Akhenaten

NAME: Akhenaten was originally named Amenhotep IV, meaning "Amun is satisfied". He changed his name to Akhenaten, meaning "Effective for the Aten", in the fifth year of his reign.

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Akhenaten is famous for his religious reforms, his artistic style, and his family life. He abandoned the traditional worship of many gods and focused on the cult of Aten, building a new capital city called Akhetaten (modern Amarna) and closing the temples of other gods. 

Akhenaten also introduced a new artistic style that depicted him and his family in a more naturalistic and exaggerated way, showing their emotions and physical features. 

BIRTH: Akhenaten was born around 1380 BC, the son of Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye. He was probably the second son, but his older brother Thutmose died young, making him the heir to the throne.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: Akhenaten came from a powerful and wealthy family that ruled Egypt for over a century. His father Amenhotep III was a successful and popular pharaoh who expanded Egypt's influence and prestige. His mother Tiye was a strong and influential queen who came from a non-royal family. Akhenaten had several siblings, including a sister named Sitamun who married their father.

CHILDHOOD: Little is known about Akhenaten's childhood, but he probably grew up in the royal palace of Malkata in Thebes, surrounded by luxury and splendor. 

EDUCATION: Akhenaten's education is not well documented, but he may have learned from tutors and priests about the history, culture, and religion of Egypt. He also showed some artistic talent and appreciation for poetry and music. He may have been influenced by some foreign ideas and beliefs, especially from Syria and Babylon.

CAREER RECORD: Akhenaten's career as a pharaoh was marked by radical changes and challenges. He ascended the throne around 1353 BC, at a time when Egypt was prosperous and stable. However, he soon began to introduce reforms that altered the religious, artistic, and political landscape of Egypt. He promoted the worship of Aten as the only god, moved the capital from Thebes to Akhetaten, and supported a new style of art that broke with tradition. 

Akhenaten  neglected the foreign affairs and military defense of Egypt, losing some of its allies and territories. He faced opposition and resistance from some segments of society, especially the priests of Amun who lost their power and wealth.

APPEARANCE: Akhenaten's appearance was unusual and distinctive. He had a long face, a thin neck, a prominent chin, full lips, almond-shaped eyes, and long ears. He also had a slender body with wide hips, a protruding belly, thin arms and legs, and female-like breasts. Some scholars have suggested that he may have suffered from some genetic or medical condition that caused these features, such as Marfan syndrome or Froelich's syndrome. Others have argued that he deliberately portrayed himself in this way to symbolize his role as a creator and nurturer of life. Some debate about the accuracy of his depictionsdue to artistic style.

Wooden standing statue of Akhenaten. Currently in the Egyptian Museum of Berlin By Miguel Hermoso Cuesta - Wikipedia

FASHION: Akhenaten's fashion reflected his religious devotion to Aten. He often wore a blue crown with a sun disk and uraeus (cobra) on it, symbolizing his connection to the sun god. Akhenaten also wore long white robes with colorful patterns and fringes, gold jewelry, sandals, and sometimes a false beard. He sometimes appeared bare-chested or naked in his monuments to show his fertility and humanity.

CHARACTER: Akhenaten's character is hard to judge from the available sources, but he seems to have been a visionary and a reformer who wanted to transform Egypt according to his beliefs. He may have been sincere and passionate about his faith in Aten, or he may have been arrogant and authoritarian in imposing his will on others. 

Akhenaten may have been a loving husband and father who cared for his family, or he may have been an isolated ruler who ignored the needs of his people. He may have been a genius or a madman or both.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: There is no evidence that Akhenaten had a sense of humour or enjoyed jokes or laughter. His religious views were very serious and solemn, and he did not tolerate any mockery or criticism of his god or himself. He may have found some joy and pleasure in music and poetry, but he did not express any humour in his art or literature.

RELATIONSHIPS: Akhenaten's most important relationship was with his wife Nefertiti, who was his chief consort and co-regent. She shared his religious views and supported his reforms. She also bore him six daughters: Meritaten, Meketaten, Ankhesenamun, Neferneferuaten, Neferneferure, and Setepenre.  Akhenaten loved his wife and daughters and often depicted them with him in his monuments. 

Akhenaten, Nefertiti and their children By Neoclassicism Enthusiast Wikipedia

He may have also had other wives or concubines, such as Kiya, who may have been the mother of his son Tutankhamun. He also had some diplomatic marriages with foreign princesses, such as Tadukhipa of Mitanni and the daughters of Burna-Buriash II of Babylon.

MONEY AND FAME: Akhenaten was very rich and famous as the pharaoh of Egypt, the most powerful and wealthy country in the ancient world. 

He inherited a vast fortune from his father and spent it lavishly on building projects, temples, palaces, statues, and tombs for himself and his god. Akhenaten also received tribute and gifts from other kings and rulers who recognized his authority and prestige. However, he also lost some of his money and fame due to his neglect of foreign affairs and military defense. He failed to maintain Egypt's empire and influence in Asia and Africa, and he faced rebellions and invasions from some of his vassals and enemies.

FOOD AND DRINK: Akhenaten ate and drank like any other Egyptian king, enjoying a variety of foods and beverages that were available to him. He ate bread, meat, fish, fruits, vegetables, cheese, honey, and sweets. He drank beer, wine, milk, water, and juices. He also offered food and drink to his god Aten as part of his worship.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Akhenaten had a great interest in music and arts, especially those related to his religion. He composed hymns and songs praising Aten, such as the famous "Great Hymn to the Aten," which expresses his devotion and gratitude to the sun god. 

Akhenaten encouraged a new style of art that was more realistic and expressive than the traditional one. He commissioned artists to portray him and his family in various scenes of daily life, showing their emotions and interactions. 

He also introduced new forms of architecture that used natural light and open spaces to create a sense of harmony with nature.

LITERATURE: Akhenaten was a patron of literature, especially poetry. He wrote or inspired many poems that celebrated Aten and his creation. He also used literature as a way of communicating his religious ideas and teachings to his people. He wrote letters and decrees that explained his reforms and policies. 

Akhenaten wrote personal letters to other kings and rulers, such as the Amarna Letters, which reveal some aspects of his diplomatic relations.

NATURE: Akhenaten had a deep appreciation for nature and its beauty. He saw nature as a manifestation of Aten's power and benevolence. He admired the sun's disk as the source of life and light for all creatures. 

Akhenaten also enjoyed the sight of plants, animals, rivers, mountains, stars, and seasons. He depicted nature in his art and literature as a way of expressing his awe and wonder.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Akhenaten did not seem to have any hobbies or sports that he practiced or enjoyed. He was more focused on his religious duties and activities than on leisure or entertainment. He did not participate in hunting or warfare or play any games or instruments like other Egyptians. 

SCIENCE AND MATHS: No personal contributions recorded, but his reign saw advancements in engineering and construction related to Akhetaten.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Akhenaten was a philosopher and theologian who developed a new system of thought and belief based on his worship of Aten. He rejected the traditional polytheistic religion of Egypt that involved many gods, myths, rituals, temples, priests, magic, festivals, etc. He replaced it with a monotheistic religion that involved only one god, Aten, who was the creator and sustainer of everything. Akhenaten claimed that he was the only son of Aten who knew him personally and could reveal him to others. He taught that Aten was the only true god who deserved love and obedience from all people. 

SCANDAL  Akhenaten's religious reforms were highly controversial. He closed the temples of other gods, confiscated their lands and wealth, and erased their names from monuments. His radical reforms were seen as heretical and offensive by many Egyptians, especially the powerful priesthood of Amun. After his death, his successors tried to erase his memory and restore the old religion.  

MILITARY RECORD Akhenaten's military record is not very clear, as most of his inscriptions focus on his religious reforms and his family life. However, it seems that he neglected Egypt's foreign affairs and lost control over some of its vassal states in Syria and Palestine. He also faced rebellions and invasions from the Nubians and the Libyans. Some historians suggest that he was more interested in diplomacy than warfare, and that he maintained peaceful relations with the Hittites and the Mitanni. He also exchanged letters and gifts with other rulers, such as Burna-Buriash II of Babylon and Tushratta of Mitanni.  

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Sculptures suggest a slender build, but health is unknown.

HOMES Akhenaten's main home was his new capital city of Akhetaten, which he built on a virgin site on the east bank of the Nile. The city was designed according to his religious vision, with a central temple dedicated to Aten, surrounded by palaces, administrative buildings, workshops, gardens, and tombs. The city was also decorated with numerous reliefs and statues depicting Akhenaten, his wife Nefertiti, and their six daughters in intimate and naturalistic scenes. Akhenaten also had other homes in Memphis, Heliopolis, and Amarna, where he built smaller temples for Aten.  

