the post war restoration of the Abbey at Mount Cassino an urn was discovered which is said to contain the remains of Benedict and Scholastica

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Benedict's life and teachings have been depicted in religious art, literature, and media, highlighting his enduring influence on Western spirituality.

In medieval Christian art, Benedict was generally portrayed with his friendly raven.

ACHIEVEMENTS (1) A Pioneer of monasteries in the West. Benedict's encouragement of monks to participate in manual labour and teaching was novel at the time.

(2) Founder of Benedictine order. After his death Benedictine orders were accepted by all the monks of the west . The Benedictine order was to be the most important order in Europe for many centuries and produced 50 Popes and many cardinals and Archbishops. By the 11th century they existed in great numbers in every country of Western Europe except Ireland. By the reformation there were almost 300 Benedictine monasteries and nunneries in England.

(3) In 1964 Benedict was appointed Patron Saint of Europe , but not the Patron Saint of baldness. His emblems include a broken cup and yep a raven.

Pope Benedict XVI

NAME: Pope Benedict XVI

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Former Pope of the Roman Catholic Church

BIRTH: He was born Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger on April 16, Holy Saturday, 1927 at Schulstraße 11 at 8:30 in the morning in his parents' home in Marktl, Bavaria, Germany.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: He was the son of Joseph Ratzinger, a police officer, and Maria Ratzinger (née Peil). He had an older brother, Georg, who also became a priest.

CHILDHOOD: Raised in a devout Catholic family, young Joseph experienced the challenges of growing up during the tumultuous years of Nazi Germany. He served in the Hitler Youth, which was mandatory for boys his age.

Benedict described his childhood as shaped by faith and music.

EDUCATION: He pursued his education in theology and philosophy, attending several institutions including the Higher School of Philosophy and Theology of Freising and the University of Munich.

CAREER RECORD: Ordained as a priest in 1951, Ratzinger served as a professor of theology at various universities, rising to become Archbishop of Munich and Freising in 1977. Here's his resume:

Professor of Theology at several German universities

Archbishop of Munich and Freising (1977-1982)

Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (1981-2005)

Elected Pope Benedict XVI in 2005

APPEARANCE: Pope Benedict XVI had piercing blue eyes and a thoughtful expression. He was a frail and scholarly figure in later years. 

FASHION: His fashion was characterized by simplicity and adherence to traditional papal garments,  including the white cassock, red shoes, and zucchetto (skullcap).

Benedict XVI during a canonization mass by Kancelaria Prezydenta RP - prezydent.pl, Wikipedia

CHARACTER: Known for his intellectual depth, humility, and commitment to doctrinal orthodoxy, Benedict XVI was often described as reserved and scholarly. He was known for his humility and kindness.

On top of his native German, Benedict could hold his own in French, Italian, English, and Spanish. He even dabbled in Portuguese, Latin, and a few biblical languages for good measure.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: While he maintained a serious demeanor, Pope Benedict XVI was known to appreciate wit and humor in appropriate settings.

RELATIONSHIPS: His most significant relationship was with his brother, Georg Ratzinger, with whom he shared a lifelong bond.

MONEY AND FAME: As Pope, Benedict XVI lived a humble life, focused on spiritual and pastoral responsibilities rather than personal wealth or fame.

FOOD AND DRINK: His diet reportedly consisted of simple Bavarian fare, reflecting his roots.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Pope Benedict XVI had a deep appreciation for classical music and traditional sacred art.

He played the piano and had a preference for Mozart and Bach.

LITERATURE: Benedict wasn't shy about putting pen to paper. He churned out mountains of writing, all in defense of good old-fashioned Catholic traditions, values, and rituals. He started out as a bit of a theological maverick, but by the late 60s, he'd swung firmly into the conservative camp. 

NATURE: He admired the beauty of nature and often emphasized the importance of environmental stewardship.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Benedict was known for his love of classical music and reading, he enjoyed playing the piano and spending quiet time in prayer and contemplation.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: While his primary focus was theology, he appreciated the value of scientific inquiry and intellectual rigor.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: By the late 1950s, Ratzinger was already a rockstar theologian, a real heavyweight in the world of religious scholarship. They didn't mess around back then; he snagged a full professorship at the tender age of 31.

For years, he bounced around German universities, a professor of theology leaving minds suitably boggled wherever he went. Then, in 1977, came a surprise promotion – Archbishop of Munich and Freising, a curious choice for someone who hadn't exactly spent his career elbows deep in the everyday hustle of parish life. But hey, the Pope – Paul VI, at the time – clearly saw something special in him.

Five years later, in 1981, Ratzinger landed another bigwig job: Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Now, that's a fancy title for you, basically putting him in charge of making sure Catholic doctrine stayed on the straight and narrow. By 2002, he'd climbed even higher, becoming Dean of the College of Cardinals. By the time he finally reached the top spot, the papacy in 2005, he was already a major player on the Vatican stage, whispering wisdom in John Paul II's ear and shaping the direction of the Church for a good 25 years.

He also had a bit of a thing for aesthetics, this Pope Benedict. He brought back some old-school traditions, like the Tridentine Mass, and even loosened the reins on using Latin again. He saw the Church and the arts as natural pals, and even brought back some classic papal garb, earning himself the nickname "The Pope of Aesthetics."

But all good things must come to an end. In 2013, at a sprightly 86 years old, Benedict surprised everyone by announcing his resignation. He blamed his advancing age and a dwindling supply of mental and physical stamina. It was a big deal – the first papal resignation since the Middle Ages, in fact. He stepped down on February 28th, making way for Pope Francis, and settled into a posh new retirement pad – the Mater Ecclesiae Monastery, right there in the Vatican.

One of the most influential Catholic theologians of the 20th century, Benedict XVI emphasized reason, faith, and the importance of tradition. His writings focused on systematic theology, biblical theology, and the Church Fathers.

Benedict sought to defend Catholic doctrine in the face of modern secularism.

SCANDAL: He faced criticism for his handling of child sexual abuse cases during his time as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (1981-2005). Though he took steps to address the issue, some critics felt he did not do enough. This remains a stain on Benedict's legacy.

Benedict's handling of sexual abuse cases within the Catholic Church and opposition to usage of condoms in areas of high HIV transmission led to  criticism from public health officials, anti-AIDS activists, and victim's rights organizations

MILITARY RECORD: Benedict served in a labor unit of the German wartime anti-aircraft corps during World War II. He deserted towards the end of the war. This experience likely influenced his later commitment to peace and reconciliation

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: In his later years, Benedict XVI faced health challenges, including arthritis and a stroke. Ultimately, declining health was a major factor in his decision to resign the papacy in 2013.

HOMES Benedict lived in various locations throughout Germany during his academic career, including Freising, Bonn, and Munich.

Following his election as Pope in 2005, his primary residence became the papal apartments in the Apostolic Palace within the Vatican City.

Castel Gandolfo, the papal summer residence outside Rome, also served as a temporary home during his papacy.

TRAVEL: Pope Benedict XVI traveled extensively during his pontificate, visiting numerous countries to promote interfaith dialogue and Catholic unity.

Benedict never learned to drive, but was licensed to fly a helicopter.

DEATH: Pope Benedict XVI died on December 31, 2022, at the Mater Ecclesiae monastery within the Vatican City. Millions around the world mourned his passing.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: He made numerous public appearances during his papacy, addressing global audiences and engaging in dialogue with various religious and cultural leaders.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Pope Benedict XVI's legacy includes his contributions to Catholic theology, his efforts to strengthen interfaith relations, and his commitment to upholding traditional Catholic teachings during a challenging period in the Church's history.