TRAVEL Akhenaten's travel activities are not well documented, but it is likely that he visited some of the major cities of Egypt during his reign. He may have traveled to Memphis, the traditional residence of the pharaohs, to perform ceremonies and rituals and Heliopolis, the cult center of Re-Harakhte, the god whom he initially associated with Aten. He may have also traveled to Amarna, where he had another temple for Aten, and where he may have planned to be buried. However, he probably avoided Thebes, the former capital and the stronghold of Amun's worship.  

DEATH Akhenaten's death is shrouded in mystery and controversy. He died in his 17th year of reign, around 1336 or 1334 BC, but the cause of his death is unknown. Some speculate that he died of natural causes, such as a disease or an accident. Others suggest that he was assassinated by his enemies or by members of his own family who opposed his religious reforms. 

His burial place is also uncertain. He may have been buried in a royal tomb in Akhetaten, but his body may have been later moved to another location by his successors. Some scholars believe that Akhenaten was buried in tomb KV55 in the Valley of the Kings, but this is disputed by others who argue that the mummy found there belongs to another pharaoh.  

Akhenaten's restored the traditional Egyptian religion with the original gods. The Aten temples were demolished, and Akhenaten became known as "the Enemy."

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Akhenaten has appeared in various forms of media over time, reflecting different interpretations of his character and legacy. He has been portrayed as a visionary reformer, a mad fanatic, a romantic lover, a tragic hero, or a mysterious figure. Some examples of media works featuring Akhenaten are:

- Akhnaton (1973), a verse drama by Agatha Christie

- Akhenaten, Dweller in Truth (1985), a novel by Naguib Mahfouz

- Akhenaten and Nefertiti (1973), a biography by Cyril Aldred

- Akhenaten and Nefertiti (1984), a ballet by Philip Glass

- The Egyptian (1954), a film by Michael Curtiz

ACHIEVEMENTS Akhenaten introduced a unique religious system, pioneered a groundbreaking artistic style, and left a lasting legacy despite its eventual reversal.

Aidan of Lindisfarne

NAME: Aidan of Lindisfarne

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Converting the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria to Christianity, founding the Lindisfarne monastery, and spreading Celtic Christianity throughout northern England.

BIRTH: Uncertain, estimated circa 590 AD, possibly in Connacht, Ireland.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: Nothing specific is known about his family, though historical accounts suggest he was of Irish Gaelic descent.

CHILDHOOD: Details remain mostly unknown. Aidan was likely raised in a monastic environment, receiving education in religious teachings and Gaelic culture.

EDUCATION: Aidan was educated at the famed Iona Abbey in Scotland, founded by Saint Columba, learning theology, scripture, and monastic practices.

CAREER RECORD: After arriving in Northumbria in 635 AD,  Aidan became the first bishop of Lindisfarne, establishing a monastery and school that trained missionaries. He spent 16 years preaching, converting the king and nobles, and traveling throughout the region to reach common people. He was known for his humility, simplicity, and dedication to spreading the gospel.

APPEARANCE: No contemporary descriptions exist, but he is often depicted as a monk with short brown hair and beard, wearing simple robes.

Monastic Chapel 1920, Holy Cross Monastery, West Park, New York. By Randy OHC - Flickr, 

FASHION: Aidan wore the simple attire of a Celtic monk, emphasizing practicality and humility.

CHARACTER: Revered for his gentleness, kindness, compassion, and genuine love for all people. Aidan was known for his asceticism, living simply and giving away any gifts he received. He possessed a powerful sense of justice and spoke out against oppression, including slavery.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: While lacking detailed accounts, historical anecdotes suggest he possessed a gentle, dry wit and enjoyed engaging in thoughtful discourse.

RELATIONSHIPS: Aidan maintained close ties with the Iona community. Had a close friendship with King Oswald, who acted as his interpreter and protector. Aidan fostered deep connections with his students and the people he converted, treating them with respect and warmth.

MONEY AND FAME: Aidan shunned material possessions and fame, living a life of poverty and dedicating himself entirely to his faith and serving others.

FOOD AND DRINK: He adhered to the simple monastic diet of bread, vegetables, and water, occasionally fish.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Aidan appreciated the Irish tradition of singing psalms and hymns. He encouraged the development of art and culture at Lindisfarne, where illuminated manuscripts were produced.

LITERATURE: He was well-versed in the Bible and other religious writings. Aidan wrote letters and sermons; translated parts of the Scriptures into English. He taught his monks to read and write.

NATURE: Loved the beauty of God's creation; chose Lindisfarne for its isolation and tranquility; often retreated to a small island nearby for prayer and meditation

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: No specific hobbies or sports mentioned, though Aidan likely engaged in activities common to monastic life like gardening, writing, and contemplation.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: Not his main interest, but had some knowledge of astronomy and calendar calculation. Aidan used a sundial to mark the hours of prayer

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Aidan followed the Irish school of thought, which differed from the Roman one on some issues, such as the date of Easter and the shape of the tonsure. He emphasized personal holiness, evangelism and monasticism and respected other faiths and customs, but opposed idolatry and superstition community, compassion, and a holistic approach to faith that connected the spiritual with the everyday.

Aidan engaged in widespread evangelism from his base with the active help of King Oswald, who acted as interpreter for the non-English speaking monk. 

In 651, the pagan King of Mercia tightened his grip on Bamburgh, setting the Northumbrian stronghold ablaze. Flames licked hungrily towards the king's castle, fear gripping the hearts within. Faced with impending destruction, Aidan turned to fervent prayer, seeking divine intervention. And miraculously, the wind shifted, carrying the inferno back towards the Mercian besiegers, saving the town from devastation.

SCANDAL: No known scandals were associated with Aidan's life, reflecting his peaceful nature and dedication to his principles. However, he faced opposition from some bishops who disagreed with his practices or methods.

MILITARY RECORD: None, but Aidan witnessed several wars and battles. He focused solely on spiritual leadership and spreading Christianity through peaceful means.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Aidan endured many hardships and dangers; he suffered from illness in his later years.

HOMES: He lived in a simple hut at Lindisfarne and also had a cell on Farne Island where he prayed alone

TRAVEL: He traveled extensively across Northumbria, preaching and establishing churches, demonstrating his dedication to reaching every corner of the kingdom.

DEATH: In 651, Aidan became ill while on one of his never-ending missionary tours. He died on August 31, 651 leaning against the wall of the local church (now St Aidan's Church, Bamburgh)  where he was buried;. His relics were later transferred to Lindisfarne, then to Iona, then to Durham.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: The main source of his life is Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Aidan is also mentioned in other historical and hagiographical works, depicted in stained glass windows, icons, paintings and sculptures and celebrated in liturgy, poetry and music

ACHIEVEMENTS: Considered as the Apostle of Northumbria and one of the most influential figures in English Christianity;

ACHIEVEMENTS: Aidan successfully converted Northumbria to Christianity, founded the influential Lindisfarne monastery, and laid the foundation for the spread of Christianity throughout Anglo-Saxon England. He is revered for his humility, compassion, and commitment to serving others, leaving a lasting legacy in both religious and political realms.

Aidan is recognised as a saint by the Eastern Orthodox, Catholic and the Anglican churches. His feast is celebrated on the anniversary of his death, August 31st.

This biographical sketch provides an overview of Aidan of Lindisfarne's life and achievements. However, due to the limited historical record, details like his childhood and personal life remain unclear. Nevertheless, his contributions to the growth of Christianity and his exemplary character continue to inspire generations.

Saint Agnes of Rome

 NAME: Saint Agnes of Rome, also known as Ines, Ines del Campo, Nesa, or Ynez.

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Being a virgin martyr and a patron saint of girls, chastity, virgins, victims of sexual abuse, and gardeners.

BIRTH: Around 291 or 304 AD in Rome, Italy.

FAMILY BACKGROUND:  Little is known about her family, but she was believed to be of noble birth and raised in an early Christian household.

CHILDHOOD: Agnes was devoted to God and religious purity from a young age.

EDUCATION: Agnes likely received some instruction in Christian doctrine and scriptures.

CAREER RECORD: Agnes was described as beautiful and devoted to her faith from a young age. Pledged her virginity to God and refused marriage proposals.

APPEARANCE: Agnes is traditionally depicted as a young woman with long hair, often holding a lamb and a palm branch.

17th-century painting by Cesare Dandini

FASHION: Modest and simple clothing. Agnes is often depicted wearing a white robe and a veil.

CHARACTER: Agnes is renowned for her unwavering faith, courage, and purity. Stories depict her as both strong-willed and compassionate.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Unknown, but Agnes likely had a joyful spirit.

RELATIONSHIPS: Agnes rejected many suitors of high rank who desired to marry her, stating that she had no spouse but Jesus Christ. She was revered and loved by fellow Christians in her community.

MONEY AND FAME: Agnes renounced worldly wealth and fame for the sake of the heavenly kingdom.

FOOD AND DRINK: No information available, though early Christians often fasted and adhered to simple diets.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Unknown, but Agnes likely appreciated the beauty of God's creation and praised him with hymns and prayers.

LITERATURE: Agnes is venerated in texts like the Depositio Martyrum and early Roman Sacramentaries. Stories about her life grew within oral tradition and later written accounts.

NATURE: Agnes is venerated as a patron saint of gardeners and associated with the symbol of a lamb.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: No information available, although playing with other children was likely typical in her time.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: Not relevant to her life and the context of early Christianity. She likely had some knowledge of the natural world and its order.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY:  Agnes was deeply devoted to Christian teachings, emphasizing purity, faith, and martyrdom. She defended Christianity against the pagan authorities and persecutors.

SCANDAL: Agnes was accused of being a follower of Christianity, which was then condemned as a cult, and exposed in a brothel as a punishment. However, she remained pure and untouched by the grace of God.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Agnes likely endured physical hardships and tortures for her faith.

HOMES: She lived in Rome until her death.

TRAVEL: She likely did not travel much outside of Rome.

DEATH: Agnes was beheaded or stabbed in the throat around 304 AD at the age of twelve or thirteen during the reign of the Roman Emperor Diocletian. She was martyred because she would not worship the goddess Minerva.. Her blood was soaked up by other Christians as a relic. Agnes was buried beside the Via Nomentana in Rome.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Numerous paintings, sculptures, stained glass windows and mosaics depict her. Agnes is honored in many churches, shrines, chapels, schools, hospitals, and convents. She is celebrated in many hymns, poems, prayers, and liturgies. She is one of several virgin martyrs commemorated by name in the Canon of the Mass.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Agnes glorified God with her life and death and inspired many Christians with her example of purity, courage, and faith. 

Her feast day is January 21.

Please note that information about Saint Agnes is primarily based on religious tradition and legends, some details lacking historical confirmation.

Andre Agassi

NAME Andre Kirk Agassi

WHAT FAMOUS FOR Andre Agassi is a former professional tennis player who is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time. 

BIRTH He was born on April 29, 1970, in Las Vegas, Nevada

FAMILY BACKGROUND: He is the son of Emmanuel Agassi, an Iranian Olympic boxer, and Elizabeth "Betty" Agassi. Andre has three siblings: Rita, Philip, and Tami.

CHILDHOOD: Andre was groomed for tennis greatness from a young age by his father. He trained intensely and faced pressure to succeed. Andre developed a rebellious streak and for a time disliked the sport.

EDUCATION: Andre attended local Las Vegas schools before enrolling at Nick Bollettieri's Tennis Academy at 13 in Florida, where he honed his skills and developed his aggressive baseline style. He dropped out at 16 to turn professional.

CAREER RECORD Agassi quickly rose to fame with his flamboyant appearance and charismatic personality.  He won his first Grand Slam title at Wimbledon in 1992, followed by the US Open in 1994 and the Australian Open in 1995. He also won a gold medal at the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta. However, he also faced some challenges in his career, such as injuries, drug use, and a slump in performance that dropped him to rank 141 in 1997. 

Agassi staged a remarkable comeback in 1999, winning the French Open and becoming the fifth player in history to complete a career Grand Slam. 

Agassi continued to play at a high level in the early 2000s, winning three more Australian Open titles and another US Open title. 

He also became involved in philanthropy, founding the Andre Agassi Charitable Foundation and the Andre Agassi College Preparatory Academy, both of which aim to provide education and opportunities for underprivileged children. 

Agassi retired from professional tennis in 2006, after losing to Roger Federer in the US Open final. He received a standing ovation from the crowd and delivered an emotional farewell speech.

APPEARANCE: Agassi had a distinctive appearance on the court, with his long hair, earrings, and colorful outfits. He was known for his charisma and charm, as well as his athletic physique and powerful strokes. He later shaved his head and adopted a more mature and elegant style.

By User:Akademan) From en: wiki en:File:Andre Agassi Indian Wells 2006.

FASHION: Agassi was a trendsetter in the tennis world, wearing flashy and unconventional clothing and accessories. He had a contract with Nike, which allowed him to design his own apparel and shoes. He also launched his own clothing line, called Agassi Collection, in 1993.

CHARACTER: Agassi was a complex and contradictory person, who struggled with his identity and self-esteem throughout his career. He was rebellious and defiant, often clashing with the authorities and the media. He was also generous and compassionate, supporting various charitable causes and founding his own educational foundation.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Agassi had a witty and sarcastic sense of humour, which he used to cope with the pressure and criticism he faced. He often joked about himself and his opponents, making fun of their weaknesses and quirks. He also enjoyed playing pranks on his friends and colleagues.

RELATIONSHIPS: Agassi had several high-profile relationships with celebrities, such as Brooke Shields and Barbra Streisand. He married Shields in 1997, but they divorced two years later. 

Agassi married fellow tennis star Steffi Graf on October 22, 2001 in a private ceremony at their home in Las Vegas, Nevada. Only their mothers were witnesses. They have two children; Jaden Gil Agassi and Jaz Elle Agassi. 

Andre Agassi and Steffi Graff

MONEY AND FAME: Agassi earned millions of dollars from his tennis career and endorsements. He was one of the most popular and influential athletes in the world, attracting fans from different backgrounds and cultures. He also faced the drawbacks of fame, such as scrutiny, gossip, and harassment.

FOOD AND DRINK: Agassi was not very adventurous when it came to food and drink. He preferred simple and healthy meals, such as pasta, chicken, salad, and water. He occasionally indulged in junk food, such as pizza, burgers, and fries. He did not drink alcohol or smoke.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Agassi likes listening to music, especially rock and pop. He's a fan of bands such as U2, Bon Jovi, Pearl Jam, and Nirvana. He also appreciates art, especially paintings and sculptures. Agassi has collected some artworks by famous artists, such as Picasso, Warhol, and Basquiat.

LITERATURE: Agassi isn't an avid reader, but he enjoys reading biographies and autobiographies of people he admired or related to. He also wrote his own memoir, called Open: An Autobiography, which was published in 2009. It was a candid and revealing account of his life and career.

NATURE: Agassi loves nature and the outdoors. He likes hiking, camping, skiing, and surfing. He also cares about the environment and supported causes that aimed to protect it. He's donated money to organizations that fought against deforestation, pollution, and climate change.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS Andre Agassi loved tennis from a young age. He could serve a ball on a full court by the time he was two years old. He also enjoys playing pickleball, a sport that combines elements of tennis, badminton and table tennis. He won the Pickleball Slam 2 in 2024 with his wife Steffi Graf, beating John McEnroe and Maria Sharapova for $1 million. 

SCIENCE AND MATHS Andre Agassi was not very interested in science and maths as a child. He dropped out of school in ninth grade to focus on his tennis career. He later regretted this decision and became an advocate for education. 

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY Andre Agassi was raised as a Muslim by his Iranian father, who had converted from Armenian Christianity. However, he did not practice Islam as an adult and described himself as agnostic. He was influenced by the philosophy of Buddhism and meditation, which he learned from his coach Brad Gilbert. He also respected the Christian faith of his wife Steffi Graf, who is a Lutheran. 

SCANDAL Andre Agassi had his share of scandals in his career and personal life. He admitted in his autobiography that he had used crystal meth in 1997 and lied to the ATP about it. He also revealed that he had hated tennis for most of his life and felt pressured by his father to play. He had several high-profile relationships with celebrities such as Brooke Shields, Barbra Streisand and Jennifer Capriati, which attracted media attention and gossip. He also faced criticism for his rebellious image, his boycott of Wimbledon and his inconsistent performance on court. 

MILITARY RECORD He's supported various causes related to veterans and military families. Agassi donated money to the Fisher House Foundation, which provides housing for families of wounded soldiers. He also participated in charity events such as the USO World Gala and the Heroes Among Us Gala. 

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS Andre Agassi was known for his physical fitness and endurance on court. He had a rigorous training regimen that included running, cycling, weightlifting and yoga. He also followed a strict diet that consisted of lean protein, vegetables, fruits and grains. Agassi avoided alcohol, caffeine, sugar and processed foods. However, he also suffered from several injuries and health problems throughout his career. He had chronic back pain caused by sciatica, spondylolisthesis and a bone spur that interfered with his nerve. He also had wrist surgery, chest infections, bronchitis and an inflamed toe.  

HOMES Andre Agassi was born and raised in Las Vegas, Nevada, where he still resides with his family. He also owned homes in Tiburon, California; Saddle River, New Jersey; Manhattan Beach, California; Palm Desert, California; Sun Valley, Idaho; and Tegernsee, Germany. He preferred living in quiet and secluded areas away from the paparazzi and the public eye. 

TRAVEL Andre Agassi traveled extensively around the world as a professional tennis player.  He visited countries such as Japan, China, India, Brazil, Argentina, South Africa, Russia and many more. Agassi enjoyed experiencing different cultures, cuisines and landscapes during his travels. 

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA Andre Agassi made numerous appearances in media throughout his career and after his retirement. He starred in commercials for brands such as Nike, Canon, American Express and Armani Exchange. Agassi wrote an autobiography titled Open: An Autobiography, which was published in 2009 and became a bestseller. He also appeared in documentaries, talk shows, podcasts and movies. In 2017, Agassi appeared in the documentary film Love Means Zero, which highlighted the troubled relationship between his coach Nick Bollettieri and him

ACHIEVEMENTS Andre Agassi achieved many remarkable feats in his tennis career. He won eight Grand Slam singles titles, one Olympic gold medal, one ATP Tour Finals title and 60 career singles titles. He also won three Davis Cup titles with the United States team. 

He is one of only five men in the Open Era to complete the career Grand Slam, and the only man to win the career Super Slam (career Grand Slam, plus the Olympic gold medal and the year-end championships). He is also the first man to win all four majors on three different surfaces: hard, clay and grass. 

He reached the world No. 1 ranking for the first time in 1995 and held it for a total of 101 weeks. 

Agassi is widely regarded as one of the greatest tennis players of all time and an icon of the sport. 

Æthelwulf, King of Wessex

 NAME: Æthelwulf (Old English for "Noble Wolf")

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Being the father of Alfred the Great and a successful king of Wessex who resisted the Viking invasions.

BIRTH: Around 806, probably in Wessex.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: He was the son of Ecgberht, King of Wessex, who had unified most of southern England under his rule.

CHILDHOOD: Little is known about his early life, but he may have been educated by the bishop Swithun.

EDUCATION: Æthelwulf was likely literate and learned in Latin, as he wrote a will and a charter in that language. He also had some knowledge of Frankish culture and law, as he married a Frankish princess and adopted some Frankish customs.

CAREER RECORD: Æthelwulf was appointed as the sub-king of Kent, Sussex and Essex by his father in 825, after defeating the Mercians who had ruled those territories. 

He became the king of Wessex in 839, after his father's death. Æthelwulf ruled for 19 years, during which he fought several battles against the Vikings, winning a major victory at Aclea in 851. He also maintained good relations with Mercia, Wales and the Franks, and supported the church and learning.

Æthelwulf made a pilgrimage to Rome (855-856 AD), a rare act for a king, leaving his eldest surviving son Æthelbald to act as King of Wessex in his absence. When Æthelwulf returned to England, Æthelbald refused to surrender the throne, and Æthelwulf agreed to divide the kingdom, taking the east and leaving the west in Æthelbald's hands. 

APPEARANCE: No contemporary description of his appearance survives, but he may have looked like his son Alfred, who was described as having fair hair and a ruddy complexion.

Miniature of King Æthelwulf of Wessex in the Genealogical roll of the kings of England

FASHION: Æthelwulf wore typical Anglo-Saxon clothing, such as tunics, cloaks and leather shoes. He also wore a crown and a sword as symbols of his royal authority.

CHARACTER: Æthelwulf was pious, generous and loyal to his family and allies. He was also courageous and determined in defending his kingdom from the Vikings. He was respected by his contemporaries, both at home and abroad.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: No evidence of his sense of humour survives, but he may have enjoyed some forms of entertainment, such as music, poetry and hunting.

RELATIONSHIPS: Æthelwulf had two wives and six children. His first wife was Osburh, a noblewoman of unknown origin, who bore him five sons (Æthelstan, Æthelbald, Æthelberht, Æthelred and Alfred) and one daughter (Æthelswith). 

His second wife was Judith, the daughter of Charles the Bald, King of the West Franks, whom he married in 856 after returning from a pilgrimage to Rome. Æthelwulf's marriage to Judith caused some controversy, as she was much younger than him and he had to divorce Osburh. 

His eldest son Æthelbald also rebelled against him and refused to give up the throne of Wessex when Æthelwulf returned from Rome.

MONEY AND FAME: Æthelwulf was wealthy and powerful as the king of Wessex and Kent. He also gained fame and prestige by his pilgrimage to Rome, where he was received by Pope Leo IV and Emperor Lothair I. 

Æthelwulf donated generously to the church and the poor, giving a tenth of his personal property as a "decimation" before leaving for Rome.

The historian Janet Nelson describes Æthelwulf as "one of the great underrated among Anglo-Saxons", and complains that she was only allowed 2,500 words for him in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, compared with 15,000 for Edward II and 35,000 for Elizabeth I.

FOOD AND DRINK: Æthelwulf vonsumed a rich diet of meat, fish, bread, and ale, reflecting royal status. He drank ale, mead and wine.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Æthelwulf patronized music and arts in his kingdom, especially in Winchester, where he founded a school for singers. He also appreciated Frankish music and arts, as he brought back some relics and books from Rome.

LITERATURE: Æthelwulf was interested in literature and learning, as he wrote a will and a charter in Latin. He also collected some books from Rome, such as a copy of the Rule of St Benedict. He may have read or listened to some Anglo-Saxon poems, such as Beowulf or The Battle of Maldon.

NATURE: Æthelwulf enjoyed nature and hunting, as he owned several hunting estates in Wessex and Kent. He also admired the natural beauty of Rome and its surroundings.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: His main hobbies were hunting and travelling. He hunted deer, boars and other animals in his forests. 

SCIENCE AND MATHS: Æthelwulf had some knowledge of science and maths, as he used Roman numerals and weights in his will. He also learned about astronomy from the Frankish scholar John Scotus Eriugena , who accompanied him on his second trip to Rome.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Æthelwulf was devoutly Christian and followed the teachings of the Catholic Church. He respected the authority of the Pope and the bishops, and supported the monastic reform of the Benedictine Rule. He also had some interest in philosophy, as he met John Scotus Eriugena, who was a Neoplatonist and a theologian.

SCANDAL: His marriage to Judith caused some scandal, as she was a close relative of his first wife Osburh and he had to divorce her. Some of his subjects also disapproved of his long absence from his kingdom and his lavish gifts to the church. His loss of his western kingdom to his son could be considered a personal and political scandal.

MILITARY RECORD: Æthelwulf was a successful military leader, who defended his kingdom from the Viking invasions. He won several battles against them, most notably at Aclea in 851, where he killed a large number of them. He also allied with Mercia and Wales against the Vikings, and helped Burgred of Mercia to conquer Wales in 853.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Æthelwulf was healthy and fit for most of his life, as he survived several wars and travels. He may have suffered from some illnesses or injuries, but none are recorded in the sources.

HOMES: He had several homes in Wessex and Kent, such as Winchester, Canterbury, Farnham and Steyning. Æthelwulf also stayed in Rome for a year, where he lived in the Lateran Palace.

TRAVEL: Æthelwulf travelled widely in his kingdom and abroad. He visited Kent, Sussex, Essex, Mercia, Wales and East Anglia in England. He also visited Rome twice, in 855 and 856, passing through France and Italy. He met several kings and nobles on his travels, such as Charles the Bald, Lothair I, Louis II and Burgred of Mercia.

DEATH: Æthelwulf died on January 13, 858, probably in Steyning, Sussex. He was buried there, but his body was later moved to Winchester by his son Alfred.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: He has featured in historical documentaries, novels, and video games, but is often overshadowed by his son Alfred. 

ACHIEVEMENTS: Æthelwulf was one of the most successful kings of Wessex, who consolidated and extended the power of his dynasty. He resisted the Viking invasions and maintained good relations with his neighbours. Æthelwulf supported the church and learning in his kingdom and abroad. He was the father of Alfred the Great, who became one of the greatest kings of England.

This biography paints a picture of Æthelwulf as a complex and significant figure in Anglo-Saxon history. While overshadowed by his son's accomplishments, his own reign laid the groundwork for Alfred's success and helped preserve Wessex during a turbulent era.

Remember, much of Æthelwulf's life is shrouded in mystery, and this interpretation is based on available historical sources and some educated guesses.

Aesop

 NAME: Aesop (also spelled Esop or Isope, Greek: Αἴσωπος, Aísōpos)

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Aesop is famous for being a Greek fabulist and storyteller credited with a number of fables now collectively known as Aesop's Fables. These fables are characterized by anthropomorphic animal characters and moral lessons.

BIRTH: Aesop was born around 620 BCE in the Greek colony of Mesembria, according to the earliest Greek sources. However, some later sources say that he was born in Phrygia, Thrace, Ethiopia, or Sardis.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: Little is known about Aesop's family background. He was said to have been a slave of Iadmon, a wealthy Samian. Some sources say that he was deformed and that his name came from the Greek word Aethiops, meaning Ethiopia.

CHILDHOOD: Nothing is known about Aesop's childhood.

EDUCATION: Aesop's education is also unknown. He may have learned storytelling from his fellow slaves or from traveling entertainers.

CAREER RECORD: Aesop's career as a storyteller began when he gained his freedom from his master Iadmon. He then traveled to many places, such as Babylon, Corinth, Athens, and Delphi, where he told his fables to kings, philosophers, and ordinary people. He also served as an adviser to King Croesus of Lydia and as a diplomat for Samos.

APPEARANCE: Aesop was described by ancient sources as strikingly ugly, with a flat nose, hunched back, and long lips. He was also short and bald. Below is a plaster cast of a Hellenistic statue thought to depict Aesop The original is in the Art Collection of the Villa Albani, Rome.

By user:shakko - Own work, Wikipedia Commons

FASHION: Aesop's fashion sense is not recorded, but he probably wore simple clothes suitable for a slave or a traveler.

CHARACTER: Aesop was known for his wit, intelligence, and cunning. He used his fables to expose the follies and vices of human society. He was also courageous, loyal, and generous to his friends.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Aesop had a keen sense of humour, which he used to make his fables more appealing and memorable. He often employed irony, sarcasm, and paradox to make his points.

RELATIONSHIPS: Aesop had many friends and admirers among the wise men of Greece, such as Solon, Periander, and the Seven Sages. He also had enemies who envied or hated him for his fame or his criticism.

MONEY AND FAME: Aesop did not seek money or fame for himself. He lived modestly and gave away most of his earnings to the poor or to his friends. He became famous for his fables, which were widely circulated and translated into many languages.

FOOD AND DRINK: Aesop's preferences for food and drink are not known. He probably ate whatever was available or offered to him during his travels.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Aesop may have enjoyed music and arts, since he was familiar with the myths and legends of Greece and other cultures. He also used metaphors and imagery in his fables.

LITERATURE: Aesop was influenced by the oral tradition of storytelling that existed in ancient times. He also drew inspiration from the works of Homer, Hesiod, and other poets.

Johann Michael Wittmer, Aesop Tells His Fables, 1879.

NATURE: Aesop loved nature and used it as a source of wisdom and beauty in his fables. He often depicted animals as having human traits and emotions, such as cunning, greed, pride, or kindness.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Aesop's hobbies and sports are not recorded, but he may have enjoyed playing games or riddles with his friends or audiences.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: Aesop did not show much interest in science and maths, but he did use logic and common sense in his fables. He also demonstrated knowledge of natural phenomena and human anatomy.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Aesop was not a philosopher or a theologian in the strict sense, but he did express some philosophical and theological views in his fables. He believed in the existence of gods and fate, but he also stressed the importance of human free will and responsibility. He advocated justice, moderation, honesty, prudence, and compassion as virtues.

SCANDAL: Aesop was involved in several scandals during his life. He was accused of stealing a golden bowl from the temple of Delphi by the priests who wanted to get rid of him. He was also blamed for causing a plague in Delphi by insulting the citizens with his fables.

MILITARY RECORD: Aesop did not have a military record, but he did participate in some political and diplomatic missions. He helped Samos to negotiate a peace treaty with Croesus and to resist the Persian invasion.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Aesop's health and physical fitness were poor, due to his deformity and his hard life. He suffered from various ailments and injuries during his travels.

HOMES: Aesop did not have a permanent home, but he stayed in different places depending on his circumstances. He lived in Samos as a slave, in Babylon as a guest of King Lycurgus, in Corinth as a friend of Periander, and in Delphi as a prisoner.

TRAVEL: Aesop traveled extensively throughout the ancient world, visiting places such as Asia Minor, Egypt, Greece, and Italy. He encountered different cultures, customs, and people along the way.

DEATH: Aesop died around 564 BCE in Delphi, where he was executed by being thrown from a cliff. His death was considered unjust and provoked divine wrath upon the Delphians.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Aesop has appeared in many media forms over the centuries, such as books, films, plays, and television programs. Some of the most famous adaptations of his fables are those by Phaedrus, La Fontaine, and Disney.

William Caxton printed the first English translation of Aesop's Fables. Caxton translated the work himself, likely from a French version, and printed it on March 26, 1484. Because of the success of his translations, he is credited with helping to promote the Chancery English that he used to the status of standard dialect throughout England.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Aesop's greatest achievement was creating a collection of fables that have influenced Western literature and culture for more than 2,500 years. His fables are still read and enjoyed by people of all ages and backgrounds today.

Note: Much of Aesop's life remains shrouded in legend and myth. Historians debate his actual existence, but his fables' impact transcends the individual author, solidifying his place as a cultural icon

Ælfric of Eynsham

NAME: Ælfric of Eynsham (Old English: Ælfrīc; Latin: Alfricus, Elphricus)

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: He was an English abbot and a prolific writer in Old English of hagiography, homilies, biblical commentaries, and other genres. He is also known as Ælfric the Grammarian, Ælfric of Cerne, and Ælfric the Homilist.

BIRTH: He was born around 955.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: His family background is unknown.

CHILDHOOD: His childhood is also unknown, but he may have been educated at the Old Minster at Winchester.

EDUCATION: Ælfric studied at the prestigious Benedictine monastery in Winchester under Æthelwold, a key figure in the English Benedictine Reform. He learned Latin, Greek, and Hebrew, and studied the works of the Church Fathers and other classical authors.

CAREER RECORD: Ælfric was a monk and priest at Winchester until 987, when he was sent to teach at the newly founded abbey of Cerne Abbas in Dorset. There he wrote his two series of English homilies, which were dedicated to Archbishop Sigeric of Canterbury. He also wrote his Lives of Saints, his Grammar, his Glossary, and his Colloquy. 

In 1005, Ælfric became the first abbot of Eynsham, a monastery refounded by Æthelmær the Stout, a powerful nobleman and patron of learning. He continued to write at Eynsham, producing his Hexateuch (a translation of the first six books of the Bible), his Heptateuch (a translation of the first seven books), his Book of Judges, and his Catholic Homilies (a third series of homilies).

Barred Þ & Tironian et highlighted in Ælfric's Grammaticu

APPEARANCE: No portraits exist, but contemporary descriptions suggest a typical monk of the time: tonsured head, simple robes.

FASHION: His fashion is not recorded, but he probably wore the Benedictine habit.

CHARACTER: Ælfric of Eynsham was a man of learning and piety, who aimed to instruct and edify his audience with clear and orthodox teaching. He was also a skilled translator and stylist, who adapted his sources to suit his purposes and audience. He was sometimes critical of the secular clergy and the laity for their ignorance and sinfulness, but he also showed compassion and humility.

SENSE OF HUMOUR:  His writings sometimes include wit and anecdotes, suggesting a dry and subtle humor.

RELATIONSHIPS: Ælfric had a close relationship with his teacher Æthelwold, who influenced his views and writings. He also had a good relationship with his patrons Æthelmær and his father Æthelweard, who supported his literary activities. He may have had some friends among his fellow monks and scholars, such as Wulfstan of York and Byrhtferth of Ramsey.

MONEY AND FAME: Ælfric of Eynsham did not seek money or fame for himself, but he was well-known and respected for his writings. His works were widely copied and circulated in England and abroad. Some of his works were still read and used in the Middle Ages and beyond.

FOOD AND DRINK: His food and drink are not recorded, but he probably followed the Benedictine rule of moderation and fasting. Monastic fare would have been simple and seasonal.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Ælfric likely enjoyed monastic chants and other religious music and may have participated in illuminated manuscript creation. He may have also composed some hymns or poems in Latin or Old English.

LITERATURE: Ælfric of Eynsham was well-versed in literature, both sacred and secular. He read and translated works from Latin, Greek, and Hebrew into Old English. Ælfric also wrote original works in Old English, such as homilies, saints' lives, biblical commentaries, grammatical treatises, dialogues, letters, prefaces, prayers, etc. He used various literary devices, such as allegory, metaphor, simile, antithesis, rhetorical questions, etc., to enhance his style and message.

NATURE: Ælfric may have enjoyed nature as part of God's creation. He used some natural imagery in his writings to illustrate spiritual truths.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: His hobbies and sports are not recorded, but he may have enjoyed reading, writing, teaching, praying, meditating, etc., as part of his monastic life.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: Ælfric had some knowledge of science and maths as part of his education. He wrote a Grammar that explained the parts of speech and syntax. He wrote a Glossary that explained difficult words in Latin. He wrote a Colloquy that taught conversational Latin on various topics, including astronomy, arithmetic, geometry, medicine, etc.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Ælfric was interested in philosophy and theology as part of his religious studies. He read and translated works by philosophers and theologians, such as Augustine, Jerome, Gregory, Boethius, etc. He wrote homilies and commentaries that explained the Christian doctrine and morality. Ælfric also wrote some works that dealt with controversial issues, such as the Eucharist, free will, predestination, etc.

Driven by the belief that "good teaching is especially needed at this end of times," Ælfric diligently instructed novices and preached the gospel to his local parish. His dedication went beyond simple instruction, as he saw himself as a beacon of enlightenment in a world believed to be nearing its close.

SCANDAL: Ælfric was not involved in any scandal, but he sometimes criticized the corruption and laxity of some clergy and lay people.

MILITARY RECORD: Ælfric did not have any military record, but he lived in a time of political turmoil and Viking invasions. 

In the year 998, a brutal Viking raid tore through the tranquil Dorset countryside, reaching the doorstep of the rural Cernel monastery (now Cerne Abbas). In the face of this national, and for him, deeply personal, crisis, Ælfric penned three collections of homilies (around 120 sermons), becoming the first to translate passages from the Old Testament, pastoral letters, and other educational materials into English. His efforts extended beyond scripture, as he also authored a grammar, a glossary, and even a colloquy, all in the vernacular.

Ælfric prayed for peace and the protection of the king and the people.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: His health and physical fitness are not recorded, but he may have suffered from some illnesses or injuries. He may have also practiced some physical exercises or disciplines as part of his monastic rule.

HOMES: Ælfric lived in various monasteries, such as Winchester, Cerne Abbas, and Eynsham. He may have also visited or stayed in other places, such as Canterbury, London, Ramsey, etc.

TRAVEL: Ælfric travelled to some places in England, such as Winchester, Cerne Abbas, Eynsham, Canterbury, London, Ramsey, etc. He may have also travelled to some places abroad, such as Rome, France, Germany, etc.

DEATH: He died around 1010, likely at Eynsham Abbey..

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Ælfric has appeared in some media, such as books, articles, documentaries, websites, etc., that deal with Anglo-Saxon history, culture, literature, religion, etc.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Ælfric achieved a lot in his life. 

He was a monk, priest, abbot, teacher, writer, translator, commentator, etc. 

He produced a large and varied corpus of writings in Old English that influenced later generations of readers and writers. 

Ælfric contributed to the Benedictine Reform and the vernacular culture of Anglo-Saxon England. 

He was one of the greatest scholars and authors of his time and of the Middle Ages.

Note: Much of Ælfric's life remains shrouded in mystery, and this biography is based on historical records and educated guesses.

Source Christianity Today

Pope Adrian IV

NAME: Pope Adrian IV, also known as Hadrian IV or Nicholas Breakspear

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: The only Englishman to have been pope and the issuer of the controversial bull Laudabiliter, which granted Ireland to Henry II of England

BIRTH: Around 1100 in Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, England

FAMILY BACKGROUND: Son of Robert Breakspear, a clerk in the service of the abbot of St Albans. There is limited information available about his mother and siblings.

CHILDHOOD: Little is known, but Nicholas was rejected by the monastery of St Albans when he applied to become a monk

EDUCATION: Nicholas studied law in Arles and theology at the Abbey of St Ruf near Avignon, where he became a canon regular and later an abbot.

CAREER RECORD: Appointed cardinal bishop of Albano by Pope Eugenius III in 1150

Sent as papal legate to Scandinavia in 1152, where he reformed the church and gained popularity

Elected pope on December 4, 1154 after the death of Pope Anastasius IV. Pope Adrian IV faced challenges maintaining papal authority in Rome against internal struggles and external pressures from Holy Roman emperors.

APPEARANCE: No contemporary portraits exist, but he was described as tall, handsome and dignified. 

Pope Adrian IV cameo. By PHGCOM - self-made, photographed at Notre-Dame de Paris,

FASHION: Pope Adrian IV wore the traditional papal vestments and tiara

CHARACTER: Pope Adrian IV was described as intelligent, ambitious, and determined. He showed diplomatic acumen and pragmatism in navigating complex political situations.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Limited references. Pope Adrian IV likely possessed wit and charm, given his ability to navigate delicate political situations.

RELATIONSHIPS: He maintained close ties with the Augustinian canons of Saint-Rufand had a close friendship with John of Salisbury, his secretary and biographer. Pope Adrian IV had a strained relationship with Frederick I Barbarossa, the Holy Roman emperor, over the rights and territories of the papacy.

MONEY AND FAME: As pope, he had considerable wealth and influence, but he also faced challenges from the Roman commune, the Normans of Sicily and the German emperor.

Pope Adrian IV avoided personal wealth, focusing on securing financial stability for the papacy. 

FOOD AND DRINK: No specific details are known, but he likely followed the monastic diet of the Augustinians, characterized by simplicity and moderation.

MUSIC AND ARTS: No evidence of any personal involvement or patronage, but he supported the building and restoration of churches and monasteries

LITERATURE: No surviving writings of his own, but he was well-versed in canon law and theology; he was praised by John of Salisbury as a learned and eloquent man.

NATURE: No particular interest or appreciation is recorded, but he likely enjoyed time spent in the rural setting of the Abbey of Saint-Ruf.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: No information is available, but he may have enjoyed hunting, riding and chess, which were common pastimes for medieval clergy

SCIENCE AND MATHS: No indication of any proficiency or interest, but he was aware of the advances made by Arab scholars in these fields

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Pope Adrian IV adhered to Catholic theology and philosophy of his time. He was a staunch defender of the Catholic faith and doctrine and condemned heresy and schism. The pope promoted the crusades and missionary work and sought to unify and reform the church. 

SCANDAL: He was accused by some of being ambitious, arrogant and nepotistic and was involved in several conflicts and controversies with secular rulers

Pope Adrian IV issued the bull Laudabiliter, which gave Ireland to Henry II of England on condition that he pay an annual tribute to Rome and reform the Irish church; this bull was later disputed and rejected by many Irish historians and nationalists. 

MILITARY RECORD: Pope Adrian IV never personally fought in any battles or wars, but he supported the crusades against the Muslims.

He excommunicated William I of Sicily for invading papal lands.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Pope Adrian IV was generally healthy and vigorous until his last years, when he suffered from gout and fever.

HOMES: He lived in various places throughout his life, including Arles, Avignon, Albano, Rome, Anagni and Viterbo. Pope Adrian IV also stayed in several monasteries during his travels.

TRAVEL: He travelled widely across Europe as a papal legate and pope; he visited France, Spain, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Germany and Italy; he never returned to England after leaving it as a young man

DEATH: He died on September 1, 1159 in Anagni, near Rome after choking on a fly in his wine. Pope Adrian IV was buried in the cathedral there; his tomb was later destroyed by French soldiers in 1798.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: He has featured in historical documentaries and fictional portrayals, though not widely depicted in popular culture. Books include Pope Adrian IV: The Lothian Essay by John Duncan Mackie (1907) and Breakspear: The English Pope, by RAJ Waddingham (2023)

ACHIEVEMENTS: He was the first and only English pope

Pope Adrian IV reformed the church in Scandinavia and Ireland, asserted the papal authority over secular rulers and supported the crusades and the expansion of Christianity

Please note: Due to the limited historical information available, some details in this biography are based on educated guesses and may not be entirely accurate.

Adele

NAME: Adele Laurie Blue Adkins, known mononymously as Adele.

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: A British singer-songwriter whose soulful emotive voice and traditionally crafted songs made her one of the most broadly popular performers of her generation. She has won numerous accolades, including 16 Grammy Awards, an Academy Award, and a Golden Globe Award.

BIRTH: May 5, 1988, in Tottenham, London, England.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: She was raised by a young single mother in various working-class neighbourhoods of London.

CHILDHOOD: Adele enjoyed singing contemporary pop music and learned to play the guitar and the clarinet. She discovered rhythm-and-blues singer Etta James and other mid-20th-century performers in her early teens and began to consider a musical career.

EDUCATION: She graduated in arts from the BRIT School for Performing Arts and Technology in 2006.

CAREER RECORD: Adele's first public singing performance was in a school presentation where she sang "Rise" by Gabrielle.

Adele signed a record deal with XL Recordings in 2006 and released her debut album, 19, in 2008. The album was a critical and commercial success, earning her the Grammy Award for Best New Artist. 

Her second album, 21, was released in 2011 and became the world's best-selling album of the 21st century, with sales of over 31 million. The album featured the hit singles "Rolling in the Deep", "Someone like You", and "Set Fire to the Rain" and won her six Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year. 

In 2012, she released "Skyfall", a soundtrack single for the James Bond film Skyfall, which won her the Academy Award for Best Original Song. 

Her third album, 25, was released on November 20, 2015 and broke first-week sales records in the UK and US.  in the US it sold over 3.38 million copies in its first week of release surpassing the previous record held by NSYNC's No Strings Attached. The album earned her five Grammy Awards, including Album of the Year. The lead single, "Hello", achieved huge success worldwide. 

Her fourth album, 30, was released in 2021 and contained the chart-topping and Grammy-winning single "Easy on Me".

APPEARANCE: She has blonde hair and green eyes. Adele is known for her distinctive eyeliner and manicure.

When she got her first record deal, one of the executive producers told Adele to lose weight. But she replied: "I write music for ears; not eyes." 

Adele in 2021 By Condé Nast (through Vogue Taiwan), 

FASHION: She favors elegant and classic styles that flatter her figure. Adele has worn dresses by designers such as Burberry, Valentino, Stella McCartney, and Giorgio Armani.

CHARACTER: Adele is described as down-to-earth, honest, funny, and generous. She is also outspoken and confident about her opinions and choices. Adele can be shy and private but reveals vulnerability and honesty through her music.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: She has a witty and self-deprecating sense of humour that often makes fun of herself and her experiences. Adele is also known for her hilarious stage banter and interviews.

RELATIONSHIPS: Adele dated Simon Konecki, a charity entrepreneur, from 2011 to 2019. They married in 2018 and divorced in 2021. They have a son named Angelo, born in 2012. She is currently dating Rich Paul, a sports agent.

MONEY AND FAME: Adele is one of the richest musicians in the world, with an estimated net worth of $190 million as of 2021. She is also one of the most influential celebrities in the world, according to Time magazine and Forbes magazine. 

Adele has used her fame and fortune to support various causes, such as MusiCares, Drop4Drop, Keep a Child Alive, Sands UK, War Child UK, Grenfell Tower fire relief fund, Black Lives Matter movement, and COVID-19 relief efforts.

FOOD AND DRINK: She enjoys spicy food, especially Indian cuisine. She also likes tea, coffee, wine, and champagne.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Adele is deeply passionate about music of all genres. Supports other artists and attends various live performances.. She also enjoys art forms such as painting, photography, film and theatre .

Adele, the girl with the voice like a velvet fist, burst onto the scene in 2008 with her debut album, 19. Who'd have thought that a young lass from Tottenham could belt out tunes that would make grown men weep? She followed up with 21, a record so heartbreakingly beautiful it practically redefined sadness. Tracks like "Rolling in the Deep" and "Someone Like You" became the soundtrack to millions of broken hearts worldwide.

Adele's not just a singer; she's a cultural phenomenon. Her albums sell like hotcakes, her concerts are sell-outs, and her every move is scrutinized by the tabloids. But despite her fame and fortune, she's remained remarkably grounded. She's the girl next door who just happens to have a voice that could shatter glass.

Her subsequent albums, 25 and 30, have continued to break records and win awards. Adele's music is a timeless blend of soul, R&B, and pop, and her lyrics are as raw and honest as they come. She's a true original, a once-in-a-generation talent who has captured the hearts of millions around the world.

LITERATURE: She reads widely and draws inspiration from diverse literary sources for her songwriting. Her favorite authors include Maya Angelou, Paulo Coelho, and J.K. Rowling. 

NATURE: Adele loves nature and animals. Adele's wiener dachshund named Louis (after Louis Armstrong)was her constant companion during her 2011 tour. She likes to spend time outdoors, especially in the countryside or by the sea.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Adele likes to do yoga, pilates, and meditation. She also likes to cook, bake, knit, and play board games. She is a fan of Tottenham Hotspur Football Club.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: She has expressed interest in learning more about science and maths, especially astronomy and physics. Adele has said that she would like to go to space someday.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: She is spiritual but not religious. She believes in God and the power of positive thinking. Adele has said that she is inspired by the teachings of Buddhism and Hinduism.

SCANDAL: She has been involved in some controversies, such as being accused of cultural appropriation for wearing a Jamaican flag bikini and Bantu knots, being criticized for her weight loss, and being hacked and having her personal photos leaked online.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Adele has struggled with anxiety, depression, and postpartum depression. She has also suffered from vocal cord hemorrhage, which required surgery and rest. She has adopted a healthier lifestyle, which includes quitting smoking, drinking less alcohol, eating better, and exercising more. She has lost about 100 pounds since 2017.

HOMES: She owns several properties around the world, such as a mansion in Beverly Hills, California; a country estate in East Grinstead, West Sussex; a flat in Kensington, London; and a villa in Montecito, California.

TRAVEL: Adele frequently tours internationally, enjoying different cultures and experiencing new places.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: She has appeared in various media platforms, such as television shows (Saturday Night Live, The Late Late Show with James Corden, The Ellen DeGeneres Show), films (Skyfall), documentaries (Adele Live at the Royal Albert Hall, Adele: The Biography Channel), magazines (Vogue, Rolling Stone, Time), podcasts (The Oprah Conversation), social media (Instagram, Twitter).

ACHIEVEMENTS: Adele is one of the best-selling musical artists of all time, with 16 Grammy Awards and countless other accolades.

She revolutionized modern pop music with her powerful vocals and heartfelt lyrics.

Adele has empowered millions with her honest portrayal of human emotions and vulnerabilities.

Joseph Addison

 NAME: Joseph Addison

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Writing essays, poems, plays and political pamphlets; founding The Spectator magazine; holding important government posts under the Whig party.

BIRTH: He was born on May 1, 1672 in Milston, Wiltshire, England.

FAMILY BACKGROUND: He was the eldest son of Lancelot Addison, a scholarly clergyman who later became the dean of Lichfield. His mother was Jane Gulston, the daughter of a wealthy merchant.

CHILDHOOD: He spent his early years in Milston and later moved to the cathedral close of Lichfield with his family. Joseph showed an early talent for writing and learning languages.

EDUCATION: He was educated at Charterhouse School in London, where he met his lifelong friend Richard Steele. Addison then went to Oxford University, where he studied classics at Queen's College and Magdalen College. He won several prizes for his Latin poetry and became a fellow of Magdalen College in 1697.

CAREER RECORD: Addison began his career as a writer in 1694, when he published a book of biographies of English poets. He also wrote a poem dedicated to John Dryden, the leading poet of the time. 

In 1699, Addison received a pension from the government to travel in Europe and prepare for a diplomatic career. He wrote a poetic epistle about his travels in Italy, which was published in 1704. He also wrote a prose account of his observations in Italy, which was published in 1705.

In 1704, Addison wrote a commemorative poem about the Battle of Blenheim, which won him the favour of the Whig leaders. He was appointed as a commissioner of appeals and later as an under-secretary of state. He also served as a member of parliament for several constituencies. In 1717, he became the secretary of state for the southern department, but resigned in 1718 due to ill health.

APPEARANCE: Addison was described as having a fair complexion, brown hair, blue eyes and a pleasant countenance. He was of medium height and slender build.

Joseph Addison by Sir Godfrey Kneller, Bt

FASHION: He dressed modestly and neatly, avoiding ostentation and extravagance. Addison preferred plain colours and simple fabrics.

CHARACTER: Addison was admired for his wit, elegance, generosity and modesty. He was also known for his courtesy, kindness and benevolence. He avoided controversy and conflict, preferring harmony and moderation. He was a devout Anglican and a loyal subject of the crown.

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Addison had a refined and subtle sense of humour, which he displayed in his essays and conversations. He often used irony, satire and parody to expose the follies and vices of his age. He also enjoyed jokes and anecdotes that illustrated human nature.

RELATIONSHIPS: Addison had many friends and acquaintances among the literary and political circles of his time. His most intimate friend was Richard Steele, with whom he collaborated on several periodicals, including The Tatler and The Spectator. They shared similar views on literature, politics and morality, but also had occasional disagreements and quarrels. He also had friendly relations with other writers such as Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift and John Gay. 

Addison married Charlotte Rich, the widow of Edward Rich, 6th Earl of Warwick, in 1716. They had one daughter, Charlotte Addison (1718–1797).

MONEY AND FAME: Addison earned a considerable income from his writings and his government posts. He also inherited a large estate from his uncle in 1708. 

Addison was widely celebrated as one of the most eminent writers and statesmen of his time. His works were praised by critics and readers alike. His fame spread beyond England to other parts of Europe and America.

FOOD AND DRINK: Addison was fond of good food and wine, but not to excess. He enjoyed coffee houses as places of social interaction and intellectual exchange. He also liked tea and chocolate.

MUSIC AND ARTS: He appreciated music and arts as sources of pleasure and refinement. Addison admired classical music, especially Italian opera. He also enjoyed painting, sculpture and architecture.

LITERATURE: Addison was well versed in classical literature, especially Latin poetry. He also read widely in modern literature, especially French and Italian works. He wrote essays on various literary topics such as criticism, history, biography, mythology and allegory.

NATURE: He loved nature as a manifestation of God's wisdom and beauty. Addison wrote poems on natural themes such as seasons, flowers, birds and insects. He also observed nature with curiosity and admiration.

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Addison had few hobbies and sports, as he devoted most of his time to writing and public affairs. He occasionally played chess and cards. He also liked riding and walking.

SCIENCE AND MATHS: addison had little interest in science and maths, as he preferred the humanities and arts. He was sceptical of the new discoveries and inventions of his time, such as the Newtonian physics and the microscope. He also mocked the pretensions and pedantry of some scientists and mathematicians.

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: Addison was influenced by the rationalist philosophy of John Locke and the moral philosophy of Samuel Clarke. He believed in the existence of God, the immortality of the soul and the natural law. 

Joseph Addison was a devout Christian, who  defended the Anglican church against the attacks of deists, atheists and dissenters.

SCANDAL: Addison avoided scandal and gossip, as he valued his reputation and honour. He was never involved in any serious personal or political scandal. He also refrained from scandalizing others, except in his satirical writings.

MILITARY RECORD: Addison never served in the army or fought in any war. He was a supporter of peace and diplomacy, rather than war and violence.

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Addison had a weak constitution and suffered from various ailments throughout his life. He was especially troubled by asthma, which often affected his breathing and speech. He also contracted dropsy in his later years, which caused swelling in his legs and abdomen.

HOMES: Addison lived in several places during his life, depending on his circumstances and preferences. He spent his childhood in Milston and Lichfield. He lived in Oxford while he was a student and a fellow and resided in London when he was a writer and a politician. He also owned a country house in Bilton, Warwickshire, where he spent some of his leisure time.

TRAVEL: Addison travelled widely in Europe between 1699 and 1704, visiting France, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Germany and Holland. He also travelled within England and Scotland on several occasions for personal or professional reasons.

DEATH: He died on June 17, 1719 at Holland House in Kensington, London. aged 47 years old. As he lay dying he didn't pray for himself, but for his stepson, the Earl of Warwick, who wasn't a believer. Addison asked the young dissolute earl to come to his bedside, and when he arrived he mumbled in a gentle way to him, "See in what peace a Christian can die!" 

Addison was buried in Westminster Abbey, near the grave of John Dryden.

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: His life and works have been portrayed in various media forms, such as books, plays, films and television shows. Some examples are:

The Historical Register for the Year 1736 (1737), a satirical play by Henry Fielding that features Addison as a character.

The Young Mr Pitt (1942), a film by Carol Reed that features Addison as a minor character played by Herbert Lomas.

The Spectator Bird (1976), a novel by Wallace Stegner that uses excerpts from Addison's essays as epigraphs.

Joseph Addison (2004), an episode of the BBC radio series Great Lives that discusses Addison's life and legacy.

ACHIEVEMENTS: Some of his main achievements are:

Writing influential essays on various topics such as literature, politics, society, religion, manners and morals.

Founding The Spectator magazine with Richard Steele, which set a new standard for periodical writing and influenced many later writers.

Writing successful poems on themes such as patriotism, religion, nature and love.

Writing popular plays such as Cato (1713), a tragedy about the Roman statesman Cato the Younger; The Drummer (1716), a comedy about a ghost; Rosamond (1707), an opera about the mistress of Henry II; and The Tender Husband (1705), a comedy co-written with Steele.

Holding important government posts such as under-secretary of state, secretary of state for the southern department and member of parliament.

 Being one of the leading figures of the Whig party and supporting the Hanoverian succession to the throne.

Being one of the most celebrated writers and statesmen of his time and earning the admiration of his contemporaries and posterity.

John Quincy Adams

NAME: John Quincy Adams

WHAT FAMOUS FOR: Sixth president of the United States, son of John Adams, diplomat, congressman, and opponent of slavery

BIRTH: July 11, 1767 in Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts

FAMILY BACKGROUND: Son of John Adams, a Founding Father and the second president, and Abigail Adams, a prominent First Lady and writer; descendant of the Quincy family, a prominent political family in Massachusetts,

CHILDHOOD: John witnessed the American Revolution as a boy. He accompanied his father on diplomatic missions to Europe He learned several languages and studied classical literature.

EDUCATION: Harvard College (AB, AM); He studied law under Theophilus Parsons and graduated in 1787.

CAREER RECORD: Lawyer; diplomat; U.S. senator; U.S. secretary of state; U.S. president; U.S. representative.

APPEARANCE: Adams was short and stout. He had blue-gray eyes and brown hair that turned gray in later years. 

Adams portrait – Gilbert Stuart, 1818

FASHION: He wore plain and simple clothes. Adams preferred dark colors and high collars. He wore a top hat and a frock coat

CHARACTER: Intelligent, diligent, independent, principled, stubborn, aloof, irascible

SENSE OF HUMOUR: Dry and sarcastic. Adams enjoyed puns and wordplay. He often made jokes at his own expense

RELATIONSHIPS: Adams had a close bond with his mother, who influenced his views and values. He had a distant and strained relationship with his father, who expected much from him.

Adams married Louisa Catherine Johnson, the daughter of a poor American merchant, in a ceremony at the church of All Hallows-by-the-Tower, London on July 26, 1797. He had a loyal but sometimes unhappy marriage with his wife, who suffered from poor health and depression.

Louisa Adams was born in England and raised in France. Adams was the only president to have married a First Lady born outside of the United States.

 They had three sons and a daughter  Louisa Catherine Adams II, who died of dysentery aged one.

Adams had a difficult relationship with his eldest son, George, who was an alcoholic and committed suicide aged 28; had a better relationship with his youngest son, Charles, who followed his footsteps in politics

MONEY AND FAME: Adams came from a wealthy and prominent family He inherited land and property from his father; and earned a modest income from his public service. Adams received royalties from his published writings. He enjoyed fame and respect as a statesman and scholar

FOOD AND DRINK: Adams ate simple and frugal meals He preferred fish, vegetables, fruits, cheese, and bread; drank water, tea, coffee, cider, and wine. Adams avoided spirits and tobacco.

MUSIC AND ARTS: Adams played the flute as a hobby. He enjoyed classical music, especially Mozart and Haydn and appreciated painting and sculpture, especially Greek and Roman art. He visited museums and galleries in Europe.

LITERATURE: A voracious reader and writer, Adams read works in English, French, German, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and Arabic;. He wrote books, essays, poems, speeches, letters, diaries, and memoirs. Adams admired Shakespeare, Milton, Pope, Swift, Voltaire, Rousseau, Goethe, and Schiller

NATURE: He loved nature and the outdoors and walked every morning for exercise and fresh air. Adams kept a garden at his home in Quincyand observed plants and animals with curiosity and admiration

HOBBIES AND SPORTS: Adams enjoyed swimming, fishing, hunting, riding, skating, sledding, and bowling. He played chess, checkers and billiards. Adams collected books, coins, and shells and attended lectures, theater,and opera

SCIENCE AND MATHS: Interested in science and maths. he studied astronomy, chemistry, geography, geology and navigation. Adams owned a telescope, a microscope, a sextant, and a compass. He calculated eclipses, tides, and distances. Adams corresponded with scientists such as Benjamin Rush, Thomas Jefferson, and Alexander von Humboldt

PHILOSOPHY & THEOLOGY: A devout Unitarian Christian, Adams believed in the unity of God, the moral law, the free will of man, and the immortality of the soul. He read the Bible daily, prayed  regularly, attended church services and respected other religions.  Adams studied philosophy such as Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Locke, Hume, and Kant

SCANDAL: Adams was accused of making a "corrupt bargain" with Henry Clay to win the presidency in 1824 and criticized for his unpopular policies such as the Tariff of 1828. He  was attacked for his opposition to slavery by pro-slavery politicians, involved in the Amistad case as a lawyer for the African captives and censured by the House of Representatives for presenting anti-slavery petitions. 

MILITARY RECORD: Adams served as a diplomat during the War of 1812 and negotiated the Treaty of Ghent that ended the war. He supported a strong national defense and a professional army and navy and opposed unnecessary wars and interventions

HEALTH AND PHYSICAL FITNESS: Generally healthy and active throughout his life, Adams suffered from occasional bouts of malaria, dysentery, rheumatism, and depression. He had a stroke in 1846 that impaired his speech and movement. Adams had a second stroke in 1848 that caused his death.

HOMES: Born and raised in Braintree (now Quincy), Massachusetts, Adams lived in various places in Europe and America as a diplomat and politician. He owned a farm called Peacefield in Quincy, where he retired and died.

TRAVEL: Adams traveled extensively in Europe and America as a diplomat and politician. He visited France, England, Netherlands, Prussia, Russia, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Poland, Austria, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Canada. Adams crossed the Atlantic Ocean eight times

DEATH: He died on February 23, 1848 in Washington, D.C., at the age of 80, two days after he'd collapsed in the House of Representatives after suffering a stroke. His last words were "This is the last of earth. I am content." Adams was buried in the United First Parish Church in Quincy

APPEARANCES IN MEDIA: Portrayed by actors such as Anthony Hopkins, E.G. Marshall, David Morse, and Paul Giamatti in films and TV shows such as Amistad, The Adams Chronicles, John Adams, and The American President. 

ACHIEVEMENTS: One of the most accomplished and influential statesmen in American history, Adams helped shape the foreign policy of the United States, especially the Monroe Doctrine that opposed European interference in the Americas. He promoted internal improvements such as roads, canals, and education, and defended human rights and civil liberties such as freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom from slavery.